CN111483084A - Method for separating fine copper wire from plastic - Google Patents
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- CN111483084A CN111483084A CN202010504070.6A CN202010504070A CN111483084A CN 111483084 A CN111483084 A CN 111483084A CN 202010504070 A CN202010504070 A CN 202010504070A CN 111483084 A CN111483084 A CN 111483084A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
- B03B5/442—Application of particular media therefor composition of heavy media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
- B03B5/447—Application of particular media therefor recovery of heavy media
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
- B29B2017/0272—Magnetic separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0286—Cleaning means used for separation
- B29B2017/0289—Washing the materials in liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic regeneration, and particularly discloses a method for separating a fine copper wire from plastic. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal on the mixed material to obtain a low-iron material; then shearing and screening the low-iron material to obtain loose crushed materials; carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed materials to obtain low specific gravity liquid and high specific gravity liquid; respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid to obtain recyclable heavy medium liquid, metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials; respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material to obtain a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water; carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water to obtain a heavy medium component for circulation and magnetic separation tail water; and precipitating and purifying the magnetic separation tail water to obtain recyclable water. The method provided by the invention uses the ferrosilicon powder as the dense medium to sort the mixed material of the plastic and the fine copper wire, so that the plastic product is obtained, the ferrosilicon powder and water used in the process can be efficiently recycled, and no extra waste is generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic regeneration, in particular to a method for separating fine copper wires from plastics so as to facilitate the recycling of the plastics.
Background
With the progress of scientific and technological technology and the improvement of economic level, the quality of life of people is continuously improved, household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners and televisions are continuously and iteratively upgraded, and a large number of old household appliances are abandoned. The waste household appliances can be recycled by simple disassembly and classification. In the course of recycling, however, a large amount of miscellaneous materials is produced, which often include plastic parts, finely divided metal parts, cables, etc. The separation, recovery and high-value reutilization of the mixed materials can be realized through the processes of air separation, magnetic separation, electric separation, eddy current separation, photoelectric separation, flotation and the like. In the separation and recovery process, particularly in the process of separating plastic from metal, the separation of plastic from small-sized metal parts is the most difficult step. On the one hand because small-sized metal parts are easily mechanically entrapped in the plastic, and on the other hand, it is difficult for the existing sorting process to effectively identify or separate the small-sized metal parts.
The separation of plastic and thin copper wires is the most representative plastic-metal difficult separation case. The thin copper wires are small in size, light in weight and filamentous, and cannot be effectively removed by a common grading process. In most sorting processes, copper wires are easily affected by medium disturbance, and sorting behaviors are often irregular and low in efficiency. For example, if the fine copper wire is separated by photoelectric separation or magnetic induction separation, the fine copper wire is difficult to be identified by a machine due to the small volume of the fine copper wire, and thus the fine copper wire cannot be separated effectively. And on the basis of the density difference between the fine copper wire and the plastic, the plastic-gold separation of the fine copper wire is carried out by using high-concentration brine, but the surface of the plastic separated by the method is remained with salt stains, a large amount of clear water is required for cleaning, and the cleaning water cannot be recycled due to the dissolution of salt and is difficult to dispose.
