CN111485126A - Preparation method of nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt base wrought superalloy wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt base wrought superalloy wire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing technology and manufacturing technology of deformed high-temperature alloy wires, and relates to a preparation method of a nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt-based deformed high-temperature alloy wire; the method comprises the procedures of alloy pure smelting, casting and forging homogenization heat treatment, forging and cogging, rolling and forming, wire cold drawing, surface grinding and polishing, annealing, residual stress detection and the like. The wire prepared by the invention has high surface smoothness, small residual stress, low inclusion content and lower manufacturing cost, meets the requirements of an electric arc micro-casting and forging manufacturing process, and has obvious innovation and better market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing technology and manufacturing technology of deformed high-temperature alloy wires, and relates to a preparation method of a nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt-based deformed high-temperature alloy wire.
Background
Additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) is a technology of preparing solid parts by integrating technologies such as computer aided design and modeling, material processing and forming and depositing special materials layer by a numerical control system according to methods such as sintering and melting. In the last 30 years, a great deal of expenditure is invested at home and abroad to develop the research on the material adding manufacturing process and the material preparation thereof, remarkable effect is achieved, and the prepared high-temperature alloy blades, structural members and the like are in the examination and verification stage in the engine. Compared with the traditional manufacturing process, the additive manufacturing has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and the like. The additive manufacturing is expected to provide a short-flow process approach for solving the manufacturing problem of the aeroengine component. However, the traditional additive manufacturing method belongs to free forming, the prepared workpiece has a columnar crystal structure, and the mechanical property is anisotropic, so that the use reliability and fatigue property of the workpiece can hardly reach the performance level of a forging. In the existing laser additive manufacturing and plasma or electric arc additive manufacturing process, the laser forming precision is high, but the forming efficiency and the operation cost are difficult to meet the requirement of high-efficiency manufacturing of large metal components; the forming efficiency of plasma/arc additive manufacturing can reach more than 10 times of that of laser forming, but the heat input is large and the forming precision is low. At present, in the extreme environment of high temperature and high fatigue stress of an aeroengine, the challenges of how to solve the problems of complex shape control and quality stability of a high-temperature alloy structural part are faced. The GE company in America adopts a powder-laying type laser beam and electron beam additive manufacturing technology to mainly solve the additive manufacturing requirement of high-temperature alloy casting parts of an aeroengine, but the two processes are only suitable for additive manufacturing of small-sized complex high-temperature alloy parts and cannot be used for large and medium-sized bearing members needing the performance of forgings at present. In comparison, the electric arc micro-casting and forging composite additive manufacturing taking the high-temperature alloy wire as the material gives consideration to the structure performance, the forming efficiency and the precision of the workpiece, has the advantages of high deposition efficiency, compact deposition, uniform components and the like, and has important significance for manufacturing high-performance large metal components at low cost and high efficiency. And one of the keys of successfully preparing high-performance electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing high-temperature alloy parts is the preparation of suitable deformed high-temperature alloy wires.
Controlling metallurgical defects is a key technology in the additive manufacturing process of wrought superalloy materials. The common high-temperature alloy welding wire is prepared by cold-drawing a deformed high-temperature alloy material into a wire material, and then the wire material is connected with a high-temperature alloy part after being melted by different welding methods. However, the common welding wires are usually only welded in a small area range, and are not manufactured into an integral structural part with a larger projection area and more technical difficulty by an additive manufacturing method. The main problems encountered in the process of high-temperature alloy additive manufacturing are cracks and microcracks which are initiated, the cracks with larger sizes can be observed by naked eyes, but the microcracks with smaller sizes can be found only by means of metallographic examination, and certain difficulty is brought to material performance examination. Research shows that trace elements (such as carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, silicon and manganese) in the high-temperature alloy have important influence on the alloy performance including the additive manufacturing process, and the higher content of the trace elements can increase the crack sensitivity in the additive manufacturing process. The mechanical properties of the high-temperature alloy part manufactured by additive manufacturing are generally reduced compared with the mechanical properties of the high-temperature alloy with the same alloy grade, and the main reasons are that certain element segregation exists in a solidification structure on one hand, and the metallurgical defects are more than those of the high-temperature alloy part manufactured by a forging process on the other hand. In addition, because the high-temperature alloy structural part is mostly applied to important parts of an aircraft engine, the requirements on chemical components, mechanical properties, microstructures and long-term service performance of the material are high, the common welding wire is not suitable for additive manufacturing, and the components of the alloy, the surface quality of the wire, the size error range and the internal stress size need to be optimized and adjusted so as to meet the requirement of the deformed high-temperature alloy wire for additive manufacturing.
