CN111481185A - Continuous blood pressure estimation device and method based on pre-ejection period - Google Patents
Continuous blood pressure estimation device and method based on pre-ejection period Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1101—Detecting tremor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7225—Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
Abstract
The invention provides a continuous blood pressure estimation method based on an early ejection period, which comprises the following steps of S101: collecting single-channel electrocardiosignals; s102: removing power frequency interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal; s103: respiratory and body movement interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal is removed; s104: acquiring an R point of an electrocardiographic waveform by a PT algorithm; s105: synchronously acquiring a heart shock signal; s106: removing respiratory and body motion interference in the heart shock signal; s107: searching characteristic points AO of the heart shock waveform backwards; s108: calculating the prophase of the ejection of blood; s109: blood pressure is estimated by training the model. The invention also provides a continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, which comprises a sensing unit, a microprocessor, a wireless communication module and a power supply module, wherein the finger-stall type photoelectric probe and an electrocardio lead wire connected with the finger-stall type photoelectric probe are eliminated, and a regression model is constructed for the detected heartbeat signals to estimate the blood pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular to a continuous blood pressure estimation device and method based on an early ejection period.
Background
According to data of 'Chinese cardiovascular disease report 2018', the prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases in China is in a continuously rising stage, at present, 2.9 hundred million cardiovascular disease patients are estimated to exist in China, and the death rate of the cardiovascular diseases is in the top position. Blood pressure is an effective index for evaluating human health, wherein hypertension is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Accurate measurement of blood pressure and diagnosis of hypertension are of great importance for early prevention of cardiovascular-related diseases, and reduction of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.
The current cuff blood pressure measurement method needs to be measured by binding the cuff on the arm in an inflation and deflation manner, wherein the inflation and deflation operation makes the method not suitable for continuous blood pressure measurement and wearable measurement scenes. The pulse wave arrival time (PAT) or pulse wave transmission time (PTT) which is of great interest is applied to estimate and initialize calibration through a model to obtain blood pressure parameters, but the method needs to wear an electrocardiograph lead wire and a fingerstall type photoelectric probe during measurement, and the compliance of the method to users is high.
Pre-ejection period (PEP) is a specific and sensitive parameter characterizing the sympathetic activity of the heart, which has a significant change in stress or physiological activity of the human body, and can be used as an effective replacement parameter for blood pressure monitoring. A continuous blood pressure estimation device and method based on an early ejection period are needed to detect the cardiovascular health of a user, simplify detection equipment worn by the user, and optimize a cardiovascular detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a continuous blood pressure estimation device and method based on the pre-ejection period, which can simplify the cardiovascular detection method and reduce the number of cardiovascular health detection devices for clients.
In order to achieve the above object, a method for continuous blood pressure estimation based on a pre-ejection period according to the present invention includes the steps of, S101: collecting single-channel electrocardiosignals; s102: removing power frequency interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal; s103: respiratory and body movement interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal is removed; s104: acquiring an R point of an electrocardiographic waveform by a PT algorithm; s105: synchronously acquiring a heart shock signal; s106: removing respiratory and body motion interference in the heart shock signal; s107: searching characteristic points AO of the heart shock waveform backwards; s108: calculating the prophase of ejection according to the R point of the electrocardio waveform and the characteristic point AO of the seismosis waveform; s109: blood pressure is estimated by training the model.
Further, in step S102, a 10-point moving average filter is used to remove power frequency interference.
Further, in step S103, an IIR filter or a digital band-pass FIR filter of 0.7 to 50Hz is used to remove the respiratory and body motion interference.
Furthermore, the heart-shaking signals are collected by a three-axis acceleration sensor.
Furthermore, in step S107, the local maximum point of the SCG signal within a time window of 20ms to 120ms after the R point of the electrocardiographic waveform is extracted as an AO feature point, and the sampling position information of the AO point of the feature point is recorded.
Further, in step S108, the pre-ejection period is a difference between the R point of the electrocardiographic waveform and the characteristic point AO of the seismoelectric waveform.
In S109, a log-linear model is constructed to estimate the blood pressure value, and the obtained prediction model formula is as follows:
BP＝a+b*ln(PEP)
where BP represents the blood pressure estimate, a and b are model parameters, and PEP is the pre-ejection period calculated in step S108.
The invention also provides a continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, which is designed for implementing the continuous blood pressure estimation method based on the pre-ejection period and comprises a sensing unit, a microprocessor, a wireless communication module and a power module, wherein the sensing unit, the microprocessor and the wireless communication module are electrically connected in sequence, and the power module is electrically connected with the sensing unit, the microprocessor and the wireless communication module.
Furthermore, the sensing unit comprises a three-axis acceleration sensor and two electrocardio electrodes.
Has the advantages that: 1. according to the continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, a fingerstall type photoelectric probe and an electrocardio lead wire connected with the fingerstall type photoelectric probe are eliminated, so that the number of devices for electrocardio detection is greatly reduced;
2. the invention relates to a continuous blood pressure estimation method based on an early ejection period, which is characterized in that a regression model is constructed for a detected heartbeat signal, and the blood pressure is estimated by substituting the difference value of sampling positions between an R point of an electrocardiogram waveform and a characteristic point AO of a heart-shaking waveform into the regression model.
