CN111476896B - Panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for urban overground and underground buildings and personnel - Google Patents
Panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for urban overground and underground buildings and personnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for urban overground and underground buildings and personnel, which comprises the following steps: constructing a physical model of the above-ground buildings according to the spatial distribution and the basic attributes of the above-ground buildings; collecting function information of a ground building, and determining a function model of the ground building by combining a physical model of the ground building; collecting urban population information, and constructing a personnel space-time distribution model of the above-ground building by combining a physical model and a functional model of the above-ground building; according to the correlation information of the above-ground building and the underground building, a physical model and a functional model of the above-ground building and an industrial specification are combined to construct a corresponding underground building physical model; constructing an underground building functional model according to a physical model and a functional model of an overground building, an underground building physical model, a personnel space-time distribution model and an industry standard; and (4) perfecting and correcting a physical model and a functional model for constructing an underground building. The panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for the overground and underground buildings and the personnel in the city can provide three-dimensional city information and population space-time distribution data and provide references for city risk assessment and emergency rescue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban modeling, in particular to a panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for urban overground and underground buildings and personnel.
Background
With the continuous development of the urbanization process in China, the urban construction scale develops towards large scale, population densification and system complexity. In order to solve the problem of insufficient space on the ground, many urban constructions are gradually developed to underground, for example, underground shopping malls, underground parking lots, underground traffic and the like are increasingly popularized. Underground space buildings have become an important part of cities.
However, as cities develop early, governments and enterprises do not fully pay attention to relevant information of urban underground buildings, so that key underground urban construction information of many cities is lost. Meanwhile, with the combination and recombination of some government departments, the loss of the original underground space building data is a phenomenon which is ubiquitous at present. This is also a main reason for frequent accidents in the underground space of the city. In order to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents and realize quick emergency rescue, a flexible city is created, and three-dimensional space modeling needs to be carried out on the ground and underground space of the city and the distribution of personnel.
In the aspect of building the urban three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model of the ground building can be comprehensively displayed by means of an aerial photography technology, an unmanned aerial vehicle shooting technology, a geographic information technology and the like, so that the ground basic structure of the city can be comprehensively known, and a foundation is provided for building the ground building model of the city.
However, in the aspect of building an urban underground space model, due to remote sensing and aerial photography technologies, the space structure inside the underground cannot be shot. At present, the modeling of urban underground space mainly adopts field exploration, video technology and related information of existing underground structure buildings to model the underground space. However, the specific information of a large-scale underground building is difficult to acquire quickly, so that the current underground space modeling mainly aims at local areas, such as a certain coal mine, a certain section of underground pipe gallery and other small-scale areas. Therefore, it is currently difficult to rapidly model an entire city or a large area of subsurface space. Meanwhile, in the investigation process, the existing urban model rarely considers the space-time distribution of personnel, but the life safety of the personnel is the core task in disaster relief for disaster prevention and reduction and emergency rescue. Comprehensively obtaining: at present, an integrated comprehensive rapid modeling method aiming at the above-ground and underground spaces and the space-time distribution of personnel is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to provide a panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for buildings and people above and below the ground in an urban area, which can comprehensively understand and master the conditions of buildings and people in the above and below ground space and provide technical support for disaster prevention and reduction and emergency rescue.
According to the urban ground and underground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method, the spatial distribution information of a target ground building is collected, the basic attribute information of the target ground building is collected, and a physical model of the target ground building is constructed according to the spatial distribution information and the basic attribute information of the target ground building; acquiring basic function information of the target ground building, and determining a functional model of the target ground building by combining with the physical model of the target ground building; collecting urban population information, and constructing a personnel space-time distribution model of the target ground building by combining the physical model of the target ground building and the functional model of the target ground building; according to the correlation information of the target above-ground building and the target underground building, combining the physical model of the target above-ground building and the functional model of the target above-ground building, and referring to an industry standard, constructing a physical model corresponding to the target underground building; and constructing the functional model of the target underground building according to the physical model of the target aboveground building, the functional model of the target aboveground building, the physical model of the target underground building, the space-time distribution model of the personnel and the industrial specifications. And acquiring the physical information and the functional information of the target underground building, and performing corresponding improvement and correction on the physical model and the functional model of the target underground building.
