CN111474625B - Multiband transmission optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Multiband transmission optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111474625B
CN111474625B CN202010134081.XA CN202010134081A CN111474625B CN 111474625 B CN111474625 B CN 111474625B CN 202010134081 A CN202010134081 A CN 202010134081A CN 111474625 B CN111474625 B CN 111474625B
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fiber
cladding
functional
optical fiber
layer
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CN111474625A (en
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陶光明
邹郁祁
李攀
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/078373 priority patent/WO2021175170A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fiber, in particular to a multiband transmission optical fiber used in the laser processing and medical fields, which comprises an outer cladding layer, and a functional fiber and at least one lighting fiber which are positioned in the outer cladding layer; the functional fiber is used for transmitting laser, the lighting fiber is used for transmitting visible light, and the functional fiber and the lighting fiber are arranged in parallel in the outer coating or are wound with each other. The single fiber can realize high integration of functions of multiband laser transmission, illumination, aiming and the like, can ensure the flexibility of the optical fiber, and has wide application in the field of laser material processing or medical treatment.

Description

Multiband transmission optical fiber and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a multi-band transmission optical fiber integrating multiple functions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Laser technology, one of the most great scientific inventions of 20 th century, is widely used in the fields of sensing, material processing, additive manufacturing, imaging, communication, medical treatment, and the like, because of its advantages such as high coherence, high brightness, high directivity, and high monochromaticity. Among them, laser medical treatment is the most safe, efficient and low-damage operation method at the present stage as a treatment mode for replacing the traditional metal knife and high-frequency electric knife. In addition, as a new machining method, compared with the existing machining method, the laser machining has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, no contact, no abrasion, wide universality, easiness in processing and control and the like, and can be machined in an extreme environment.
In the field of laser processing, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN110497083A provides a laser processing apparatus, which can improve efficiency and versatility in laser processing by using a double-rod cylinder to drive a light barrier and a plurality of fixed blocks, but the apparatus is not useful for processing in a complex environment. The chinese patent publication No. CN110497102A provides a material transport system and a laser processing apparatus, which can improve the productivity by means of a stage, and effectively solve the bottleneck problem of limited output in balance with the subsequent process, but the high-precision and high-flexibility laser processing method is not realized. In summary, a flexible, universal, efficient, stable and low-cost laser processing method in the existing laser processing field is still missing, and in the prior art, a laser transmission system and processing based on a fiber laser are implemented by a quartz fiber. However, the high temperature characteristic of the silica fiber during processing limits the addition of other functions. How to add other functions to the quartz fiber for fiber laser transmission in the prior art is one of the problems that needs to be solved urgently.
In the field of laser medical treatment, a laser scalpel realizes non-contact medical treatment by utilizing optical path transmission, and is widely applied at present, for example, the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN109452968A discloses a CO2 laser therapeutic apparatus for treating oral diseases, the treatment is realized by a laser technology, the effect is accurate and quick, the cutting of soft and hard tissues has no itch and pain, and the apparatus is clean and sanitary. Chinese patent publication No. CN109975921A discloses an infrared energy-transmitting optical fiber, a method for manufacturing the same, and an infrared laser medical transmission system, which realize laser transmission through a metal dielectric layer structure. The chinese patent publication No. CN109946786A discloses a multifunctional laser scalpel and a laser processing device for a controllable self-deforming optical fiber, which adopt a deformation-controllable protection layer and a multifunctional optical fiber composite technology to realize the integration of the functions of detection, transmission and gas circulation. Chinese patent publication No. CN108671415A discloses a medical optical fiber, which is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow metal waveguide fibers of predetermined lengths, and has improved flexibility to some extent. However, although the laser scalpel has the advantages of no direct contact, small infection rate, short operation time, small damage, no noise, no vibration, high precision and the like, the application of the laser scalpel is limited for a long time due to the lack of a flexible transmission mode.