In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, there is a need to improve the separation process of the plastic and the fine copper wire, so as to improve the separation efficiency of the plastic and the fine copper wire and the environmental protection of the process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a method for separating fine copper wires from plastics, which separates mixed materials containing plastics and fine copper wires by adopting a dense medium separation method to respectively obtain plastic products and metal products, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of materials difficult to separate plastic from gold, and can realize the recycling of water and dense medium components in the process flow.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a method of separating fine copper wire from plastic comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material mixed with the fine copper wires and the plastics by using iron removal equipment, and removing large-size iron materials in the mixed material to obtain a low-iron material; the large-size iron material removed from the mixed material is a miscellaneous iron product mainly comprising metallic iron;
(2) shearing, crushing and screening the low-iron material to obtain loose crushed materials;
(3) mixing the loose crushed aggregates with heavy medium liquid, and carrying out heavy medium separation to respectively obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid respectively to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly recycled for heavy medium sorting treatment, returning to the step (3) to be used as the heavy medium liquid, and screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid respectively to obtain plastic coarse materials and metal coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning on the obtained metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material to obtain a metal product and a plastic product, and carrying out next treatment on cleaning tail water obtained by cleaning; the metal product mainly comprises fine copper wires, and the metal content in the plastic product is less than 0.01 per thousand;
(6) and carrying out magnetic separation on the washing tail water, recovering heavy medium components in the washing tail water, collecting the heavy medium components to obtain recyclable heavy medium components, allowing the magnetic separation tail water after magnetic separation to enter a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and purification, and allowing the purified water to be used for heavy medium separation and/or ultrasonic surface cleaning treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the magnetic induction intensity used for magnetic separation and iron removal is 2500-3500 Gs.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the sieve has a mesh size of 30 to 50 mm.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step (3), the heavy medium liquid used for heavy medium separation is a mixed liquid of a heavy medium component and water, the heavy medium component is ferrosilicon powder, the content of silicon in the ferrosilicon powder is 10-20% by mass, preferably 15%, and the mass ratio of the heavy medium component to the water in the heavy medium liquid is as follows: and (1.1-1.5) mixing water and ferrosilicon powder. The specific gravity of the heavy medium liquid is about 1.8-2.0.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the size of the sieve opening of the sieving classification is 1-2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (5), the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic surface cleaning is 25 to 35kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.30 to 0.45W/cm2。
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (6), the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 3000-4000 Gs.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (6), the precipitation purification time is 4 to 6 hours.
The invention provides a new method, which can effectively remove the fine copper wires in the mixed materials of plastics and the fine copper wires, and the content of metals in the removed plastic products can be reduced to less than 0.01 per thousand.
The method for separating the fine copper wires from the plastics provided by the invention is used for sorting the mixed materials of the plastics and the fine copper wires by taking the silicon iron powder as the heavy medium component for the first time, so that the plastics and the fine copper wires can be comprehensively recycled to respectively obtain plastic products and metal products; in addition, the ferrosilicon powder and water used in the process can be efficiently recycled, and no extra waste is generated in the separation process. According to the method, the plastic and the fine copper wires are separated by adopting a dense medium separation method, so that on one hand, the plastic-gold separation can be efficiently realized; on the other hand, the heavy medium components and the cleaning water in the treatment process can be recycled and purified efficiently, and technical support can be provided for green and efficient separation of plastics and finely-divided metals.
The method has the advantages of reasonable process flow, wide adaptability to raw materials, excellent sorting index, environmental friendliness, easiness in implementation and control, high economic feasibility and good industrial prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for separating fine copper wires from plastics provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Unless otherwise specified, the percentages in the following examples are percentages by mass. The silicon content of the ferrosilicon powder used in the following examples was 15% by mass.
Example 1
The mixed material comes from a plastic regeneration factory in the city of mansion in Fujian province, the main impurities in the plastic are fine iron sheets and fine copper wires, and the mass ratio of the metal impurities is about 0.3%. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid material is treated and plastics and metals are recovered using the following process:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material by using iron removal equipment, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is 2500Gs, and obtaining a mixed iron product and a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing and screening the low-iron material obtained in the step (1), wherein the size of a screened sieve pore is 40mm, and loose crushed materials with the granularity suitable for sorting are obtained;
(3) carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed aggregates obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of water to ferrosilicon powder in the dense medium liquid is 1:1.1, the specific gravity of the dense medium liquid is about 1.8, and the dense medium separation is carried out to obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid obtained in the step (3), wherein the size of a screening hole of the screening and grading is 2mm, so as to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly reused in a heavy medium sorting process, and metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning and washing on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material obtained in the step (4), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 25kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.30W/cm2Respectively obtaining a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water generated by cleaning materials;
(6) carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water obtained in the step (5), recovering heavy medium components in the tail water, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 3200Gs, and obtaining recycling heavy medium components which can be recycled for heavy medium separation and magnetic separation tail water after the magnetic separation;
(7) and (4) pumping the magnetic separation tail water obtained in the step (6) into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and purification, wherein the sedimentation time is 4 hours, so as to obtain circulating water which can be reused for heavy medium separation or cleaning processes.
Through the process, the metal content of the finally obtained plastic product can be reduced to be less than 0.01 per thousand, the loss rate of the plastic is 5.1 percent, and the fine copper wires are basically and completely enriched in the metal product.