At present, the largest quantity of GH4169 alloy (corresponding to us IN718 designation) is used IN aeroengines, which does not exceed 650 ℃. In order to improve the service temperature of the alloy, the development of a novel alloy material which has higher service temperature and equivalent processability compared with GH4169 alloy is developed at home and abroad. On the basis of GH4169(IN718) alloy components, by reducing the Fe content from 18% to 10%, newly adding about 9% of Co element and 1% of W element, adjusting the Al + Ti content and the Al/Ti element ratio, and properly increasing the Nb content, a 718Plus alloy is successfully developed, and the alloy maintains the good service performance, welding performance and proper cost of the IN718 alloy, and simultaneously, the maximum service temperature is increased by 55 ℃. However, the 718Plus wire for additive manufacturing prepared from the 718Plus alloy is not reported at home and abroad at present, and no precedent of the 718Plus wire for electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low purity, large residual stress, metallurgical defects and the like of high-quality deformed high-temperature alloy wires used in the field of additive manufacturing, the invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt-based deformed high-temperature alloy wire, which is beneficial to improving the quality level and the performance stability of high-temperature alloy parts manufactured by additive manufacturing and meets the requirements of aeroengine parts.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt based wrought superalloy wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy comprises the following components: ni: 50.0-53.0%; cr: 17.0 to 21.0 percent; fe: 8.0-10.0%; co: 8.0-10.0%; al: 1.2-1.7%; ti: 0.5-1.0%; nb: 5.15-5.8%; w: 1.0-1.5%; mo: 2.5-3.1%; c: 0.01 to 0.025%; p: 0.005-0.012%; b: 0.004-0.006%; si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.002%;
(2) preparing materials: alloy proportioning is carried out by adopting an electronic scale according to the designed alloy components;
(3) preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by smelting the alloy by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting process;
(4) homogenizing and high-temperature heat treatment of the consumable electrode ingot: firstly, heating a consumable electrode ingot to 1160 +/-20 ℃ by using a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for 15-25 h; then continuously heating to 1180 +/-10 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-45 h;
(5) cogging and forging: forging and cogging the cast ingot into an alloy bar by using a quick forging machine;
(6) hot rolling: heating the alloy bar by a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, rolling the alloy bar by a horizontal hot rolling mill, wherein the deformation of each hot rolling pass is 20-30%, and the specification of the bar after hot rolling is phi 11mm +/-0.5 mm; the hot-rolled nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy bar is machined by a lathe to remove oxide skin, the surface of the bar is polished by a grinding machine, the surface roughness reaches 1.6 mu m, and the diameter of the bar after surface machining and polishing is phi 10 mm;
(7) cold drawing of wire materials: the cold drawing deformation is 20-50%;
(8) surface treatment of the wire: winding the wire subjected to cold drawing into a coil, polishing the surface of the wire by adopting polishing equipment and cleaning equipment, and cleaning foreign matters such as greasy dirt and the like;
(9) residual stress detection and control: and (3) putting the wire coil with the cleaned surface into a hydrogen annealing furnace for annealing, so that the residual stress of the wire surface is less than or equal to 150 MPa.
The Ni plate is Jinchuan No. 0 nickel (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), the metal Cr uses low-nitrogen electrolytic chromium, and the Fe is high-purity iron (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent).
Preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by adopting a vacuum induction smelting furnace in the step (2), then performing stress relief annealing, cutting off power to cool the consumable electrode ingot to room temperature along with the furnace, and remelting the consumable electrode ingot by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace after machining the consumable electrode ingot; the vacuum degree of the equipment is less than or equal to 0.1Pa, and the air leakage rate is required to be less than or equal to 0.1 Pa/min.
And (3) performing stress relief annealing on the consumable electrode ingot in the step (3) by adopting a trolley type heat treatment furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 900 +/-50 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2-3 h.
And (5) the dimension specification of the bar material meets the rolling diameter of the hot rolling mill.
The cold-drawing deformation amount in the step (7) is specifically phi 10mm → phi 8mm (deformation amount 36%) → phi 7mm (deformation amount 24%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 7mm → phi 5mm (deformation amount 49%) → phi 4mm (deformation amount 36%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 4mm → phi 3mm (deformation amount 25%) → phi 2.5mm (deformation amount 31%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 2.5mm → phi 2mm (deformation amount 36%) → phi 1.5mm (deformation amount 43%) → phi 1.2mm (deformation amount 36%).
The annealing temperature in the step (9) is 650 +/-30 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-30 min.
And (3) detecting the residual stress in the step (2) by using an X-ray residual stress tester.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
aiming at the problems of low purity, large batch performance fluctuation, high residual stress and the like of the deformed high-temperature alloy wire for additive manufacturing, the invention designs a preparation method of the nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt-based deformed high-temperature alloy wire by combining the technologies of pure smelting, precise forming, stress relief annealing and the like, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost, good metallurgical quality of the prepared additive manufacturing component, stable structure and the like. The metallurgical quality and performance level of the high-temperature alloy part manufactured by the additive are improved, and the process has remarkable process innovativeness and practicability.
The invention has the innovation points that the high-temperature alloy component design for ① electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing is adopted, the nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron-based deformation high-temperature alloy wire component applied to the temperature of above 700 ℃ is designed aiming at the problem of cracks frequently existing in the high-temperature alloy additive manufacturing process and combining the characteristics of the electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing process, a clear range is specified on the premise of ensuring the performance of an alloy piece aiming at trace elements such as C, P, S, B, Si and Mn in the alloy, wherein C is 0.01-0.025%, P is 0.005-0.012%, B is 0.004-0.006%, Si is less than or equal to 0.15%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.30%, particularly the content of harmful elements S is required to be less than 20ppm, ② homogenization high-time heat treatment is adopted, alloy ingots after vacuum self-consumption are subjected to two-stage high-temperature homogenization heat treatment, ingots are heated to 1160 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 15-25 hours, then continuously heated to 1180 +/-10 ℃, the temperature preservation time is carried out, the temperature of the ingot casting, the surface stress is reduced, the main temperature is improved, the surface stress of the annealing, the surface of the annealing is improved, the surface of the wire surface of the annealing is improved by adopting a high-temperature-maintaining temperature maintaining wire, the temperature maintaining stress of the wire annealing, the temperature of the annealing, the temperature of the annealing is controlled by adopting a high-maintaining temperature maintaining wire, the temperature.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the specific implementation scheme of the invention is as follows:
(1) the manufacturing of the arc micro-casting and forging additive is designed by using nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy components. Aiming at the process characteristics of electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing, a nickel-chromium-cobalt iron-based wrought high-temperature alloy wire material applied to the temperature of more than 700 ℃ is designed, and the specific range is Ni: 50.0-53.0%; cr: 17.0 to 21.0 percent; fe: 8.0-10.0%; co: 8.0-10.0%; al: 1.2-1.7%; ti: 0.5-1.0%; nb: 5.15-5.8%; w: 1.0-1.5%; mo: 2.5-3.1%; c: 0.01 to 0.025%; p: 0.005-0.012%; b: 0.004-0.006%; si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.002%;