According to the urban above-ground and underground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the target above-ground building physical model, the target above-ground building functional model, the target underground building physical model, the target underground building functional model and the personnel space-time distribution model can be simultaneously constructed, so that the above-ground and underground space building condition and the personnel space-time distribution condition can be rapidly and comprehensively known and mastered. After a major urban accident occurs, urban three-dimensional information data and population space-time distribution data are rapidly provided, and reference is provided for urban risk assessment and emergency rescue.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the distribution of the target above-ground buildings is determined using distribution information of existing above-ground buildings.
In a further optional embodiment, the spatial distribution information of the buildings on the target ground is perfected through at least one of map information, a geographic information system, a remote sensing image technology and an aerial photography technology.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the target above-ground building physical model and the target above-ground building functional model are determined using structural information and functional information of existing above-ground buildings.
In a further optional embodiment, the physical model of the target above-ground building and the functional model of the target above-ground building are supplemented by acquiring basic structural features and functional attributes of the target above-ground building through at least one of oblique photography technology, multi-angle photography technology, remote sensing image technology and aerial photography technology.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the city demographic information includes at least population totals, population distributions, and population movement data.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the physical model of the target underground building and the functional model of the target underground building are constructed by using structural information and functional information of the existing local underground building to perfect and correct.
In a further optional embodiment, the data of the target underground building are obtained through field exploration and video data, and the physical model and the functional model of the target above-ground building and the physical model and the functional model of the target underground building are corrected and perfected.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of panoramic three-dimensional modeling of buildings and personnel above and below the ground of a city, according to some embodiments of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
A panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for buildings and people above and below the ground in a city according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 1.
The panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for the overground and underground buildings and the personnel in the city approximately comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of constructing a physical model of a target above-ground building, constructing a functional model of the target above-ground building, constructing a space-time distribution model of people on the target above-ground, and constructing a physical model of the target underground building and a functional model of the target underground building which are related.
In the stage of constructing the physical model of the target ground building, the spatial distribution information of the target ground building is firstly collected. That is, the spatial distribution of the buildings on the ground to be constructed is known, for example, the basic situation of the buildings on the ground of the target can be determined through the map information, and the basic situation includes, but is not limited to, the spatial position, the occupation size, the name of the target and the correlation of the target. Wherein, the above-ground buildings can be houses, roads, rivers, bridges and the like. It should be noted that the buildings on the target land can be one or more types, and the number of buildings on each type of target land can be one or more than one. When the number or the type of the target buildings is two or more, the target buildings may be related to each other or may be independent of each other.
And then collecting basic attributes of the buildings on the target ground, and constructing a physical model of the buildings on the target ground according to the basic attributes of the buildings on the target ground. Wherein "basic attributes" include the height, footprint, shape of appearance, and other geometric dimensions of the above ground building.
In the stage of constructing the functional model of the target ground building, the basic functional information of the target ground building can be collected, and the functional model of the target ground building is determined by combining the physical model of the target ground building. "basic functional information" includes, but is not limited to, usage, scope of use, occasion of use, security standards, and specifications of use.
In the construction of a personnel space-time distribution model of a target ground building, urban population information is collected, and the personnel space-time distribution model is constructed according to a physical model and a functional model of the target ground building. In terms of specific operation, first, the basic function of the target building, i.e., which category of the industrial site, residential district, or administrative office area the building belongs to, is determined based on the basic attributes of the target building. The number of floors, area and usage properties of the target building are then analyzed in conjunction with the physical model of the target building. And finally, comprehensively considering the local population number, population density and the like, and finally determining the personnel density and the total number of the personnel in different target buildings on the ground and at different moments by combining relevant specifications. The city population information at least comprises general population, population distribution and population mobility data.
Compared with the traditional population distribution model, the population density and the number of people in different areas are mainly predicted, the people distribution is rarely coupled with the urban three-dimensional space model, and the number of people in a building cannot be accurately described. After the personnel model is embedded, the personnel density and distribution in different buildings in the city can be dynamically displayed, the traditional personnel distribution is further refined and is actually distributed in the specific buildings, and the efficient emergency rescue is favorably developed.
In the stage of constructing the physical model of the underground building, the corresponding physical model of the target underground building is constructed according to the physical model of the target above-ground building, the functional model of the target above-ground building, the space-time distribution model of the personnel, the correlation between the target above-ground building and the target underground building and the industry specification. Wherein, underground building can include: various pipelines, underground buildings, underground transportation facilities, basements and the like.
