CN111482716A

CN111482716A - Vision laser cutting head

Info

Publication number: CN111482716A
Application number: CN202010407814.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢琳; 李琪强
Original assignee: Shanghai Bosi Automation Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Bosi Automation Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-14
Filing date: 2020-05-14
Publication date: 2020-08-04

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly discloses a visual laser cutting head which comprises a visual mechanism, a cutting head body and a nozzle. The cutting head body is provided with a cavity and used for guiding laser beams to the nozzle; the nozzle has an opening for outputting the laser beam to the processing area; the visual mechanism comprises an image acquisition unit and a visible light transmission structure, the visible light transmission structure comprises a light transmission channel and a beam combining mirror, the light emergent end of the light transmission channel is connected with the image acquisition unit, the light incident end of the light transmission channel is communicated with the cavity, the beam combining mirror is arranged in the cavity and forms an acute angle with the transmission direction of the laser beam in the cavity, and the beam combining mirror can enable laser to pass through and can reflect the visible light entering the cavity from the opening of the nozzle to the image acquisition unit. The vision laser cutting head provided by the invention solves the problems that a vision mechanism is difficult to install and easy to damage by sparks, and the integration level of the cutting head body and the vision mechanism is low.

Description

Vision laser cutting head

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a visual laser cutting head.

Background

The laser processing is an advanced manufacturing technology, has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, high quality, wide range, energy conservation, environmental protection and capability of realizing flexible processing and superfine processing, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronic circuits, electric appliances, aerospace, ferrous metallurgy, mechanical manufacturing and the like. When laser is actually used for various machining applications, the laser cutting head is generally required to shape a corresponding light path of laser emitted by a laser, and then the laser cutting head can be applied to machining.

In order to detect the processing condition of the laser cutting head to the plate rapidly in the prior art, such as the perforation condition and the cutting condition, a camera is often arranged on one side of the laser cutting head. The camera can gather the image that the laser cutting head cut or punched the region to can real-time detection laser cutting head to the processing condition of panel, with the work efficiency who improves laser equipment.

The defect of the prior art lies in that firstly, laser can produce the phenomenon that the spark spatters all around in laser cutting process, in order to avoid burning the staff, can set up the baffle near laser cutting head, for avoiding the baffle can shelter from the field of vision of camera, the arrangement position and the arrangement angle that need adjustment camera repeatedly cause the camera installation difficulty. Secondly, the lens of the camera is exposed outside, so that the lens is easily damaged by sparks to cause loss; thirdly, the integration level of the camera and the laser cutting head is low, and the occupied space is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a visual laser cutting head, which aims to solve the problems that a visual mechanism is difficult to mount, is easy to be damaged by sparks and has low integration level of a cutting head body and the visual mechanism.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a vision laser cutting head comprising:

the cutting head comprises a cutting head body and a nozzle, wherein the cutting head body is provided with a cavity for laser beams to pass through and is used for guiding the laser beams to the nozzle; the nozzle has an opening that outputs the laser beam to a processing zone;

visual mechanism, including image acquisition unit and visible light transmission structure, visible light transmission structure includes light transmission passageway and beam combining mirror, light transmission passageway's light exit end with the image acquisition unit is connected, light transmission passageway's light incident end with the cavity intercommunication, beam combining mirror set up in the cavity, and with in the cavity the transmission direction of laser beam is the acute angle setting, beam combining mirror can make laser passes, and can with by the nozzle the opening enters into visible light reflection in the cavity extremely the image acquisition unit.

Preferably, the optical transmission channel comprises a first channel and a second channel which are communicated in an angle;

the vision mechanism further comprises:

and the plane reflector is arranged at the joint of the first channel and the second channel and used for reflecting the visible light reflected by the beam combiner to the image acquisition unit.

Preferably, the first channel and the second channel are perpendicular, the end of the first channel is connected with the cutting head body, and the extending direction of the second channel is consistent with the extending direction of the cavity.

Preferably, the visual mechanism further comprises:

and the filter is arranged in the light transmission channel and used for filtering the laser beam doped in the visible light.

Preferably, a mounting opening for mounting the plane mirror is formed in a wall of the visible light transmission channel, and a pressing plate abutted against the plane mirror is arranged at one end of the mounting opening, which is communicated with the outside.

Preferably, one end of the mounting opening close to the light transmission channel is provided with a step surface, and one end of the plane mirror far away from the pressing plate abuts against the step surface.

