CN111476678B - Method for calculating comprehensive cost of direct-current power distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct-current power distribution network, which comprises the following steps: determining an economic index, wherein the economic index parameters comprise line construction cost and network loss cost; determining a reliability index, wherein the reliability index parameters comprise the importance degree of a load, the load size and the average power shortage duration of the load; determining an objective function of the comprehensive cost according to the economic index and the reliability index; and optimizing the objective function by using constraint conditions. The invention provides a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct current power distribution network, and provides a novel method for calculating the reliability index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current distribution network topology structures, in particular to a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct current distribution network.
Background
With the progress of power electronic technology, the direct current distribution network has a wide development prospect, and the determination of the network structure of the direct current distribution network is the basis of the construction of the direct current distribution network. The prior art makes certain research on planning of a network structure of a direct-current power distribution network, and some prior arts aim to combine traditional economic indexes such as line investment, operation maintenance and network loss with carbon emission environmental cost, establish a direct-current power distribution network frame planning model, bring the functions of a distributed power supply and a flexible load into the planning model, obtain a better result, but do not consider the reliability of the direct-current power distribution network. In the prior art, a risk model is added into a planning model, a load shedding cost and a power supply shortage expected value cost are given, so that a reliability index is quantitatively added into an objective function, and the prior art utilizes a life cycle model to consider the reliability and the economy of power grid planning. However, the above researches do not consider the particularity of the dc power distribution network in different application scenarios, and thus the pertinence is not strong. In addition, the weight between the costs of the objective function is a fixed value, and the influence generated when one index is too large is ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct current distribution network, which is used for solving at least part of defects in the prior art.
The invention further aims to provide a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network, which has reliable data and strong universality.
Particularly, the invention provides a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct-current power distribution network, which comprises the following steps:
determining an economic index, wherein the economic index parameters comprise line construction cost and network loss cost;
determining a reliability index, wherein the reliability index parameters comprise the importance degree of a load, the load size and the average power shortage duration of the load;
determining an objective function of comprehensive cost according to the economic index and the reliability index;
and optimizing the objective function by using constraint conditions.
Preferably, the economic indicator calculation formula is: c j ＝C B +C l P loss ；
Wherein, C B For line construction costs, C l Is unit loss cost, P loss Is the line loss of the dc distribution network.
Preferably, the line loss P of the DC distribution network loss The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein n is the number of the bus bars, V i Is the DC voltage of bus i, V j DC voltage, y, of bus j ij Is the dc conductance between bus i and bus j.
Preferably, the reliability index is calculated by the following formula: c k ＝γ·t loss ·I m ·P；
Wherein, C k Cost equivalent to reliability; gamma is a conversion coefficient; t is t loss The average power failure time is related to the power failure rate and the repair time of the fault; i is m The load is the important degree, and is mainly measured by the economic loss caused by the power failure of the load; p is the load size.
Preferably, the objective function is: min C = w 1 C j +w 2 C k ；
Wherein C is the overall cost, w 1 、w 2 Are weight coefficients.
Preferably, the weight coefficient is calculated by the formula:
where α is an adjustment coefficient determined from the reliability cost and economic cost values, w i0 Is the initial weight.
Preferably, the constraints include connectivity constraints and overload constraints.
Compared with the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network in the prior art, the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network, the direct-current power distribution network line planning is researched according to different application scenes, the topological structure of the direct-current power distribution network is planned under two application scenes respectively, the line construction cost and the line loss cost are selected as economic indexes, a new reliability index calculation method is provided, a weight-variable method is introduced to construct a target function, the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network is stronger in universality of evaluating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network under different scenes, and the obtained data of the comprehensive cost is more reliable.
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The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a dc power distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reliability cost weighting according to the variation thereof according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimization algorithm of an objective function of the comprehensive cost of the DC power distribution network according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an optimization process of a route planning scheme for residential areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a route planning scenario optimization process for an industrial park according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an iterative process before optimization of an objective function algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an iterative process after optimization of the objective function algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct current power distribution network. As shown in fig. 1, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S101: and determining an economic index.
Specifically, the economy of the direct-current power distribution network is an important part of power distribution network planning, and is inseparable from the construction cost and the operation cost of the direct-current power distribution network, and the economy of a topological structure of the direct-current power distribution network mainly depends on the line construction cost and the network loss cost, so that an economic index calculation formula is
C j ＝C B +C l P loss (1)
In the formula C B For line construction costs, C l Is unit loss cost, P loss Is the line loss, P, of the DC distribution network loss Is calculated by the formula
Wherein n is the number of bus bars, V i A direct voltage, V, for the bus i j DC voltage, y, for bus j ij Is the dc conductance between bus i and bus j.
Step S102: and determining the reliability index.