Since underground space use and development obviously depend on the basic situation of the above-ground buildings and the surrounding building, namely, the underground buildings and the above-ground buildings are closely connected. For example, according to the 'urban water supply engineering planning code', trunk lines of water supply and drainage pipelines need to be arranged on two sides of a road at present to avoid mutual intersection, and meanwhile, the ground building information comprises a starting point and an end point of the pipelines, so that a distribution network diagram of underground pipelines in the city can be constructed. For another example, according to the subway station position and line information of the ground building, the urban underground subway tunnel can be quickly constructed, that is, the subway tunnel and the subway entrance are completely matched and corresponding. In other words, since there is a correlation between the above-ground building and the underground building, the underground building physical model can be constructed by acquiring the above-ground building physical model and the above-ground building functional model. Under the condition of obtaining the physical model of the underground building, the functional model of the underground building can be constructed by combining the functional information, the field exploration information, the video acquisition information, the relevant industry specifications and the like of the existing underground building in the local underground. For example, in civil air defense engineering in China, the area of a civil air defense basement in a high-rise building is definitely specified.
In short, according to the panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for the above-ground and underground buildings and the personnel in the city, the physical model of the above-ground target building, the functional model of the above-ground target building, the physical model of the underground target building and the functional model of the underground target building can be simultaneously constructed, so that the conditions of the above-ground and underground space buildings can be comprehensively known and mastered, decision bases can be provided for urban construction planners by comprehensively modeling the above-ground and underground space buildings in the urban construction process, rescue goods and rescue personnel can be quickly arranged when safety accidents occur, and casualties and property loss are reduced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the distribution of the target above-ground buildings is determined using the distribution information of the existing above-ground buildings. For example, the distribution of emergency fire stations can be determined according to the distribution information of residential cells on the urban ground. Or the distribution of the water quality monitoring stations can be determined according to river distribution information.
Further optionally, the spatial distribution information of the buildings on the target ground is collected by at least one of a geographic information system, map information, remote sensing image technology and aerial photography technology. The general spatial distribution of the buildings on the ground of the city, such as the floor area, the floor height and the like, is obtained through at least one of a geographic information system, map information, remote sensing image technology and aerial photography technology. It should be understood that the above description is only illustrative and not limiting to the scope of the present invention, and other technical means may be adopted for the spatial distribution information of the buildings on the ground, for example, a satellite positioning system or a three-dimensional street view provided by an electronic map.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the physical model of the target above-ground building and the functional model of the target above-ground building are determined using the structural information and the functional information of the existing above-ground building. For example, according to the regulations on road protection, there cannot be any building on the sides of the highway within 30 meters. When a gas station model of the highway needs to be constructed, the structural information and the functional information of the highway can be referred to.
Further, in the process of constructing the physical model and the functional model of the target ground building, the basic structure and the functional attributes of the target ground building can be collected through at least one of an oblique photography technique, a multi-angle photography technique, a remote sensing image technique and an aerial photography technique. That is, for the local key part of the target ground building or the area requiring higher precision, the oblique photography or the multi-angle photography technology can be adopted to acquire the basic information of the target ground building in all directions and multiple angles, including the geometric dimension, the building height, the use function and the like. After the basic parameters of the target building are determined, physical models of various target buildings on the city are constructed in the system by adopting a space modeling method.
In other embodiments of the invention, the physical model of the constructed target underground building and the functional model of the target underground building are perfected and corrected by utilizing the structural information and the functional information of the existing local underground building. For example, when the physical model and the functional model of the underground subway are constructed, the physical model and the functional model of the underground subway can be perfected and corrected by referring to the structural information and the functional information of the existing water supply pipe network, gas pipe network or basement.
Furthermore, the data of the target underground building are obtained through field exploration and video data, and the physical model and the functional model of the target above-ground building and the physical model and the functional model of the target underground building are corrected and perfected. It will be appreciated that the manner in which the underground structure data is obtained is not limited to that described above, and may be assisted, for example, by laser detection.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spatial distribution information of the target underground buildings is determined according to the spatial distribution information of the target underground buildings, the physical model of the target underground buildings and the space-time distribution model of the target personnel. Specifically, in constructing the physical model of the underground buildings, the underground buildings may be first classified according to basic and functional attributes of the target above-ground buildings. The underground building may include: basements (air-raid basements, common basements and commercial basements), various pipelines, various tunnels, corridors and other underground buildings. And determining the physical model of the underground building according to the spatial distribution information of the target aboveground building, the physical model of the target underground building, the space-time distribution model of the target personnel, the existing local physical parameters of the underground building and the correlation and the industrial specification of the aboveground and underground buildings. For areas that cannot be determined, further, the structural information of underground buildings is refined using on-site photography and/or video data. The physical model of the urban underground and overground buildings is quickly constructed through the mutual correlation of the underground and overground buildings, and the underground model of the target area is corrected and perfected by adopting the information of the existing urban underground and overground buildings and field acquisition data.