(2) and (4) batching. And (3) carrying out alloy batching by adopting an electronic scale according to the designed alloy components. Wherein the metal Ni plate is Jinchuan No. 0 nickel (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%), the metal Cr uses low-nitrogen electrolytic chromium, and the Fe is high-purity iron (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%);
(3) and smelting the alloy by a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting process. And preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by adopting a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and performing stress relief annealing on the electrode ingot by adopting a trolley type heat treatment furnace. The stress relief annealing temperature of the electrode ingot is 900 +/-50 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2-3 h. Then, the power is cut off to cool the ingot casting to the room temperature along with the furnace. And after the electrode ingot is machined, remelting the alloy ingot by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace. The vacuum degree of the equipment is less than or equal to 0.1Pa, and the air leakage rate is required to be less than or equal to 0.1 Pa/min;
(4) homogenizing and high-temperature heat treatment of the cast ingot. And performing two-stage high-temperature homogenization heat treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to vacuum consumable remelting. Firstly, heating an ingot to 1160 +/-20 ℃ by using a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for 15-25 h; then continuously heating to 1180 +/-10 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-45 h;
(5) and cogging and forging. Forging and cogging the cast ingot by using a quick forging machine, wherein the dimension specification of the cogging and forged bar is subject to the requirement of the rolling diameter of a hot rolling machine;
(6) and (4) hot rolling. The alloy bar is heated by a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and the bar is rolled by a horizontal hot rolling mill, wherein the deformation of each hot rolling pass is 20-30%. The specification of the bar after hot rolling is phi 11mm +/-0.5 mm. The hot-rolled nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy bar is machined by a lathe to remove oxide skin, the surface of the bar is polished by a grinding machine, the surface roughness reaches 1.6 mu m, and the diameter of the bar after surface machining and polishing is phi 10 mm;
(7) and (5) cold drawing the wire. The cold drawing deformation is 20-50%. In particular to a bar material of phi 10mm → phi 8mm (deformation 36%) → phi 7mm (deformation 24%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 7mm → phi 5mm (deformation 49%) → phi 4mm (deformation 36%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 4mm → phi 3mm (deformation 25%) → phi 2.5mm (deformation 31%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 2.5mm → phi 2mm (deformation 36%) → phi 1.5mm (deformation 43%) → phi 1.2mm (deformation 36%);
(8) and (4) carrying out surface treatment on the wire. Winding the wire subjected to cold drawing into a coil, polishing the surface of the wire by adopting polishing equipment and cleaning equipment, and cleaning foreign matters such as greasy dirt and the like;
(9) and detecting and controlling residual stress. And (4) putting the wire coil with the cleaned surface into a hydrogen annealing furnace for annealing. The annealing temperature is 650 plus or minus 30 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20min to 30 min. And detecting the surface stress state of the wire by adopting an X-ray residual stress tester, wherein the residual stress of the surface of the wire is required to be less than or equal to 150 MPa.
Examples
Example 1:
the designed nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy for the electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing comprises the following components: 53.0 percent; cr: 19.4 percent; fe: 9.0 percent; co: 8.0 percent; al: 1.2 percent; ti: 0.5 percent; nb: 5.2 percent; w: 1.0 percent; mo: 2.5 percent; c: 0.01 percent; p: 0.005 percent; b: 0.004%; si: 0.1 percent; mn: 0.081%; and taking the median value of the composition range as a target value, and carrying out alloy batching by adopting an electronic scale. Wherein the metal Ni plate is Jinchuan No. 0 nickel (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%), the metal Cr uses low-nitrogen electrolytic chromium, and the Fe is high-purity iron (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%); and preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by adopting a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and performing stress relief annealing on the electrode ingot by adopting a trolley type heat treatment furnace. The stress relief annealing temperature of the electrode ingot is 950 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 h. Then, the power is cut off to cool the ingot casting to the room temperature along with the furnace. And