Preferably, an annular accommodating groove is formed in the inner wall of the cavity, and the beam combiner is accommodated in the annular accommodating groove.

Preferably, the visible light transmission structure further includes:

and the annular pressing ring is abutted to one end of the beam combining mirror, which is far away from the bottom of the accommodating groove, and is connected with the inner wall of the cavity.

Preferably, the cutting head body further comprises:

and the optical fiber collimating mechanism is communicated with the cavity and is positioned at one end of the cavity, which is far away from the nozzle, and is used for converting the laser beam into collimated light.

Preferably, a focusing mirror is arranged in the cavity and is located between the nozzle and the beam combining mirror.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the laser cutting processing area can enhance the brightness of the environment near the cutting, and the visible light is reflected to the image acquisition unit by the light transmission channel, so that the image acquisition unit can acquire the image of the processing area. The beam combining mirror can enable the laser beam to pass through, and therefore the processing of the processing area is not affected. The beam combining mirror can reflect visible light and is arranged at an acute angle with the transmission direction of the laser beam, so that the transmission direction of the visible light entering the cavity from the opening of the nozzle is changed, the image acquisition unit can receive the visible light and cannot interfere with the cutting head body, meanwhile, the visual mechanism is integrated to the cutting head body, and the visual laser cutting head is high in integration level and compact in structure. The image acquisition unit directly acquires the image of the processing area through the nozzle and the beam combiner, and only the angle of the beam combiner needs to be adjusted, so that the visible light enters the image acquisition unit after being reflected by the beam combiner to realize the image acquisition without additionally installing the image acquisition unit and adjusting the angle of the image acquisition unit. The cavity of the cutting head body in the prior art is internally provided with a protective lens for protecting components in the cavity, so that the lens of the image acquisition unit is also protected by the protective lens, and sparks cannot be splashed onto the lens.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a visual laser cutting head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vision laser cutting head provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the vision laser cutting head of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a vision laser cutting head provided by an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure:

1. a cutting head body; 11. a cavity; 12. an automatic focusing structure; 121. a focusing mirror; 13. an optical fiber collimating mechanism;

2. a nozzle;

3. a vision mechanism; 31. an optical transmission channel; 32. a beam combining mirror; 33. an image acquisition unit; 34. a plane mirror; 35. a filter plate; 36. pressing a plate; 37. and an annular pressing ring.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.

In the present invention, the terms of orientation such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner" and "outer" are used in the case where no description is made on the contrary, and these terms of orientation are used for easy understanding, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The embodiment provides a visual laser cutting head which is used in laser equipment and is used for outputting laser beams generated by a laser generator of the laser equipment to a processing area of a workpiece to perform operations such as cutting or punching on the workpiece.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a vision laser cutting head including a cutting head body 1, a nozzle 2, and a vision mechanism 3. The cutting head body 1 is a main component that integrates the laser beam generated by the laser generator into a desired laser beam and transmits the laser beam. The cutting head body 1 is opened with a cavity 11 through which a laser beam passes and serves to guide the laser beam to the nozzle 2. The nozzle 2 has an opening that communicates with the chamber 11 and is used to output a laser beam to the opening of the machining region. Preferably, the cutting head body 1 further comprises an optical fiber collimating mechanism 13, the optical fiber collimating mechanism 13 is communicated with the cavity 11 and is located at one end of the cavity 11 far away from the nozzle 2, and the optical fiber collimating mechanism 13 is used for converting the laser beam into collimated light. The specific structure and principle of the fiber alignment mechanism 13 are prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The cutting head body 1 may further include an autofocus structure 12, the autofocus structure 12 being for focusing collimated light to enable a focal point of the laser beam to be located on the machining zone, thereby generating a high temperature on the machining zone.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the vision mechanism 3 includes an image capturing unit 33 and a visible light transmission structure, and the image capturing unit 33 may be a camera or the like that can capture an image. The visible light transmission structure comprises a light transmission channel 31 and a beam combiner 32, wherein the light emitting end of the light transmission channel 31 is connected with the image acquisition unit 33, the light incident end of the light transmission channel 31 is communicated with the cavity 11, the beam combiner 32 is arranged in the cavity 11 and is arranged at an acute angle with the transmission direction of the laser beam in the cavity 11, and the beam combiner 32 can enable laser to pass through and can reflect the visible light entering the cavity 11 from the opening of the nozzle 2 to the image acquisition unit 33. The specific structure and operation principle of the beam combiner 32 are prior art and will not be described herein.

