CN111477895B - Composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structure function, preparation method thereof and application thereof in flow battery - Google Patents
Composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structure function, preparation method thereof and application thereof in flow battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structure and function, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a flow battery. Adding the synthesized elastic carbonaceous microspheres into a mixed solution of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and uniformly mixing to obtain a spinning solution; spinning by using the spinning solution to obtain original polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers; and carrying out pre-oxidation treatment and carbonization treatment on the obtained original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber to obtain a target product. The active polarization caused by charge transfer resistance, ohmic polarization caused by contact resistance and concentration polarization caused by mass transfer can be effectively reduced by applying the active polarization to the electrode material of the flow battery, so that the energy efficiency, the power density and the cycle life of the battery are improved. The method is simple, easy to operate, universal, capable of carrying out targeted design on material structures and functions according to different requirements, and wide in application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery materials and energy storage, in particular to a composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structural functions, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a flow battery.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like, corresponding energy storage matching equipment is paid more and more attention. Compared with other energy storage technologies, vanadium flow batteries, iron-chromium flow batteries, organic flow batteries and the like have the outstanding advantages of large storage capacity, long service life, safety, reliability and the like, and become a preferred technology for large-scale energy storage.
The porous electrode, which serves as a site for the electrochemical reaction of the flow battery to occur, determines, to a large extent, the battery performance and system efficiency. The electrode material of the flow battery is usually a carbon fiber-based porous medium, and important physical and chemical processes can occur inside the electrode during the operation of the battery. The physical and chemical properties of the carbon fiber electrode, such as conductivity, fiber diameter, pore size, permeability, specific surface area, and hydrophilic property, can affect the mass transfer process of the electrolyte on the electrode and the electrode reaction process at the same time. Currently, the most widely used electrode material for flow batteries is commercial carbon felt. As a cheap carbon fiber material, the material has the advantages of excellent mechanical property, high conductivity, good stability and the like. However, the performance of the flow battery is difficult to further improve due to the limitations of its electrochemical activity and inherent structure. The electrochemical activity of the electrode determines the working current and the reaction efficiency of the electrode; the intrinsic properties, such as conductivity, porosity, etc., are directly related to the ohmic polarization and concentration polarization of the cell. Research has shown that ohmic polarization and concentration polarization have more significant influence on the efficiency of the cell compared with the electrochemical polarization of the cell, and the targeted optimization design of the electrode structure is the key for further improving the performance of the flow cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the research bottleneck of the porous electrode structure of the current flow battery, the invention aims to provide a novel composite carbon fiber electrode material which can be comprehensively regulated and controlled in structural function and can be practically applied. The material integrates excellent mechanical elasticity, rich pore structure, good electrochemical reaction activity and conductivity, and can realize comprehensive optimization of the pore structure and the reaction activity to obtain a high-performance electrode material with highly matched attributes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structure and function is a three-dimensional porous material formed by tightly combining elastic carbon microspheres and carbon fiber yarns.
Furthermore, the composite carbon fiber electrode material with the adjustable structure and function, the elastic carbon microspheres and the carbon fiber yarns are tightly combined in an embedded form to form the bead string type three-dimensional porous material.
The preparation method of the composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structural functions comprises the following steps:
1) Adding the elastic carbonaceous microspheres into a mixed solution of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and uniformly mixing to obtain a spinning solution;
2) Spinning by using the spinning solution to obtain original polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers;
3) Pre-oxidation treatment: flattening the obtained original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber by using a corundum plate, placing the flattened original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber in a tubular furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 0.5-5 h at the temperature of 250-350 ℃ in air atmosphere;
4) Carbonizing treatment: heating the tube furnace to 800-1500 ℃, and carrying out heat treatment for 1-5 h in the nitrogen or argon atmosphere to obtain the target product.
Further, in the preparation method, step 1), the elastic carbonaceous microspheres include nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres synthesized by a micro-emulsion method, graphene aerogel microspheres synthesized by electrostatic spraying, or elastic carbonaceous microspheres synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis.
Furthermore, in the preparation method, in the step 1), the elastic carbonaceous microspheres have two-dimensional or three-dimensional pore channel structures inside, and the particle size of the microspheres is 50-20 μm.
Further, in the preparation method, step 1), the mixed solution of polyacrylonitrile PAN and N, N-dimethylformamide DMF contains 8-15% by mass of polyacrylonitrile PAN.
Further, in the preparation method, step 1), the spinning solution contains the elastic carbonaceous microspheres and polyacrylonitrile in a mass ratio of = 1: 5-100.
Further, the preparation method, step 2), includes electrostatic spinning and wet spinning.
Further, in the above preparation method, the electrostatic spinning conditions are as follows: the voltage is 15-25 kV, the receiving distance is 10-14 cm, the advancing speed is 40-100 mu L/min, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, the humidity is 40-60 RH percent, and the spinning time is 1-10 h.
The composite carbon fiber electrode material with the adjustable and controllable structure function, which is prepared by the invention, is applied to the flow battery.