Example 2
The mixed material comes from a certain garbage disposal station in Yang-opening city of Guangdong province, the main impurities in the plastic are fine copper wires, and the mass percentage of the metal impurities is about 0.2%. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid material is treated and plastics and metals are recovered using the following process:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material by using iron removal equipment, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is 3500Gs, and obtaining a mixed iron product and a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing and screening the low-iron material obtained in the step (1), wherein the size of a screened sieve pore is 30mm, and loose crushed materials with the granularity suitable for sorting are obtained;
(3) carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed aggregates obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of water to ferrosilicon powder in the dense medium liquid is 1:1.5, the specific gravity of the dense medium liquid is about 2.0, and the dense medium separation is carried out to obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid obtained in the step (3), wherein the size of a screening hole of the screening and grading is 1mm, so as to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly reused in a heavy medium sorting process, and metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning and washing on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material obtained in the step (4), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 30kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.40W/cm2Respectively obtaining a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water generated by cleaning materials;
(6) carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water obtained in the step (5), recovering heavy medium components in the tail water, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 3000Gs, and obtaining recycling heavy medium components which can be recycled for heavy medium separation and magnetic separation tail water after the magnetic separation;
(7) and (4) pumping the magnetic separation tail water obtained in the step (6) into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation purification, wherein the sedimentation time is 6 hours, so as to obtain circulating water which can be reused for heavy medium separation or cleaning processes.
Through the process, the metal content of the finally obtained plastic product can be reduced to be less than 0.01 per thousand, the loss rate of the plastic is 2.4 percent, and the fine copper wires are basically and completely enriched in the metal product.
Example 3
The mixed material comes from a plastic recycling station in the river source city of Guangdong province, the main impurities in the plastic are iron wires and thin copper wires, and the mass percentage of the metal impurities is about 0.12%. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid material is treated and plastics and metals are recovered using the following process:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material by using iron removal equipment, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is 2800Gs, and obtaining a mixed iron product and a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing, checking and screening the low-iron material obtained in the step (1), wherein the size of a screened mesh is 50mm, and obtaining loose crushed materials with the granularity suitable for sorting;
(3) carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed aggregates obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of water to ferrosilicon powder in the dense medium liquid is 1:1.3, the specific gravity of the dense medium liquid is about 1.92, and the dense medium separation is carried out to obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid obtained in the step (3), wherein the size of a screening hole of the screening and grading is 1.5mm, so as to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly reused in a heavy medium sorting process, and metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning and washing on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material obtained in the step (4), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 32kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.42W/cm2, so as to respectively obtain a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water generated by cleaning the materials;
(6) carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water obtained in the step (5), recovering heavy medium components in the tail water, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 3600Gs, and obtaining circulating heavy medium components which can be recycled for heavy medium separation and magnetic separation tail water after the magnetic separation;
(7) and (4) pumping the magnetic separation tail water obtained in the step (6) into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation purification, wherein the sedimentation time is 5.5 hours, so as to obtain circulating water which can be reused for the heavy medium separation or cleaning process.
Through the process, the metal content of the finally obtained plastic product can be reduced to be less than 0.01 per thousand, the loss rate of the plastic is 1.8 percent, and the fine copper wires are basically and completely enriched in the metal product.
Example 4
The mixed material comes from a plastic recycling station in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, the main impurities in the plastic are thin copper wires, and the mass percentage of the metal impurities is about 0.04%. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid material is treated and plastics and metals are recovered using the following process:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material by using iron removal equipment, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is 2500Gs, and obtaining a mixed iron product and a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing, checking and screening the low-iron material obtained in the step (1), wherein the size of a screened mesh is 45mm, and obtaining loose crushed materials with the granularity suitable for sorting;
(3) carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed aggregates obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of water to ferrosilicon powder in the dense medium liquid is 1:1.3, the specific gravity of the dense medium liquid is about 1.92, and the dense medium separation is carried out to obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid obtained in the step (3), wherein the size of a screening hole of the screening and grading is 1.5mm, so as to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly reused in a heavy medium sorting process, and metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning and washing on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material obtained in the step (4), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 28kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.35W/cm2Respectively obtaining a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water generated by cleaning materials;
(6) carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water obtained in the step (5), recovering heavy medium components in the tail water, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 4000Gs, and obtaining circulating heavy medium components which can be recycled for heavy medium separation and magnetic separation tail water after the magnetic separation;
(7) and (4) pumping the magnetic separation tail water obtained in the step (6) into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and purification, wherein the sedimentation time is 5.5 hours, so as to obtain circulating water which can be reused in a separation or cleaning process.