Specifically, reliability is an important index for measuring the quality of the direct current power distribution network, and the commonly used reliability indexes are fault outage rate, outage duration, power shortage cost and the like. However, in the invention, considering that the reliability of the direct current distribution network is mainly influenced by factors such as the importance degree of the load, the load size, the average power shortage duration of the load and the like, the indexes are selected to express the reliability, namely the calculation formula of the reliability index is as follows:
C k ＝γ·t loss ·I m ·P (3)
in the formula, C k For cost equivalent to reliability, γ is the conversion coefficient, t loss To average outage time, which is related to outage rate and repair time of the fault, I m The importance degree of the load is mainly measured by economic loss caused by power failure of the load, and P is the size of the load.
The loads can be mainly divided into industrial loads, resident loads and office administrative loads, and the relative importance of the loads is determined according to actual operation experience by using an analytic hierarchy process and is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 relative importance of various types of loads
Table 1 Relative importance of various loads
The relative importance of the industrial load, the residential load and the office administrative load is sequentially
I m ＝[0.243 0.088 0.669] (4)
Calculated to obtain C R ＝0.061<0.1, passing the consistency test.
Step S103: and determining an objective function of the comprehensive cost according to the economic index and the reliability index.
Specifically, the economic index and the reliability index are comprehensively considered, and the objective function is determined to be
min C＝w 1 C j +w 2 C k (5)
Wherein C is the overall cost, w 1 、w 2 Are the weight coefficients. If the economic efficiency or reliability of the planning scheme of the power grid is too low, the weight of the planning scheme needs to be increased to improve the influence of the planning scheme on the direct current distribution power grid, so that a weight-variable method is adopted, namely a sigmoid function is utilized to obtain a calculation formula of a weight coefficient:
where α is an adjustment coefficient determined from the reliability cost and economic cost values, and w is i0 Is the initial weight.
Step S104: and optimizing the objective function by using the constraint condition.
Specifically, the constraint conditions include connectivity constraints and overload constraints, that is, if the direct current power distribution network adopts the objective function to control the integrated cost, the direct current power distribution network is disconnected in connection or overloaded, and the objective function needs to be re-optimized.
Further, the direct-current power distribution network is connected under the normal operation condition, and cannot be divided into independent systems to operate, so that connectivity judgment must be carried out, and a planning scheme which does not meet the connectivity is screened out.
Power S transmitted by any transmission line l Should not exceed its maximum capacity S lmax I.e. by
S l ≤S lmax (8)
Different classes of loads have different requirements on power supply reliability and voltage class. Therefore, the direct-current distribution network needs to be divided into different application scenes based on the characteristics of the direct-current system power supply according to the load characteristics and the power grid construction task, and planning is performed according to the requirements of different scenes. Common typical application scenarios fall into three categories: residential areas, industrial parks and new energy aggregation areas.
Residential areas are mainly subjected to residential load, and the voltage level of the residential areas is mainly determined by the voltage of household appliances such as air conditioners, variable frequency washing machines and the like. The requirement on power supply reliability is relatively low, and excessive economic loss cannot be caused by power failure, so that when power grid planning is carried out, the economical efficiency is taken as a main target, and meanwhile, the radiation type wiring mode is mostly adopted in consideration of simple and convenient wiring and convenient operation.
The industrial park mainly comprises industrial direct current loads, and the voltage grade of the industrial park is generally between 750V and 1.5 kV. The requirement on power supply reliability is high, and a power failure can cause great economic loss, so the reliability of the power supply is mainly considered in planning. The scene is suitable for adopting a wiring mode with higher reliability, such as double-end power supply or annular wiring.
The new energy source collecting area is mainly used for collecting distributed power sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power and carrying out centralized power supply. For the convenience of distributed power access, the application scenario generally adopts a ring connection mode.
Since the main purpose of the new energy source concentration area is not to directly supply power to users, the application discusses two application scenarios, namely residential area and industrial park, and determines corresponding economic cost and feasibility according to the characteristics of the residential area and the industrial parkInitial weighting factor between the dependence costs, i.e. w in equation (6) i0 . The change rule of the weight of the reliability cost along with the value thereof is shown in FIG. 2, when the reliability cost is lower, the reliability cost is calculated according to the initial weight, and when the reliability cost exceeds a certain value C k0 In this case, the weight coefficient of reliability increases with an increase in reliability cost, and becomes constant in consideration of the non-negligible economic efficiency. A weight-varying curve of economic cost can similarly be obtained. The constraints are different for the two application scenarios.
According to the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network, the direct-current power distribution network line planning is researched according to different application scenes, the topological structure of the direct-current power distribution network is planned under two application scenes respectively, the line construction cost and the line loss cost are selected as economic indexes, a new reliability index calculation method is provided, a weight-variable method is introduced to construct a target function, the method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network is stronger in universality of evaluating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network under different scenes, and the obtained data of the comprehensive cost is more reliable.