However, the laser used in medical and processing fields is usually invisible light, and due to invisibility of the invisible light, the visible light is often required to provide illumination and aiming functions when the invisible light is used for industrial processing. Therefore, the fiber for realizing illumination in the prior art is a side light-emitting fiber with a spiral groove as disclosed in the chinese patent application with publication number CN108152882A, the side light-emitting fiber is composed of a cylindrical core and a cladding layer wrapped on the outer circumference of the cylindrical core, the cladding layer is provided with a spiral groove penetrating into the cladding layer, the inner width of the spiral groove is smaller than the outer width thereof, i.e. the inner width and the outer width of the spiral groove are narrow. The invention has the disadvantages of complex process, non-batch production and easy damage of optical fiber.
Therefore, the optical fibers used in the existing laser surgery or processing can only transmit laser alone but cannot realize illumination at the same time, the illumination mode in the prior art cannot be combined with a transmission system, but the illumination mode is realized by directly adding the illumination fibers through the hole at the other end, and the technology of integrating the illumination function into the quartz fiber for transmission needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, a multiband transmission fiber for fiber laser material processing integrating aiming, illumination and laser processing would be the choice for a new generation of fiber applications.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a multiband transmission optical fiber capable of having both a laser transmission function and an illumination function, and a method for manufacturing the multiband transmission optical fiber.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions: a multiband optical fiber, comprising: the lighting fiber comprises an outer cladding layer, and a functional fiber and at least one lighting fiber which are positioned in the outer cladding layer; the functional fiber is used for transmitting laser, the lighting fiber is used for transmitting visible light, and the functional fiber and the lighting fiber are arranged in parallel in the outer coating or are wound with each other.
Preferably, the functional optical fiber is a core cladding structure or a photonic band gap structure optical fiber;
the core cladding structure comprises a core layer positioned on the inner side and a cladding layer positioned on the outer side and concentrically arranged, and the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer;
the photonic band gap structure fiber comprises an air layer positioned in the center and a cladding wrapping the air layer, the cladding comprises a first cladding and a second cladding, the first cladding and the second cladding are sequentially and alternately stacked, the refractive index of the first cladding is higher than that of the second cladding, and the air layer is adjacent to the first cladding.
Preferably, the illumination fiber is an optical fiber, a light-emitting fiber or a structure containing a micro-LED light-emitting component.
Preferably, when the number of the lighting fibers is at least two, the functional fiber is positioned at the center, and the lighting fibers uniformly surround the outer side of the functional fiber.
Preferably, the intertwining is a helical intertwining or a braided intertwining.
Preferably, the functional fiber is twisted together with the illuminating fiber when the illuminating fiber and the functional fiber are twisted with each other, or the functional fiber is located at the center, and the illuminating fiber is twisted with each other and surrounds the functional fiber.
Preferably, the optical fiber has at least two layers including a low refractive index material layer and a high refractive index material layer, visible light is transmitted in the high refractive index material layer, and the low refractive index material layer is used for separating the high refractive index material layer.
Preferably, the low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer are any two thermoplastic polymers with the refractive index difference larger than 0.01;
and the low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer are 104poise-108The poise viscosity interval has an overlapping area of a temperature interval, and the drawing temperature of the optical fiber is 100-500 ℃;
the outer coating material is thermoplastic polymer.
Preferably, the material of the low refractive index material layer, the high refractive index material layer and the outer cladding layer is any one of carbonate polymer (such as polycarbonate PC), sulfone polymer (such as polyethersulfone PES, polyphenylene sulfone resin PPSU), etherimide polymer (such as polyetherimide PEI), acrylate polymer (such as polymethylmethacrylate PMMA, styrene dimethyl methacrylate copolymer SMMA), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, fluoropolymer or a blend of any combination thereof.
Preferably, the luminescent fiber comprises a substrate, an electrode and an electroluminescent material, wherein the substrate wraps the electrode and the electroluminescent material.
Preferably, the lighting fiber comprises a micro-LED light-emitting component, the diameter of the micro-LED light-emitting component is less than 100 μm, and the micro-LED light-emitting component is directly attached to the surface of the lighting fiber or integrated on the end face of the lighting fiber.
Preferably, the cross section of the optical fiber is circular, square, triangular or regular polygonal.