Drawings
The present invention will be further described and illustrated with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous blood pressure estimation device based on a pre-ejection period;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing unit;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of continuous blood pressure estimation based on pre-ejection period;
fig. 4 is an ECG and BCG signal comparison legend.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be more clearly and completely explained by the description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a continuous blood pressure estimating device based on a pre-ejection period, which includes a sensing unit 102, a microprocessor 103, a wireless communication module 104 and a power module 101, wherein the sensing unit 102, the microprocessor 103 and the wireless communication module 104 are electrically connected in sequence, and the power module 101 is electrically connected to the sensing unit 102, the microprocessor 103 and the wireless communication module 104.
The sensing unit 102 includes a three-axis acceleration sensor of which model is MPU6050, 9250, or the like. The sensing unit 102 further includes two identical electrocardiograph electrodes 11020 and 21022, which are respectively located at two sides of the acceleration sensor 1021, and the installation position relationship is shown in fig. 2. The sensing unit 102 is carried by manufacturing a flexible substrate, and is attached to the chest part of a tested person to realize signal acquisition, and acquired signal components comprise electrocardiosignals acquired by two electrodes and triaxial acceleration signals acquired by an acceleration sensor 1021 (a triaxial acceleration sensor).
The microprocessor 103 may be chips such as STM32M series, CC2640, FPGA, etc., and mainly plays a role of data processing, and in this embodiment, a CC2640 chip is used.
The wireless communication module 104 may be embedded in the CC2640 chip, and the wireless communication module 104 may also adopt an external integrated communication module, for example, a HC08 bluetooth chip, a WIFI module of the ESP8266 series, and the like.
The power module 101 provides power for the operations of the sensing unit 102, the microprocessor 103, and the wireless communication module 104.
The invention also provides a continuous blood pressure estimation method based on the pre-ejection period, which comprises the following steps,
as shown in fig. 3, step S101: single channel cardiac electrical signals (ECG signals) are acquired. The single-channel electrocardiosignal is obtained through the continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, and then is amplified by taking a low-power consumption analog front end AFE4900 chip as an amplification unit of a weak bioelectricity signal, and the content of an original signal is not influenced by the amplification of the electrocardiosignal. The single-channel electrocardiosignal comprises power frequency interference, human respiration, body movement and other noises.
Step S102: and power frequency interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal is removed. The sampling frequency of the electrocardiosignals collected by the embodiment of the invention is 250Hz, and the interference information is removed by adopting a 10-point moving average filter. The electrocardiosignal is connected to the input port of the 10-point moving average filter through a data line, and then the signal without the interference is connected out from the outlet of the 10-point moving average filter.
Step S103: the respiratory and body movement interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal is removed. In the embodiment of the invention, the signal obtained in the step S102 is passed through an IIR filter with the passband frequency of 0.7-50Hz to remove the two interferences, and the filter can be a digital band-pass FIR filter, a wavelet filter, EMD mode decomposition and the like.
Step S104: the PT algorithm acquires the R point of the electrocardiographic waveform. The electrocardiographic signal comprises a P wave, a QRS complex, a T wave, etc., wherein the amplitude of the QRS complex is more obvious than the amplitudes of other waves, as shown in the first waveform of fig. 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, a PT (Pan & Tompkins) algorithm is used to extract the sampling position information of the R wave. The QRS complex reflects changes in left and right ventricular depolarization potential and time, with the first downward wave being the Q wave, the upward wave being the R wave, and the next downward wave being the S wave. By means of the PT algorithm, the sampling point position of the corresponding electrocardiographic waveform at the peak point of the R wave is obtained (the position of the vertical dotted line corresponding to the first wave band in FIG. 4).
Step S105: the seismic signals (SCG signals) are acquired synchronously. The heart-shake signal is obtained by the three-axis acceleration sensor 1021 in the continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, and the heart-shake signal is acquired simultaneously with the single-channel electrocardio-signal in the step S1O 1. The cardiac signal (SCG signal) in this embodiment is represented as the sum of squares of three-axis accelerations measured by the continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period, or the cardiac signal may be any one-axis acceleration signal, the three-axis acceleration sensor 1021 is of a piezoelectric structure, and the vibrations generated by the cardiac signal are converted into electrical signals through the piezoelectric structure. Specifically, the acceleration generated by the vibration in the three-dimensional space acts on the three-axis acceleration sensor 1021, and the three-axis acceleration sensor 1021 converts the cardiac signal into an electrical signal.
Step S106: respiratory and body motion disturbances in the cardiac signal are removed. And (5) removing the respiration and body movement interference in the heart-shaking signals by an IIR filter with the passband frequency of 0.7-50Hz in the mode of the step S103.
Step S107: and searching characteristic points AO of the heart shock waveform. Specifically, according to strict synchronism among all signals, an AO feature point in an SCG signal is searched backwards through an ECG signal R wave, as shown in a second wave band of FIG. 4, the backward search is expressed by extracting a local maximum value point of the SCG signal in a 20ms-120ms time window after the ECG signal R wave as the AO feature point and recording sampling position information of the feature point.