Through the process, the metal content of the finally obtained plastic product can be reduced to below 0.01 per thousand, the loss rate of the plastic is 0.9 percent, and the fine copper wires are basically and completely enriched in the metal product.
Example 5
The mixed material comes from a plastic recycling station in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, the main impurities in the plastic are iron fragments and thin copper wires, and the mass percentage of the metal impurities is about 0.33%. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid material is treated and plastics and metals are recovered using the following process:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material by using iron removal equipment, wherein the magnetic induction intensity is 2500Gs, and obtaining a mixed iron product and a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing, checking and screening the low-iron material obtained in the step (1), wherein the size of a screened mesh is 45mm, and obtaining loose crushed materials with the granularity suitable for sorting;
(3) carrying out dense medium separation on the loose crushed aggregates obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of water to ferrosilicon powder in the dense medium liquid is 1:1.3, the specific gravity of the dense medium liquid is about 1.92, and the dense medium separation is carried out to obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) respectively screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid obtained in the step (3), wherein the size of a screening hole of the screening and grading is 1.5mm, so as to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly reused in a heavy medium sorting process, and metal coarse materials and plastic coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning and washing on the metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material obtained in the step (4), wherein the ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 35kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.45W/cm2Respectively obtaining a metal product, a plastic product and cleaning tail water generated by cleaning materials;
(6) carrying out magnetic separation on the cleaning tail water obtained in the step (5), recovering heavy medium components in the tail water, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 4000Gs, and obtaining circulating heavy medium components which can be recycled for heavy medium separation and magnetic separation tail water after the magnetic separation;
(7) and (4) pumping the magnetic separation tail water obtained in the step (6) into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and purification, wherein the sedimentation time is 5.5 hours, so as to obtain circulating water which can be reused in a separation or cleaning process.
Through the process, the metal content of the finally obtained plastic product can be reduced to be less than 0.01 per thousand, the loss rate of the plastic is 1.3 percent, and the fine copper wires are basically and completely enriched in the metal product.
Claims (8)
1. A method of separating fine copper wire from plastic, comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out magnetic separation and iron removal pretreatment on the mixed material mixed with the fine copper wires and the plastics by using iron removal equipment, and removing large-size iron materials in the mixed material to obtain a low-iron material;
(2) shearing, crushing and screening the low-iron material to obtain loose crushed materials;
(3) mixing the loose crushed aggregates with heavy medium liquid, and carrying out heavy medium separation to respectively obtain low specific gravity liquid rich in plastics and high specific gravity liquid containing metal components;
(4) screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid respectively to obtain a circulating heavy medium liquid which can be directly recycled for heavy medium sorting treatment, returning to the step (3) to be used as the heavy medium liquid, and screening and grading the low specific gravity liquid and the high specific gravity liquid respectively to obtain plastic coarse materials and metal coarse materials with heavy medium components remained on the surfaces;
(5) respectively carrying out ultrasonic surface cleaning on the obtained metal coarse material and the plastic coarse material to obtain a metal product and a plastic product, and carrying out next treatment on cleaning tail water obtained by cleaning; the metal product mainly comprises fine copper wires, and the metal content in the plastic product is less than 0.01 per thousand;
(6) and carrying out magnetic separation on the washing tail water, recovering heavy medium components in the washing tail water, collecting the heavy medium components to obtain recyclable heavy medium components, allowing the magnetic separation tail water after magnetic separation to enter a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and purification, and allowing the purified water to be used for heavy medium separation and/or ultrasonic surface cleaning treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the magnetic induction intensity used for magnetic separation iron removal is 2500-3500 Gs.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the sieve has a mesh size of 30 to 50 mm.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the heavy medium liquid used for heavy medium separation is a mixed liquid of a heavy medium component and water, the heavy medium component is ferrosilicon powder, the content of silicon in the ferrosilicon powder is 10-20% by mass, preferably 15%, and the weight ratio of the heavy medium component to the water in the heavy medium liquid is as follows: and (1.1-1.5) mixing water and ferrosilicon powder.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the size of the screen hole of the screening classification is 1-2 mm.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic surface cleaning is 25 to 35kHz, and the ultrasonic intensity is 0.30 to 0.45W/cm2。
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (6), the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation is 3000-4000 Gs.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in the step (6), the precipitation purification time is 4-6 hours.
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