The invention also provides an optimization algorithm of an objective function of the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network, the optimization algorithm adopts an artificial bee colony Algorithm (ABC), the artificial bee colony algorithm is an optimization algorithm for simulating bees to search for honey sources, and the optimization algorithm mainly comprises four most basic elements: food source, honey bee gathering, observation and reconnaissance. In a standard ABC algorithm, the honey bees use initial food source information to search for a new food source, and meanwhile, the honey bee returning honeycomb and the observation bees share the honey source information; observing that bees wait in the honeycomb, and finding a new food source along with returned honey bees with a certain probability; the scout bees are responsible for randomly finding a new valuable food source in the vicinity of the bee nest. The number of the honey-collecting bees is equal to that of the observation bees and is equal to that of the food sources, and the honey-collecting bees correspond to the food sources one by one.
Further, the general steps of the artificial bee colony algorithm are:
step 1, setting the population number, the maximum iteration number MCN and the control parameter limits, and determining a search spaceI.e., the range of solutions, randomly generates an initial solution x in the search space i (i＝1,2,3,……,Z N )，Z N The number of food sources;
and 3, searching the neighborhood of the honey bee according to the position updating type to obtain a new position. The position is updated to
Wherein Vij is a newly searched food source of the honey bee i after the j iteration, and X ij Is the location, X, of the honey bee i after the jth iteration kj For the location of honey bee k, k is [1, Z ] N ]Random integer between and k ≠ i, φ ij Is [ -1,1]A random number in between;
In the formula, fit (X) ij )、fit(V ij ) Respectively the fitness of the food source at the current position of the honey bee and the fitness of the newly searched food source;
After the observation bees complete the honey collection bee selection, the neighborhood is searched by using the formula (9), and the position with high fitness is selected according to the greedy selection principle;
In the planning problem of the topological structure of the direct-current power distribution network, the positions of the honey collection bees and the observation bees represent a planning scheme, the honey collection bees and the observation bees are associated with the attention degrees of different position points in a search space, and the honey collection bees and the observation bees are mathematical abstraction carriers for the optimal distribution mode of computing resources at each position point in the space. The fitness of each position represents an objective function value of the planning scheme, the formula (5) shows that the DC distribution network planning is to find the minimum value of the comprehensive cost C, and the greedy selection principle and the roulette principle are required to find the maximum value of the fitness, so that the reciprocal of the comprehensive cost is taken when the fitness is found, namely the reciprocal of the comprehensive cost is taken as the fitness value. The artificial bee colony algorithm continuously searches for a position with high fitness, namely a scheme with the minimum comprehensive cost, and an optimal planning scheme and the corresponding fitness can be output through a certain number of iterations, so that the magnitude of the comprehensive cost is obtained.
The invention improves the artificial bee colony algorithm to solve the problem of low convergence speed. The convergence speed of the artificial bee colony algorithm mainly depends on the initialization of the colony, and if the initial colony position distribution is reasonable, the convergence speed can be greatly increased, and the possibility of falling into local optimum is reduced.
The invention optimizes the initialization process of the population by using a maximum-minimum product method, namely, selects the initial bee colony according to the principle of maximum-minimum product so as to disperse the position distribution of the initial bee colony as much as possible, and as shown in figure 3, the optimization algorithm of the objective function of the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network comprises the following specific steps:
step S301, initializing algorithm parameters, and determining a set M and a set Z.
Specifically, random selectionGet Z M (Z M >>Z N ) The initial positions form a set M, and one of the positions is randomly selected as a first initial position, added to the set Z and deleted from M.
Step S302, selecting the position with the maximum distance from the first initial position, and adding the position into the set Z.
And selecting the position with the maximum distance from the first initial position from the updated M, adding the position into the set Z, and deleting the position from the set M.
Step S303, respectively calculating the positions M in the updated M i Distance to each element in Z.
Respectively calculating the position M in the updated M i (i＝1,2,…,Z M ′,Z M ' is the number of positions in M after update) to the distance of each element in Z, the product of the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance is calculated, the position in M corresponding to the maximum product is selected from the products and stored in Z, and the position is deleted from M.
Step S304, judging whether the number of the selected initial positions, namely the number of the positions in the set Z is less than Z N 。
If yes, repeating step S302;
if not, the step S305 is executed to output the optimal solution obtained by iteration.
In particular, Z in the direct output set Z N As initial position for improving bee colony algorithm, Z N This initial position is the optimal solution.
In addition, the position updating method (9) has the defects of iterative randomness, easy trapping in local optimal solution and low updating speed, so that a global optimal factor, namely a position X corresponding to optimal fitness, is introduced best,j The formula (9) is improved, and the improved position is more novel
Wherein m and k are random numbers and are not equal to i, phi ij 、ψ ij Is [ -1,1 [ ]]A random number in between.