Preferably, the material of the functional fiber can be polymer, chalcogenide glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, metal oxide glass, quartz material, sapphire, fluoride glass or any combination of the above materials.
Preferably, the electroluminescent material is a liquid crystal.
In the optical fiber, the preparation method when the functional fiber and the lighting fiber are wound comprises
S1: preparing functional fiber;
s2: preparing lighting fibers;
s3: winding the functional fiber pre-lighting fibers around each other;
s4: and preparing an outer cladding layer on the outer sides of the wound functional fibers and the lighting fibers.
Preferably, in step S4, the method for preparing the outer cladding is coating or evaporation.
Preferably, the winding means comprises a spiral winding or a braided winding.
Preferably, when the number of the lighting fibers is at least two, the functional fibers are positioned in the center, and the lighting fibers are uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the functional fibers; the functional fibers are either wound together with the illuminating fibers or the functional fibers are centrally located, the illuminating fibers being intertwined with each other and surrounding the functional fibers. .
The preparation method of the functional fiber in the optical fiber for pre-illuminating the fiber comprises
S1: preparing functional fibers or functional fiber prefabricated rods;
s2: preparing an illumination fiber or an illumination fiber preform;
s3: preparing an outer cladding having at least two pores, the pores extending in parallel;
s4: the functional fiber or the functional fiber preform manufactured in step S1, and the illumination fiber or the illumination fiber preform manufactured in step S2 are respectively put into the fine holes of the outer cladding, and drawn to obtain an optical fiber.
Preferably, when the functional fiber is prepared in the step S1, the inner diameter of the pores in the outer covering layer prepared in the step S3 is larger than the outer diameter of the functional fiber; and/or
In the case of the illumination fiber prepared in the step S2, the inner diameter of the fine pores in the outer sheath prepared in the step S3 is larger than the outer diameter of the illumination;
in said step S4, the ends of the over cladding layer, the functional fiber and/or the illumination fiber are fixedly drawn at the same time when the optical fiber is drawn.
Preferably, the preparation method of the functional fiber preform or the functional fiber comprises a double-crucible method, a fusion casting method, a tube rod method, a thermal stretching method, an evaporation method, a film winding method or an extrusion method;
the method for preparing the illumination fiber or the illumination fiber preform comprises a hot pressing method or a film winding method;
the method of preparing the outer cladding may be a hot pressing method.
By the technical scheme, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages:
the single fiber realizes high integration of functions such as laser transmission, illumination and aiming, can ensure the flexibility of the optical fiber, and has wide application in the laser material processing or medical field.
The aiming and lighting functions can be provided on the premise of not adding extra parts while high-precision processing or operation. Aiming is realized by using visible light instead of non-visible light, and the problem that the processing laser is difficult to observe can be solved without the participation of other program control or other components. And the additional increase of an illuminating part is avoided, and the additional burden of the human body in the operation is avoided.
The optical fiber can be made of a wide range of materials, and can further realize low-loss transmission of laser in a full wave band. Particularly, the core cladding structure chalcogenide glass fiber and the hollow one-dimensional photonic band gap fiber provided by the invention can solve the problem of CO2 laser transmission mode loss at the present stage, and realize flexible low-loss transmission of CO2 laser by utilizing the photonic band gap effect and the high transmittance of chalcogenide glass in an infrared band.
The production mode is simple, the production efficiency is high, and the large-scale mass production can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical fiber of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optical fiber according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an optical fiber according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an optical fiber of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an optical fiber of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an optical fiber of example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The optical fiber structure comprises an outer cladding layer on the outermost side, and functional fibers and lighting fibers which are positioned in the outer cladding layer. The functional fiber is used for transmitting high-power laser which is used for material processing or biological tissue ablation in medical operation. The lighting fiber is used for transmitting visible light, and further realizes the functions of aiming and lighting in processing or operation. In addition, the visible light can also be used for simulating a focus point of non-visible light, so that aiming is realized, and the observation at any time in the actual operation process is facilitated. The lighting fiber is at least one.