S108: and calculating the prophase of ejection according to the R point of the electrocardio waveform and the characteristic point AO of the heart-shake waveform. Specifically, the difference value of the sampling positions of the R point of the electrocardiogram signal ECG and the AO point of the earthquake signal SCG (the difference value is between 20ms and 120 ms).
S109: blood pressure is estimated by training the model.
Specifically, a blood pressure value synchronously acquired by a sphygmomanometer of the company cis-Tai in America is used as a true value of blood pressure, a parameter PEP is obtained by an electrocardiosignal and an acceleration signal which are synchronously acquired, and a logarithmic linear model is constructed to estimate the blood pressure value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the flow of data acquisition is as follows: before starting to collect data, each tested person is required to do riding movement for 2 minutes to raise the blood pressure, then the tested person is allowed to sit still, and the ECG, SCG signal and reference real blood pressure of the tested person are synchronously collected. The data acquisition process lasts for 20 minutes, the human body reference blood pressure value is recorded every 2 minutes in the first 10 minutes, 5 groups of reference blood pressure values are acquired in total, and the human body reference blood pressure value is recorded every minute in the last 10 minutes. Training the data set obtained above to obtain the following formula:
BP＝a+b*ln(PEP)
where BP represents the blood pressure estimate, a and b are model parameters, and PEP is the pre-ejection period calculated in step S108. Where a, b are coefficients obtained by fitting the true blood pressure values and PEP values.
The specific operation flow is as follows: in this embodiment, for example, the SPSS software may be used for fitting, and after the PEP values corresponding to one another and the actual values BP values corresponding to the PEP values are input into the SPSS software, the formula on which the SPSS software depends is as described above
BP＝a+b*ln(PEP)，
PEP is the independent variable and BP is the dependent variable.
A plurality of PEP values and a plurality of BP values input into the above formula form an equation set, so that the SPSS software can calculate the values of a and b by itself. Thus, the value SPSS of a and b in the formula BP + b ln (pep) is known. When subsequently estimated again, a subsequent estimate, e.g. PEP' (argument), is input
BP + b × ln (PEP), the predicted value BP '(dependent variable) corresponding to PEP' at that time is obtained.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the continuous blood pressure estimation device based on the pre-ejection period is adopted, so that the use of a fingerstall type photoelectric probe and a series of electric wires for realizing the fingerstall type photoelectric probe are avoided, and the pressure born by the body of a user when the user wears the equipment is reduced;
2. the invention relates to a continuous blood pressure estimation method based on an early ejection period, which is characterized in that a regression model is constructed for a detected heartbeat signal, and the blood pressure is estimated by substituting the difference value of sampling positions between an R point of an electrocardiogram waveform and a characteristic point AO of a heart-shaking waveform into the regression model.
The above detailed description merely describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A continuous blood pressure estimation method based on the pre-ejection period is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s101: collecting single-channel electrocardiosignals;
s102: removing power frequency interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal;
s103: respiratory and body movement interference in the single-channel electrocardiosignal is removed;
s104: acquiring an R point of an electrocardiographic waveform by a PT algorithm;
s105: synchronously acquiring a heart shock signal;
s106: removing respiratory and body motion interference in the heart shock signal;
s107: searching characteristic points AO of the heart shock waveform backwards;
s108: calculating the prophase of ejection according to the R point of the electrocardio waveform and the characteristic point A0 of the seismographic waveform;
s109: blood pressure is estimated by training the model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S102, a 10-point moving average filter is used to remove power frequency interference.
3. The method for continuous blood pressure estimation based on the pre-ejection period as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S103, an IIR filter or a digital band-pass FIR filter with 0.7-50Hz is used to remove the respiratory and body motion interference.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cardiac shock signal is acquired using a three-axis accelerometer.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S107, the local maximum point of the SCG signal within a time window of 20ms to 120ms after the R point of the electrocardiographic waveform is extracted as an AO feature point, and the sampling position information of the a0 point of the feature point is recorded.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-ejection period is a difference between the R point of the electrocardiographic waveform and the sampling position of the feature point A0 of the seismometric waveform in step S108.
7. The method for continuous blood pressure estimation based on the pre-ejection period as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S109, a log-linear model is constructed to estimate the blood pressure value, and the obtained prediction formula is expressed as:
BP＝a+b*ln(PEP)
where BP represents the blood pressure estimate, a and b are model parameters, and PEP is the pre-ejection period calculated in step S108.
8. The device for continuous blood pressure estimation based on the pre-ejection period, which is designed for the method for continuous blood pressure estimation based on the pre-ejection period according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprises a sensing unit, a microprocessor, a wireless communication module and a power module, wherein the sensing unit, the microprocessor and the wireless communication module are electrically connected in sequence, and the power module is electrically connected with the sensing unit, the microprocessor and the wireless communication module.
9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the sensing unit comprises a three-axis acceleration sensor and two ECG electrodes.
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