In a further optional example, the basic attribute of the above-ground building, the basic attribute of the underground building, the city population information, the function information of the existing underground building and the industry specification are combined to determine the function model of the target underground building. Wherein, underground building functional model mainly includes: and realizing functions and functional parameters, such as flow, water pressure, water conservancy calculation and the like in a water supply network. And determining a function model of the underground building by combining the basic functions of the above-ground building, the basic types and the function positioning of the underground building, the population density and the distribution of the underground building and the industry specification. Meanwhile, the existing underground building function model can be obtained by fully utilizing electronic map information, GIS geographic information data and field acquisition data, and is compared and verified with the built function model, so that the urban underground building function model is perfected.
Compared with the traditional urban three-dimensional modeling, the urban three-dimensional modeling of the embodiment of the invention quickly constructs the space model and the functional model of the buildings according to the mutual connection between the buildings on the ground and the underground buildings by adopting the existing information and the industry specifications, and simultaneously integrates the space-time distribution of the personnel into the urban three-dimensional space model. In addition, the constructed model is corrected and supplemented by utilizing the physical and functional information and field acquisition information of the existing urban underground building. Compared with the traditional modeling aiming at local areas, the method can realize the rapid and efficient modeling of large-area areas.
The panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for the urban underground and underground buildings and the personnel in the embodiment of the invention is described by taking the construction of an urban underground water supply network and an urban building basement as examples.
In the construction of the urban underground water supply network, firstly, the spatial distribution information of the water supply company, the corresponding water using buildings and the urban roads is acquired by using the high-grade map data or the remote sensing image data, but not limited to the two methods, so as to obtain the spatial distribution information of the aboveground buildings related to the water supply network on the target ground, i.e. in this embodiment, the water supply company, the water using buildings (such as residential buildings or commercial office buildings or administrative office buildings) and the roads are all the buildings on the target ground, that is, in the construction of the urban three-dimensional model, the buildings on the target ground can be one or more types which are related to each other, and each type of aboveground buildings can include one or more than one.
Then, the basic attributes such as the floor area and the height of the water structure are determined by using remote sensing image data, an aerial photography technology, an oblique photography technology, a multi-angle photography technology and the like, and a physical model of the target ground structure is obtained by combining the spatial distribution information.
And then, acquiring the existing function information of the buildings on the ground of the city, and simultaneously adopting field exploration and video shooting technologies to obtain a function model of the buildings on the ground of the target. For example, a water structure is determined to be a resident household by adopting a method of shooting by an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The space-time distribution rule of the personnel in the urban buildings can be judged by combining the structural attributes and the functional attributes of the urban buildings. For example, the total building area and the total population number of a certain residential district are determined, and the total population number of the single building can be determined by combining the structure and the use area of the single building.
The water supply network is arranged along two sides of a road by using a water supply pipeline of a water supply company as a starting point and a water supply pipeline of a water building as a terminal point, and the water supply network is required to be arranged in the urban water supply engineering planning specification and cannot cross the road under the normal condition, so that the basic distribution of the water supply network can be determined. The starting point and the terminal point of the underground water supply pipe network and the distribution in the city can be obtained by integrating the information,
the constructed water supply network line diagram is corrected according to the existing water supply line diagram in the city, and a site exploration method can be adopted to further perfect and correct the local important area.
After obtaining the line distribution of the water supply network, the diameter, the water quantity, the water pressure and the like of the underground water supply network can be determined by combining basic attributes (such as the area and the height of a water use building and the like), functional attributes (such as an industrial production place, a residential water use place and the like), personnel distribution information and related industry specifications such as building water supply and drainage design specifications and the like. For example, in the 'design code for water supply and drainage of buildings', the minimum water pressure of residents is definitely specified, so that the water pressure of a main pipe of a resident can be determined by combining parameters such as the height of the building, the size of the pipe diameter, the time period of the highest water use, the highest water use amount and the like, and the water pressure of the main pipe can be determined by stepwise derivation.
And finally, correspondingly correcting a physical model and a functional model for constructing the underground tap water pipe network by using the monitoring data of all nodes of the tap water pipe network, perfecting the model and improving the accuracy of the model.