The laser cutting processing area can enhance the brightness of the environment near the cutting, and the light transmission channel 31 reflects the visible light to the image acquisition unit 33, so that the image acquisition unit 33 can acquire the image of the processing area. The beam combiner 32 allows the laser beam to pass through and thus does not affect the processing of the processing region. The beam combining mirror 32 can reflect visible light and is arranged at an acute angle with the transmission direction of the laser beam, so that the transmission direction of the visible light entering the cavity 11 from the opening of the nozzle 2 is changed, the image acquisition unit 33 can receive the visible light and cannot interfere with the cutting head body 1, meanwhile, the vision mechanism 3 is integrated with the cutting head body 1, and the vision laser cutting head is high in degree of integration and compact in structure. The image acquisition unit 33 directly acquires the image of the processing area through the nozzle 2 and the beam combiner 32, and only the angle of the beam combiner 32 needs to be adjusted, so that the visible light is reflected by the beam combiner 32 and then enters the image acquisition unit 33 to realize the image acquisition, and the image acquisition unit 33 does not need to be additionally installed and the angle of the image acquisition unit 33 does not need to be adjusted. In the cavity 11 of the cutting head body 1 of the prior art, a protective lens for protecting components in the cavity 11 is provided, and therefore, the lens of the image capturing unit 33 is also protected by the protective lens, so that sparks are not splashed thereon.

As shown in fig. 2, the optical transmission channel 31 includes a first channel and a second channel that are in angular communication. Preferably, the end of the first channel is connected to the cutting head body 1, such that the end of the first channel remote from the second channel is a light incident end, and the end of the second channel remote from the first channel is a light exiting end. The vision mechanism 3 further includes a plane mirror 34, and the plane mirror 34 is disposed at a connection position of the first channel and the second channel, and is used for reflecting the visible light reflected by the beam combiner 32 to the image acquisition unit 33. The plane mirror 34 can change the transmission direction of the visible light again, so that the position of the image acquisition unit 33 can be reasonably arranged, the structure compactness of the visual laser cutting head is further improved, and the occupied space of the visual laser cutting head is reduced.

Because the cutting head body 1 is in a strip layout, the occupied space of the cutting head body 1 in the laser beam transmission direction is large, and in order to enable the layout of the vision mechanism 3 to be matched with the layout of the cutting head body 1, preferably, the first channel and the second channel are perpendicular, and the extending direction of the second channel is consistent with the extending direction of the cavity 11. Preferably, the plane mirror 34 and the beam combiner 32 are both at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of transmission of the laser beam.

As shown in fig. 3, in order to facilitate mounting of the plane mirror 34, a mounting opening for mounting the plane mirror 34 is opened in a wall of the visible light transmission path 31, and a pressing plate 36 abutting against the plane mirror 34 is provided at one end of the mounting opening communicating with the outside. When the plane mirror 34 is mounted, the plane mirror 34 is first placed at the mounting opening, and then the pressing plate 36 is pressed against the plane mirror 34. To facilitate the removal of the plane mirror 34, a pressing plate 36 may be attached to the outside of the wall of the visible light transmission channel 31 by a screw or the like.

In order to prevent the plane mirror 34 from moving into the light transmission channel 31, a step surface is provided at an end of the mounting opening close to the light transmission channel 31, and an end of the plane mirror 34 away from the pressing plate 36 abuts against the step surface.

For fixing the beam combining mirror 32, an annular accommodating groove is formed in the inner wall of the cavity 11, and the beam combining mirror 32 is accommodated in the annular accommodating groove and abuts against the bottom of the accommodating groove.

In order to improve the stability of the beam combining mirror 32, the visible light transmission structure further includes an annular pressing ring 37, and the annular pressing ring 37 abuts against one end of the beam combining mirror 32, which is far away from the bottom of the accommodating groove, and is connected with the inner wall of the cavity 11. Preferably, the annular pressing ring 37 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity 11 by a screw or the like.

In order to prevent a part of the laser light from entering the image capturing unit 33 after passing through the plane mirror 34, and thus causing the too high light intensity of the lens entering the image capturing unit 33 and damaging the lens, preferably, the vision mechanism 3 further includes a filter 35, the filter 35 is disposed in the light transmission channel 31 for filtering the laser beam doped in the visible light, and in this embodiment, the filter 35 is disposed between the image capturing unit 33 and the plane mirror 34.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the automatic focusing structure 12 includes a focusing mirror 121, and the focusing mirror 121 is disposed in the cavity 11 and located between the nozzle 2 and the beam combining mirror 32. In this embodiment, the focusing mirror 121 can also integrate the visible light into parallel light, so that the parallel visible light is transmitted to the beam combining mirror 32.