The functional fiber and the lighting fiber are arranged in parallel or wound in the outer cladding. When the functional fiber and the lighting fiber are arranged side by side, the functional fiber and the lighting fiber can be arranged side by side, or when the lighting fiber is a plurality of lighting fibers, the functional fiber can be arranged in the center, and the lighting fibers are uniformly arranged around the functional fiber at intervals. When the functional fiber and the lighting fiber are arranged in a winding way, if the lighting fiber is a plurality of fibers, the functional fiber is positioned in the center at any section, and the lighting fiber is uniformly arranged around the functional fiber.
Preferably, the functional fiber is a core structure. The functional fiber includes a core layer and a cladding layer, the core layer having a higher refractive index than the cladding layer so that laser light is transmitted within the core layer. The functional fiber can be made of polymer, chalcogenide glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, metal oxide glass, quartz material, sapphire, fluoride glass and other common optical fiber materials which can be suitable for different laser transmission bands. And the functional fiber can also be a one-dimensional photonic band gap structure fiber, a two-dimensional photonic band gap structure fiber and the like. The light-emitting diode comprises an air layer located in the center and a cladding wrapping the air layer, wherein the cladding comprises a first cladding and a second cladding which are sequentially stacked, the first cladding is close to the air layer, and the refractive index of the first cladding is larger than that of the second cladding.
The lighting fiber can be an optical fiber, and comprises a structure of a micro LED light-emitting component or a visible light transmission structure such as a light-emitting fiber.
When the illumination fiber is an optical fiber, the illumination fiber comprises at least two layers of structures, including a low refractive index material layer and a high refractive index material layer having a refractive index difference. The low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer may be disposed inside and outside, for example: visible light can be transmitted in the high refractive index material layer with the high refractive index layer inside and the low refractive index layer outside, and the low refractive index material layer plays a role of spacing. Or the center is a low refractive index layer, the outer layer is a high refractive index layer, as long as the refractive index of the outer cladding layer outside the high refractive index layer is lower than that of the high refractive index layer, and visible light can still be transmitted in the high refractive index layer.
The low and high refractive index material layers and the outer cladding layer are preferably of a thermoplastic polymer and have good propertiesThe tensile property and the flexibility of the fiber provide enough mechanical support for the whole fiber. The low refractive index material is also a thermoplastic polymer for blocking visible light transmitted in the high refractive index material layer. And the low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer are at 104poise-108There is an overlapping region of temperature intervals within the poise viscosity interval. The drawing temperature of the optical fiber is preferably 100 ℃ to 500 ℃.
The low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer may be a blend of one or any combination of carbonate polymers (such as polycarbonate PC), sulfone polymers (such as polyethersulfone PES and polyphenylene sulfone resin PPSU), etherimide polymers (such as polyetherimide PEI), acrylate polymers (such as polymethylmethacrylate PMMA and styrene dimethyl methacrylate copolymer SMMA), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, and fluoropolymers, as long as the difference in refractive index is greater than 0.01.
The material of the outer cladding layer can be a blend of carbonate polymer (such as polycarbonate PC), sulfone polymer (such as polyethersulfone PES, polyphenylene sulfone resin PPSU), etherimide polymer (such as polyetherimide PEI), acrylate polymer (such as polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, styrene dimethyl methacrylate copolymer SMMA), Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, fluoropolymer, or any combination thereof. Any polymer having thermoplastic properties may be used.
Preferably, for the functional fiber of the core-cladding structure, the core layer has a diameter of 50 μm to 200 μm and the cladding layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm.
Preferably, for the functional fiber of the photonic band gap structure optical fiber, the diameter of the central air layer is 200 μm to 1000 μm, the thickness of the cladding is 50 μm to 500 μm, wherein the thickness of the single cladding is 2.5 μm to 5 μm, and 10 layers to 50 layers are alternated.
Preferably, for the illumination fiber, the low refractive index material layer has a diameter of 50 μm to 250 μm and the high refractive index material layer has a thickness of 150 μm to 1000 μm.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the entire optical fiber of the present invention is 2mm to 6 mm.