In specific application, the IEEE standard 14 node circuit is taken as an object, and power transmission line planning is respectively carried out according to the characteristics of two application scenes. The line cost is set to be 10 ten thousand yuan/kilometer, the mean time for repairing the fault is 8h, the line fault rate is 0.09 times/(km & a), and the unit loss cost is 25 yuan/(kWh & h). The number of selected bees and observed bees is 40, the number of populations is 200, and the number of optimization iterations is 200.
For residential areas, a voltage level of 110V is selected, the importance degree of the load obtained by the formula (4) is 0.088, initial weights of economic cost and reliability cost are determined to be 0.5 and 0.5 respectively, and the route planning scheme is optimized to obtain an optimal scheme as shown in fig. 4.
For an industrial park mainly comprising industrial loads, the voltage level is 750V, the importance degree of each load is 0.243, the initial weights of the economic cost and the reliability cost are determined to be 0.4 and 0.6 respectively, the route planning scheme is optimized, and the optimal scheme is obtained as shown in fig. 5.
The planning results for both application scenarios are shown in table 2. It can be seen that the reliability cost of an industrial park is low, which is consistent with its high reliability requirements.
TABLE 2 planning results in two application scenarios
As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 4, the economic cost in the residential area scene accounts for a large proportion, so the optimal planning scheme has high economy and simple wiring.
As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 5, the optimal planning scheme has not only certain economic efficiency but also high reliability, so that the comprehensive cost is not very high, and meanwhile, the wiring mode of the optimal planning scheme is in a ring type wiring mode, which is more complicated than that of a residential area.
As a comparison of the algorithm before and after the improvement, the griewank function is selected for optimization, and the results are shown in fig. 6 and 7. It can be seen that the improved algorithm (as shown in fig. 7) uses a smaller number of iterations, about 87, to obtain the optimal solution, and the optimal value is lower.
The optimization algorithm of the objective function of the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network adopts an artificial bee colony algorithm and utilizes the artificial bee colony algorithm improved by the maximum product and the minimum product to carry out optimization. The IEEE standard 14 node circuit is placed in two application scenes for example analysis, and the obtained result meets the requirements of related scenes. The comparative analysis of the artificial bee colony algorithm before and after the improvement shows that the method provided by the invention can obtain a better planning result while improving the convergence rate.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while various exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications which are consistent with the principles of this invention may be determined or derived directly from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating the comprehensive cost of a direct current distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an economic index, wherein economic index parameters comprise line construction cost and network loss cost;
determining a reliability index, wherein the reliability index parameters comprise the importance degree of a load, the size of the load and the average power shortage duration of the load; the calculation formula of the reliability index is as follows:
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,C k cost equivalent to reliability;γis a conversion coefficient;t loss the average power failure time is related to the power failure rate and the repair time of the fault;I m the importance degree of the load is measured by economic loss caused by power failure of the load;Pis a loadSize;
determining an objective function of comprehensive cost according to the economic index and the reliability index;
optimizing the objective function by using constraint conditions;
the method for obtaining the optimal solution of the objective function comprises the following steps:
initializing algorithm parameters and determining a setMAnd collectionsZ；
Selecting the position with the maximum distance from the first initial position, and adding the maximum position into the setZAnd from the setMDeleting;
after respectively calculating and updatingMMiddle positionM i ToZThe distance of each element in the set, the product of the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance is calculated, and the position corresponding to the maximum product is stored in the setZPerforming the following steps;
judging the number of the selected initial positions, i.e. the setZWhether the number of the middle position is less thanZ N ；
If not, outputting an optimal solution obtained by iteration;
if yes, repeating the steps to select the position with the maximum distance from the first initial position, and adding the position into the set Z.
2. The method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the economic index calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,C B in order to reduce the cost of the line construction,C l in the interest of a unit loss cost,P loss is the line loss of the dc distribution network.
3. The method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct current distribution network according to claim 2, characterized in that: line loss of the DC power distribution networkP loss The calculation formula of (c) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,nin order to be the number of the bus bars,V i is a busiThe voltage of the direct current (dc) voltage,V j is a busjThe voltage of the direct current (dc) voltage,y ij is a busiAnd bus barjDirect current conductance between.
4. The method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct current distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the objective function is:
；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Cin order to achieve the comprehensive cost,w 1 、w 2 in order to be the weight coefficient,C j is an index of the economical efficiency,C k is a reliability index.
5. The method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the calculation formula of the weight coefficient is as follows:
where α is an adjustment coefficient determined from the reliability cost and the economic cost value, and w is i0 Is an initial weight, beta is a weight, C i For economic or reliability costs, C i0 Is a reference value for the cost.
6. The method for calculating the comprehensive cost of the direct-current power distribution network according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the constraints include connectivity constraints and overload constraints.
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