As shown in fig. 4, the visible light in the processing area enters the cavity 11 through the opening of the nozzle 2, the focusing mirror 121 shapes the visible light into parallel light, the beam combining mirror 32 reflects the parallel visible light to the plane reflecting mirror 34, the plane reflecting mirror 34 reflects the visible light to the filter 35, the filter 35 filters stray light, the visible light is received and imaged by the image acquisition unit 33, the control unit such as the upper computer can process the image acquired by the image acquisition unit 33, and the current cutting state is acquired in real time, so that the visual laser cutting head can perform multiple functions such as perforation detection, kerf detection or intelligent edge finding of the processing area. The automatic edge searching function helps a user to effectively, reasonably and conveniently know the range of the graph to be cut, and material waste is avoided. If any poor cutting condition occurs, human intervention can be timely carried out so as to avoid the extreme condition that the whole material is scrapped. The punching detection function can send signals to the upper computer in the moment that the processing area is penetrated by the laser beam, the upper computer can immediately perform subsequent processes after obtaining the signals, the reaction time after the punching is observed artificially is saved, the punching time is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the time of the laser beam acting on the processing area is reduced, the temperature rise of the processing area is small, and the influence on the microstructure of the processing area is reduced.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vision laser cutting head, comprising:

the cutting head comprises a cutting head body (1) and a nozzle (2), wherein the cutting head body (1) is provided with a cavity (11) for laser beams to pass through and is used for guiding the laser beams to the nozzle (2); the nozzle (2) has an opening that outputs the laser beam to a processing zone;

visual mechanism (3), including image acquisition unit (33) and visible light transmission structure, visible light transmission structure includes light transmission passageway (31) and beam combining mirror (32), the light exit end of light transmission passageway (31) with image acquisition unit (33) are connected, the light incident end of light transmission passageway (31) with cavity (11) intercommunication, beam combining mirror (32) set up in cavity (11), and with in cavity (11) the transmission direction of laser beam is the acute angle setting, beam combining mirror (32) can make laser passes, and can with by nozzle (2) the opening enters into visible light in cavity (11) reflects extremely image acquisition unit (33).

2. The vision laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that the light transmission channel (31) comprises a first and a second channel in angular communication;

the vision mechanism (3) further comprises:

and the plane reflector (34) is arranged at the joint of the first channel and the second channel and is used for reflecting the visible light reflected by the beam combiner (32) to the image acquisition unit (33).

3. The visual laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that said first channel, the end of which is connected to the cutting head body (1), and said second channel, the direction of extension of which coincides with the direction of extension of the cavity (11), are perpendicular.

4. The vision laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that the vision mechanism (3) further comprises:

a filter (35) disposed in the light transmission channel (31) for filtering the laser beam doped in the visible light.

5. The vision laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that the wall of the visible light transmission channel (31) is provided with a mounting opening for mounting the plane reflector (34), and one end of the mounting opening communicating with the outside is provided with a pressing plate (36) abutting against the plane reflector (34).

6. The vision laser cutting head according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the mounting mouth close to the light transmission channel (31) is provided with a step surface against which the end of the plane mirror (34) remote from the pressure plate (36) abuts.

7. The visual laser cutting head according to claim 1, wherein an annular receiving groove is provided on the inner wall of the cavity (11), the beam combiner (32) being received in the annular receiving groove.

8. The vision laser cutting head of claim 7 wherein the visible light transmission structure further comprises:

and the annular pressing ring (37) is abutted to one end, far away from the bottom of the accommodating groove, of the beam combining mirror (32) and is connected with the inner wall of the cavity (11).

9. The visual laser cutting head according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cutting head body (1) further comprises:

the optical fiber collimating mechanism (13) is communicated with the cavity (11) and is positioned at one end, far away from the nozzle (2), of the cavity (11), and the optical fiber collimating mechanism (13) is used for converting the laser beam into collimated light.

10. The visual laser cutting head according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that a focusing mirror (121) is arranged in the cavity (11), the focusing mirror (121) being located between the nozzle (2) and the beam combiner (32).