after the electrode ingot is machined, remelting the alloy ingot by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace. The vacuum degree of the equipment is 0.05Pa, and the air leakage rate is 0.1 Pa/min; and performing two-stage high-temperature homogenization heat treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to vacuum consumable remelting. Firstly, heating an ingot to 1160 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for 15 hours; then continuously heating to 1180 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 hours; and forging and cogging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the diameter of the cogging and forging bar is 80 mm. And (3) heating the alloy bar by adopting a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and rolling the bar by adopting a horizontal hot rolling mill, wherein the deformation of each hot rolling pass is 22%. The specification of the bar after hot rolling is phi 10.5 mm. The hot-rolled nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy bar is machined by a lathe to remove oxide skin, the surface of the bar is polished by a grinding machine, the surface roughness reaches 1.6 mu m, and the diameter of the bar after surface machining and polishing is phi 10 mm; the cold drawing deformation used was 22%. In particular to a bar material of phi 10mm → phi 8mm (deformation 36%) → phi 7mm (deformation 24%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 7mm → phi 5mm (deformation 49%) → phi 4mm (deformation 36%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 4mm → phi 3mm (deformation 25%) → phi 2.5mm (deformation 31%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 2.5mm → phi 2mm (deformation 36%) → phi 1.5mm (deformation 43%) → phi 1.2mm (deformation 36%); winding the wire subjected to cold drawing into a coil, polishing the surface of the wire by adopting polishing equipment and cleaning equipment, and cleaning foreign matters such as greasy dirt and the like; and (4) putting the wire coil with the cleaned surface into a hydrogen annealing furnace for annealing. The annealing temperature is 650 ℃, and the holding time is 25 min. And detecting the surface stress state of the wire by adopting an X-ray residual stress tester, wherein the surface residual stress of the wire is 130 MPa.
Example 2:
the designed nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy for the electric arc micro-casting and forging additive manufacturing comprises the following components: 50.0 percent; cr: 19.51 percent; fe: 9.0 percent; co: 9.0 percent; al: 1.7 percent; ti: 0.9 percent; nb: 5.5 percent; w: 1.2 percent; mo: 2.9 percent; c: 0.025 percent; p: 0.010%; b: 0.005 percent; si: 0.05 percent; mn: 0.20 percent; s: 0.001 percent; and taking the median value of the composition range as a target value, and carrying out alloy batching by adopting an electronic scale. Wherein, the metal Ni plate is Jinchuan No. 0 nickel, the metal Cr uses low-nitrogen electrolytic chromium, and the Fe is high-purity iron; and preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by adopting a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and performing stress relief annealing on the electrode ingot by adopting a trolley type heat treatment furnace. The stress relief annealing temperature of the electrode ingot is 950 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 h. Then, the power is cut off to cool the ingot casting to the room temperature along with the furnace. And after the electrode ingot is machined, remelting the alloy ingot by adopting a vacuum consumable remelting furnace. The vacuum degree of the equipment is 0.03Pa, and the air leakage rate is 0.1 Pa/min; and performing two-stage high-temperature homogenization heat treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to vacuum consumable remelting. Firstly, heating an ingot to 1150 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for 20 hours; then continuously heating to 1190 ℃, and preserving the heat for 40 h; and forging and cogging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the diameter of the cogging and forging bar is 80 mm. And (3) heating the alloy bar by adopting a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and rolling the bar by adopting a horizontal hot rolling mill, wherein the deformation of each hot rolling pass is 28%. The specification of the bar after hot rolling is phi 11.5 mm. The hot-rolled nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy bar is machined by a lathe to remove oxide skin, the surface of the bar is polished by a grinding machine, the surface roughness reaches 1.6 mu m, and the diameter of the bar after surface machining and polishing is phi 10 mm; the cold drawing deformation used was 46%. In particular to a bar material of phi 10mm → phi 8mm (deformation 36%) → phi 7mm (deformation 24%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 7mm → phi 5mm (deformation 49%) → phi 4mm (deformation 36%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 4mm → phi 3mm (deformation 25%) → phi 2.5mm (deformation 31%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relieving annealing + phi 2.5mm → phi 2mm (deformation 36%) → phi 1.5mm (deformation 43%) → phi 1.2mm (deformation 36%); winding the wire subjected to cold drawing into a coil, polishing the surface of the wire by adopting polishing equipment and cleaning equipment, and cleaning foreign matters such as greasy dirt and the like; and (4) putting the wire coil with the cleaned surface into a hydrogen annealing furnace for annealing. The annealing temperature is 660 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min. And detecting the residual stress of the surface of the wire to be 125MPa by adopting an X-ray residual stress tester.