Further, the flow battery comprises an all-vanadium flow battery, an iron-chromium flow battery or an organic flow battery.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. the invention provides a composite carbon fiber electrode material with comprehensively regulated and controlled structural functions, which comprises elastic carbonaceous microspheres and carbon fiber yarns; by adjusting the particle size of the elastic carbonaceous microspheres and the proportion of the elastic carbonaceous microspheres in the fibers, the surface state and the structural properties of the electrode can be comprehensively regulated and controlled, so that the high-performance electrode material with the collaborative optimization of various physicochemical properties is obtained.
2. The method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, low cost and easy regulation and control, and has definite guiding significance for preparing electrode materials with different requirements.
3. The composite carbon fiber electrode material with comprehensively regulated and controlled structural functions provided by the invention adopts the elastic carbonaceous microspheres which have elasticity, good conductivity and reaction activity; the carbon fiber yarn has high electrochemical reaction activity, high conductivity and certain mechanical strength. By adjusting the proportion of the elastic carbonaceous microspheres in the spinning solution, the comprehensive regulation and control of the pore structure and the surface characteristics of the fiber material are realized, and the high-performance porous electrode material with different structures and functions is obtained.
4. The composite carbon fiber electrode material provided by the invention has comprehensively adjustable and controllable structural functions, and the diameter of the obtained fiber is 100 nm-10 mu m. The conductivity of the obtained composite carbon fiber electrode material is more than 100S/cm, and the porosity is more than 50%. The thickness of the obtained composite carbon fiber electrode material is 20 mu m-7 mm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a blank carbon fiber electrode material (a) and a 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material (b) prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the blank carbon fiber electrode material and the 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material prepared in example 1 in a vanadium electrolyte.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1 composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structural function
Preparation of nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres
The method for synthesizing the nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres by adopting a microemulsion method comprises the following steps:
1) Sequentially adding chitin powder with NaOH, HCl and NaClO 2 Washing and purifying the aqueous solution, and drying for later use.
2) Taking 7g of purified chitin powder, placing in 200g of NaOH/urea/water (mass ratio: 11) at-30 ℃ for 4h, and thawing; freezing and thawing twice, centrifuging and degassing to obtain chitin dispersion liquid.
3) 280g of isooctane and 10g of span 85 are mixed, stirred at 2000 rpm for 20min and dispersed uniformly. Placing the obtained dispersion liquid in an ice-water bath, dropwise adding the chitin dispersion liquid obtained in the step 2) under the condition of keeping the temperature at 0 ℃, and stirring at high speed of 2000 rpm for 45min to obtain a mixed liquid.
4) Adding 5g of Tween 85 and 8g of isooctane into the mixed solution obtained in the step 3), and continuing stirring for 45min. Stirring is then continued for 60min in a boiling water bath to induce the formation of chitin cellulose microspheres. Then, hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 10% was added to neutralize the sodium hydroxide. Standing and filtering, and washing the obtained product to be neutral by using ethanol and deionized water in sequence so as to remove residual isooctane, tween 85 and span 85. Centrifuging the obtained product at 4000 rpm for 10min, soaking in tert-butanol for 7 hr, repeating the centrifuging-soaking process for 5 times, freezing the obtained product with liquid nitrogen, and freeze-drying under vacuum condition to obtain chitin cellulose microsphere.
5) And (3) putting the chitin cellulose microspheres obtained in the step 4) into a tube furnace, carbonizing at 1000 ℃ for 2h in Ar atmosphere, naturally cooling, washing with hydrochloric acid and deionized water respectively, and drying at 50 ℃ for 24 h to obtain the nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres.
(II) preparation of composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable and controllable structural function
1) And dissolving the dried Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder with the molecular weight of 90000 in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to prepare PAN/DMF electrospinning precursor solution with the mass percentage concentration of polyacrylonitrile of 14 wt%.
2) Adding 0.07g, 0.14g, 0.35g and 0.7g of dried nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres into 50g of PAN/DMF electrospinning precursor solution with the mass percentage concentration of polyacrylonitrile being 14wt%, and stirring for 8 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain spinning stock solutions with the mass ratios of the nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres to polyacrylonitrile being 1# -100, 1.
3) Respectively absorbing the PAN/DMF electrospinning precursor solution and the 1# -4 # spinning stock solution into a sample injector of an electrostatic spinning device for electrostatic spinning. Electrostatic spinning conditions: the voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the advancing speed is 100 mu L/min, the temperature is 30 ℃, the humidity is 40RH%, and the spinning time is 10h, so that blank original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, 1# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, 2# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, 3# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber and 4# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber are respectively obtained.
4) Pre-oxidation treatment: and flattening the obtained blank original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, the 1# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, the 2# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber, the 3# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber and the 4# original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber by using corundum plates respectively, placing the flat products in a tubular furnace, and carrying out heat treatment at 280 ℃ for 30min in an air atmosphere.