When the lighting fiber is an electroluminescent fiber visible light transmission structure, the lighting fiber comprises an electrode, a base material and an electroluminescent material, wherein the electrode comprises at least one group of parallel electrode wires, the electrode wires are arranged in the base material, and the base material wraps the electrode wires and the electroluminescent material. Preferably, the electroluminescent material may be a liquid crystal material, the substrate has at least one hole structure parallel to the wire electrode, and the liquid crystal material is filled in the hole structure of the substrate.
Preferably, the electrode wire is a metal wire, and more preferably, the electrode wire is a stainless steel wire, a copper wire or a tungsten wire; specifically, the diameter of the electrode wire is 10-500 μm. The base material is a thermoplastic polymer material, and the transparency is not lower than 75%; preferably, the substrate is a blend of one or any combination of PMMA, SMMA, cyclic olefin copolymer, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene and ABS. The at least one group of parallel electrode wires comprises a positive electrode wire and at least two negative electrode wires. Specifically, the liquid crystal material is a cholesteric liquid crystal material; more specifically, the liquid crystal material is a cholesteric liquid crystal material formed by mixing nematic liquid crystal and a chiral agent.
When the lighting fiber comprises the micro LED light-emitting component, the micro LED light-emitting component is an LED with the diameter of less than 100 mu m, and can be directly attached to the surface of the lighting fiber or integrated on the end face of the lighting fiber.
In practical application scenarios, different laser light sources can be selected, the functional fiber is a low-loss fiber, and the transmitted laser is used for processing and cutting or for tissue ablation in medical operations. The illumination fiber transmits visible light, and the visible light transmitted in the illumination fiber is not only used for illumination but also used for aiming due to the invisibility of the processing laser.
The preparation method of the multiband transmission optical fiber specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing functional fiber;
s2: preparing lighting fibers;
s3: winding the functional fiber pre-lighting fibers around each other;
s4: and preparing an outer cladding layer on the outer sides of the wound functional fibers and the lighting fibers.
In the step S4, the outer cladding layer is prepared by coating or evaporation.
The winding mode can be mutual spiral winding or weaving winding.
And preferably, when the number of the lighting fibers is at least two, the functional fibers are located at the center, the lighting fibers are uniformly distributed at the outer sides of the functional fibers, the functional fibers are spirally wound together with the lighting fibers, or the functional fibers are located at the center, and the lighting fibers are wound with each other and surround the functional fibers. The winding mode can be common winding or weaving.
Another method for preparing the optical fiber comprises
S1: preparing functional fibers or functional fiber prefabricated rods;
s2: preparing an illumination fiber or an illumination fiber preform;
s3: preparing an outer cladding layer with a fine hole in the center;
s4: and (4) respectively putting the functional fiber or the functional fiber preform prepared in the step S1 and the illumination fiber or the illumination fiber preform prepared in the step S2 into the fine hole of the outer cladding layer to obtain an optical fiber preform, and then drawing the optical fiber preform to obtain an optical fiber.
Also, in the case of the functional fiber prepared in S1, the inner diameter of the pores in the outer cover prepared in S3 is larger than the outer diameter of the functional fiber, and/or in the case of the illumination fiber prepared in S2, the inner diameter of the pores in the outer cover prepared in S3 is larger than the outer diameter of the illumination fiber, and therefore, in the step S4, it is necessary to fixedly draw the end portions of the outer cover, the functional fiber and/or the illumination fiber at the same time when the optical fiber is drawn. That is, as long as the drawn functional fiber or illumination fiber is placed in the pore of the outer cladding before the final drawing, the outer diameters of the functional fiber and illumination fiber are usually much smaller than the pore of the outer cladding, so that when the optical fiber preform is finally drawn, the functional fiber or illumination fiber needs to be fixed at the same time, and the pore shrinks during the drawing, so that the outer cladding is attached to the functional fiber or illumination fiber.
Preferably, the preparation method of the functional fiber preform or the functional fiber comprises a double-crucible method, a fusion casting method, a tube rod method, a thermal stretching method, an evaporation method, a film winding method or an extrusion method.