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the nickel-chromium-iron-cobalt based wrought superalloy wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy comprises the following components: ni: 50.0-53.0%; cr: 17.0 to 21.0 percent; fe: 8.0-10.0%; co: 8.0-10.0%; al: 1.2-1.7%; ti: 0.5-1.0%; nb: 5.15-5.8%; w: 1.0-1.5%; mo: 2.5-3.1%; c: 0.01 to 0.025%; p: 0.005-0.012%; b: 0.004-0.006%; si is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; mn is less than or equal to 0.30 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.002%;
(2) preparing materials: alloy proportioning is carried out by adopting an electronic scale according to the designed alloy components;
(3) preparing an alloy consumable electrode ingot by smelting the alloy by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and vacuum consumable remelting process;
(4) homogenizing and high-temperature heat treatment of the consumable electrode ingot: firstly, heating a consumable electrode ingot to 1160 +/-20 ℃ by using a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, and preserving heat for 15-25 h; then continuously heating to 1180 +/-10 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-45 h;
(5) cogging and forging: forging and cogging the cast ingot into an alloy bar by using a quick forging machine;
(6) hot rolling: heating the alloy bar by a high-temperature heat treatment furnace, rolling the alloy bar by a horizontal hot rolling mill, wherein the deformation of each hot rolling pass is 20-30%, and the specification of the bar after hot rolling is phi 11mm +/-0.5 mm; the hot-rolled nickel-chromium-cobalt-iron alloy bar is machined by a lathe to remove oxide skin, the surface of the bar is polished by a grinding machine, the surface roughness reaches 1.6 mu m, and the diameter of the bar after surface machining and polishing is phi 10 mm;
(7) cold drawing of wire materials: the cold drawing deformation is 20-50%;
(8) surface treatment of the wire: winding the wire subjected to cold drawing into a coil, polishing the surface of the wire by adopting polishing equipment and cleaning equipment, and cleaning foreign matters such as greasy dirt and the like;
(9) residual stress detection and control: and (3) putting the wire coil with the cleaned surface into a hydrogen annealing furnace for annealing, so that the residual stress of the wire surface is less than or equal to 150 MPa.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Ni plate is Jinchuan No. 0 Ni (purity 99.9%) and the metal Cr is low-nitrogen electrolytic chromium and Fe is high-purity iron (purity 99.9%).
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) adopts a vacuum induction melting furnace to prepare the alloy consumable electrode ingot, then the stress relief annealing is carried out, the power failure cools the consumable electrode ingot to room temperature along with the furnace, and the consumable electrode ingot is remelted by a vacuum consumable remelting furnace after being machined; the vacuum degree of the equipment is less than or equal to 0.1Pa, and the air leakage rate is required to be less than or equal to 0.1 Pa/min.
4. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the consumable electrode ingot in the step (3) is subjected to stress relief annealing by using a car-type heat treatment furnace, the annealing temperature is 900 ℃ +/-50 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (5) of bar sizing meets the rolling diameter of the hot rolling mill.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the cold-drawing deformation amount of the step (7) is specifically Φ 10mm → Φ 8mm (deformation amount 36%) → Φ 7mm (deformation amount 24%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relief annealing + Φ 7mm → Φ 5mm (deformation amount 49%) → Φ 4mm (deformation amount 36%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relief annealing + Φ 4mm → Φ 3mm (deformation amount 25%) → Φ 2.5mm (deformation amount 31%) + hydrogen protective atmosphere stress relief annealing + Φ 2.5mm → Φ 2mm (deformation amount 36%) → Φ 1.5mm (deformation amount 43%) → Φ 1.2mm (deformation amount 36%).
7. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the annealing temperature in the step (9) is 650 +/-30 ℃, and the holding time is 20-30 min.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the residual stress in step (2) is measured by an X-ray residual stress tester.
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