5) Carbonizing treatment: and (4) placing the sample subjected to the pre-oxidation treatment in a tube furnace, and introducing nitrogen for 10min. And (3) carrying out heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 2h, cooling, and taking out the sample from the corundum plate to finally obtain a blank carbon fiber electrode material, a 1# composite carbon fiber electrode material, a 2# composite carbon fiber electrode material, a 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material and a 4# composite carbon fiber electrode material.
The thickness of the obtained blank carbon fiber electrode material is 0.2mm; electron conductivity of about 100S/cm; the porosity is 60%; the specific surface area is 70m 2 (iv) g; the contact angle was about 120 ° for hydrophilicity test.
The thickness of the obtained 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material is 1mm; the electron conductivity is about 130S/cm; the porosity is 80%; the specific surface area is 200m 2 (iv) g; hydrophilicity test, contact angle is about 55 °.
As shown in FIG. 1, the diameter of the obtained blank carbon fiber electrode material (a in FIG. 1) is about 400nm, the surface is smooth, and the fibers are mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional network structure. The diameter of the obtained 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material (b in figure 1) is 100-500nm, and microspheres with the diameter of a few microns are embedded among fibers.
Example 2 electrochemical Properties of composite carbon fiber electrode Material with controllable Structure and function
The method comprises the following steps: 1cm prepared as in example 1, respectively, using a three-electrode system 2 The blank carbon fiber electrode material and the 3# composite carbon fiber electrode material with adjustable structural functions are taken as working electrodes, the saturated calomel electrode is taken as a reference electrode, a platinum sheet is taken as a counter electrode, and 0.1M VOSO 4 +2.0M H 2 SO 4 And (3) for the electrolyte, observing the electrochemical performance of the electrode by using cyclic voltammetry, wherein the sweep rate is 5mV/s.
As shown in FIG. 2, two pairs of redox peaks, corresponding to V, appear on the surfaces of both electrodes 4+ /V 5+ And V 2+ /V 3+ The electrochemical redox process of (1). The composite carbon fiber electrode with the adjustable and controllable structure and function shows larger peak current and smaller peak potential difference, which shows that the electrode material has higher reaction activity on the redox reaction of vanadium ions, and the reaction is related to larger electrochemical reaction area and more excellent electrochemical catalytic activity of the material.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the composite carbon fiber electrode material with the adjustable and controllable structural function in the flow battery is characterized in that the preparation method of the composite carbon fiber electrode material with the adjustable and controllable structural function comprises the following steps:
1) Adding the elastic carbonaceous microspheres into a mixed solution of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and uniformly mixing to obtain a spinning solution;
the elastic carbonaceous microspheres comprise nitrogen-doped chitin cellulose elastic carbonaceous microspheres synthesized by a micro-emulsion method, graphene aerogel microspheres synthesized by electrostatic spraying or elastic carbonaceous microspheres synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis; the elastic carbonaceous microspheres are internally provided with two-dimensional or three-dimensional pore channel structures, and the particle size of the microspheres is 50-20 mu m;
in the spinning solution, according to the mass ratio, the elastic carbon microspheres to the polyacrylonitrile =1 to (5-100);
2) Carrying out electrostatic spinning by using the spinning solution to obtain original polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers; the electrostatic spinning conditions are as follows: the voltage is 15-25 kV, the receiving distance is 10-14 cm, the advancing speed is 40-100 mu L/min, the temperature is 30-50 ℃, the humidity is 40-60 RH percent, and the spinning time is 1-10 h;
3) Pre-oxidation treatment: flattening the obtained original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber by using a corundum plate, placing the flattened original polyacrylonitrile nano-fiber in a tubular furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 0.5-5 h at the temperature of 250-350 ℃ in air atmosphere;
4) Carbonizing treatment: heating a tube furnace to 800-1500 ℃, and carrying out heat treatment for 1-5 h in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere to obtain a composite carbon fiber electrode material with an adjustable and controllable structure function; the fibers are mutually lapped to form a three-dimensional network structure, and microspheres are embedded among the fibers.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of polyacrylonitrile PAN and N, N-dimethylformamide DMF in the step 1) contains 8-15% by mass of polyacrylonitrile PAN.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the flow battery comprises an all vanadium flow battery, an iron chromium flow battery, or an organic flow battery.
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| CN104319405A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-28 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of nano graphite powder/carbon nanofiber composite electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery |
| CN105195067A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-30 | 四川大学 | Graphene aerogel microspheres and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108666571A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of kalium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof and cathode pole piece |
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| CN104241661B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method for combination electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery |
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| CN104319405A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-28 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of nano graphite powder/carbon nanofiber composite electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery |
| CN105195067A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-30 | 四川大学 | Graphene aerogel microspheres and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108666571A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of kalium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof and cathode pole piece |
| KR20190011362A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-02-07 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | Spider network structure composition of N-doped carbon nanofibers containing MnCoOx nanoparticles, the preparation method, and application to anode material for secondary battery |
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