The method for preparing the illumination fiber or the illumination fiber preform comprises a hot pressing method or a film winding method; the method of preparing the outer cladding may be a hot pressing method.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in the drawing, the optical fiber structure includes an outer cladding 130, and a functional fiber 110 for transmitting laser light and an illumination fiber 120 for transmitting visible light, which are located inside the outer cladding 130, and the functional fiber 110 and the illumination fiber 120 are arranged in parallel.
Specifically, the functional fiber 110 is a quartz fiber structure for transmitting laser light of a fiber laser of 1 μm or 1.5 μm. The illumination fiber 120 comprises a two-layer light guide structure comprising a low refractive index material layer 121 on the inside and a high refractive index material layer 122 on the outside. The core layer 111 is doped with GeO2The cladding 112 is made of high-purity quartz, the core layer 111 has a diameter of 50 μm, the cladding 112 has a thickness of 50 μm, and the core and the cladding are concentric.
Preferably, the illumination fiber 120 includes an outer high refractive index material layer 122 made of a high refractive index thermoplastic polymer material PPSU with a thickness of 150 μm, which provides a large enough mechanical support for the whole optical fiber, and simultaneously realizes transmission of visible light, which is transmitted in the high refractive index material layer, and illumination aiming of the optical fiber. The low refractive index material layer 121 located on the inner side is COC and has a diameter of 50 μm. The two polymer materials are at 104poise-108The viscosity interval of the poise has an overlapping region of temperature intervals, and the drawing temperature is 400 ℃. The outermost outer cladding 130 material is PMMA. Root of whole plantThe diameter of the optical fiber was 2 mm.
Wherein the functional fiber is a high-energy laser transmission structure, and the preparation method of the optical fiber comprises
S1: preparing a functional fiber, namely a quartz optical fiber;
s2: fabricating a preform of the illumination fiber 120 that transmits visible light;
s3: preparing an outer cladding structure with a pore structure inside, wherein the diameter of the outer cladding is 20 mm;
s4: and putting the functional fiber and the illumination fiber perform into the corresponding pore of the outer cladding layer structure to obtain an optical fiber perform, fixing the end parts of the optical fiber perform and the functional fiber, and carrying out thermal drawing to obtain the multifunctional multiband laser transmission optical fiber for processing the optical fiber laser material, wherein the diameter of the drawn optical fiber is 2 mm.
In the preparation method, because the melting point of the quartz optical fiber, namely the functional fiber, is far higher than that of the illuminating fiber and the outer cladding, and the inner diameter of the pore for placing the functional fiber in the outer cladding is also far larger than the outer diameter of the functional fiber, in the co-pulling process of the step S4, the functional fiber needs to be independently fixed and placed in the outer cladding for drawing, and in the drawing process of the outer cladding, the pore in the outer cladding shrinks, so that the outer cladding is tightly attached to the functional fiber.
The preform of the illumination fiber may be directly combined with the outer cladding structure having a fine pore structure, but it is also known to those skilled in the art that the preform of the illumination fiber may be drawn into the illumination fiber and then drawn together with the outer cladding structure during the preparation process.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the same includes an outer cladding 230, and a functional fiber 210 for transmitting laser light and an illuminating fiber 220 within the outer cladding 230, the illuminating fiber 220 for transmitting visible light, the functional fiber 210 and the illuminating fiber 220 being intertwined. The fiber cross-section in this embodiment is triangular.
Specifically, the functional fiber 210 is a core fiber structure and is used for transmitting laser of a fiber laser. The core layer is Ge20As20Se15Te45The cladding is Ge20As20Se18Te42The diameter of the core layer is 200 μm, the thickness of the cladding layer is 500 μm, namely the diameter of the functional fiber is 1200 μm, and the core layer and the cladding layer are in a concentric structure. The illumination fiber 220 comprises a two-layer light guide structure comprising a low refractive index material layer on the inside and a high refractive index material layer on the outside.