In the construction process, the physical model and the functional model of the urban underground building are quickly constructed by mainly utilizing the relevance of the urban underground and aboveground buildings and the relevant industry specifications of the underground buildings, and the model is supplemented and perfected by adopting the existing data or the field acquired data.
In the construction of the basement model of the ground building, firstly, the urban ground building to be constructed is determined, the spatial distribution information of the urban ground building is collected, and the physical model of the urban ground building is constructed according to the spatial distribution information and the urban construction information. The spatial distribution and the geometric shape of the basement of the city can be determined by combining the relevance of the buildings above the ground and underground. For example, if a high-rise building is rectangular, the corresponding basement is rectangular, and the position of the basement is strictly dependent on the ground building.
And then according to the application type of the urban building, referring to building design fire protection standard GB50016-2014 and civil air defense basement design standard, determining the number of underground space layers, height dimension, area and the like of the urban building, for example, the minimum area of the civil air defense basement is clearly specified in the civil air defense basement design standard. Meanwhile, the number of layers and the elevation of the basement are correspondingly corrected by combining the existing city underground construction basic information, the actual field acquisition information such as field shooting, video data, building BIM data and underground space laser scanning data, and the like, so that the basement physical model of the city building is constructed.
And then, according to the physical attributes, the functional attributes and the population distribution model of the urban building, and in combination with the physical model of the basement, constructing the functional model of the basement of the urban building according to relevant regulations such as building design fire protection regulations GB50016-2014, civil air defense basement design regulations and garage building design regulations. For example: for a certain commercial office building, because the minimum parking area of the office building is specified in the garage building design specification, and the functions of buildings on the ground are combined, the underground first floor and the underground second floor are required to be set as underground parking garages, and the underground third floor is required to be set as equipment rooms according to the building design fire protection specification GB 50016-2014.
And finally, determining the specific functions of the underground space by combining urban construction information, actual scene shooting, video data and the like, and further correcting the urban basement model.
It should be noted that the construction of the water supply network line and the basement of the urban building is only illustrative, and the panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for the urban underground and aboveground buildings and the personnel can be used for the construction of other underground and aboveground building models.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A panoramic three-dimensional modeling method for urban overground and underground buildings and personnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting spatial distribution information of a target ground building, collecting basic attribute information of the target ground building, and constructing a physical model of the target ground building according to the spatial distribution information and the basic attribute information of the target ground building;
acquiring basic function information of the target ground building, and determining a functional model of the target ground building by combining with the physical model of the target ground building;
collecting urban population information, and constructing a personnel space-time distribution model of the target ground building by combining the physical model of the target ground building and the functional model of the target ground building;
building a physical model corresponding to the target underground building according to the correlation information of the target above-ground building and the target underground building and by combining the physical model of the target above-ground building and the functional model of the target above-ground building and referring to an industry standard;
constructing a functional model of the target underground building according to the physical model of the target aboveground building, the functional model of the target aboveground building, the physical model of the target underground building, the space-time distribution model of the personnel and the industrial specifications;
and acquiring the physical information and the functional information of the target underground building, and performing corresponding improvement and correction on the physical model and the functional model of the target underground building.
2. The urban above-ground and below-ground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 1, further comprising: and determining the distribution of the target ground buildings by using the distribution information of the existing ground buildings.
3. The urban above-ground and below-ground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 2, further comprising: and the spatial distribution information of the target ground building is perfected through at least one of map information, a geographic information system, a remote sensing image technology and an aerial photography technology.
4. The urban above-ground and below-ground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 1, further comprising: and determining the physical model and the functional model of the target ground building by using the structural information and the functional information of the existing ground building.
5. The urban above-ground and below-ground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 4, further comprising: and acquiring basic structural features and functional attributes of the target ground building through at least one of an oblique photography technology, a multi-angle photography technology, a remote sensing image technology and an aerial photography technology, and supplementing the physical model of the target ground building and the functional model of the target ground building.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the urban population information comprises at least population count, population distribution and population mobility data.
7. The urban above-ground and below-ground building and personnel panoramic three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 1, further comprising: and perfecting and correcting the constructed physical model and the functional model of the target underground building by using the structural information and the functional information of the existing local underground building.
8. The urban above-ground and underground building and personnel panorama three-dimensional modeling method of claim 7, further comprising: and acquiring data of the target underground building through field exploration and video data, and modifying and perfecting a physical model and a functional model of the target above-ground building and a physical model and a functional model of the target underground building.
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