Preferably, the high refractive index material layer of the illumination fiber is a high refractive index thermoplastic polymer material PPSU with a thickness of 1mm, the low refractive index thermoplastic polymer material COC is located at the inner side and has a diameter of 500 μm, i.e. the diameter of the illumination fiber is 2.5mm, and the diameter of the illumination fiber is much larger than that of the functional fiber, so that the illumination fiber can provide a large enough mechanical support for the whole optical fiber, and simultaneously realize the transmission of visible light, and realize the illumination aiming of the optical fiber. The two polymer materials are at 104poise-108There is an overlapping region of temperature intervals within the poise viscosity interval. The outermost outer cladding 230 material is PMMA. The cross section of the optical fiber is triangular, and the side length of the whole optical fiber is 6 mm.
S1: manufacturing functional fibers;
s2: manufacturing lighting fibers;
s3: winding the functional fiber and the lighting fiber into a spiral shape;
s4: and manufacturing an outer coating on the outer sides of the wound functional fiber and the lighting fiber, wherein the outer coating can be formed by coating or film winding. And finally, shaping the outer surface of the whole optical fiber to form a structure with a triangular section.
Example 3
The multiband transmission optical fiber in this embodiment includes an outer cladding 330, and a functional fiber 310 for transmitting laser light located inside the outer cladding 330; and an illumination fiber 320, the illumination fiber 320 for transmitting visible light, the functional fiber 310 and the illumination fiber 320 being arranged side by side.
Specifically, the functional fiber 310 comprises PPSU and As2Se3The optical fiber with the alternative photonic band gap structure is used for transmitting laser of the optical fiber laser. The middle of the functional fiber 310 is airThe layer 311, the cladding for wrapping the air layer 311, includes a first cladding 312 and a second cladding 313, the refractive index of the first cladding 312 is different from that of the second cladding 313, the refractive index of the first cladding 312 is higher than that of the second cladding 313, and the first cladding 312 and the second cladding 313 are alternately overlapped to form the cladding. In this embodiment, the first cladding is PPSU and the second cladding is As2Se3And the first cladding layer is disposed proximate to the core layer. The diameter of the air layer was 200 μm and the thickness of the cladding was 50 μm.
The illumination fiber 320 comprises a two-layer light guiding structure comprising a low refractive index material layer 321 on the outside and a high refractive index material layer 322 on the inside. Preferably, the high refractive index material layer 322 inside the illumination fiber 320 is a high refractive index thermoplastic polymer material COC with a diameter of 150 μm, which provides a large enough mechanical support for the whole optical fiber, and simultaneously realizes the transmission of visible light, and realizes the illumination aiming of the optical fiber. The low refractive index material layer 321 on the outside is PMMA and 50 μm thick. The two polymer materials are at 104poise-108There is an overlapping region of temperature intervals within the poise viscosity interval. The outermost outer cladding 330 material is COC.
The outer diameter of the outer cladding, i.e. the diameter of the entire fiber, was 2 mm.
The preparation method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps of S1: preparing a functional fiber preform; s2: preparing an illumination fiber preform, S3, preparing an outer cladding with fine holes, S4: and putting the functional fiber prefabricated rod and the illumination fiber prefabricated rod into the corresponding fine holes of the outer cladding layer to obtain an optical fiber prefabricated rod, and thermally drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod.
Specifically, the step S1 of preparing the functional fiber preform includes
S11: preparing double-layer film by thermal evaporation method, and using agate mortar to make chalcogenide glass As2Se3Grinding into a granular state to obtain As2Se3Filling into crucible of film coating machine, selecting evaporation cover matched with crucible caliber, coating required PPSU polymer film on evaporation roller, sealing whole film coating chamber, and loading As2Se3Glass is evenly evaporated on the PPSU polymer film, namelyObtaining PPSU-As2Se3A double layer film.
Preferably, the thickness of the PPSU film is 25 μm, the size of the PPSU film is 30cm multiplied by 90cm, As2Se3Glass charge 100g, As2Se3The vacuum degree in the chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 during the glass evaporation-4Pa, said As2Se3The glass evaporation temperature is 415 ℃, and the evaporation rate is
Figure BDA0002396697380000091
The evaporation thickness is 25 mu m, the PPSU needs to be scrubbed by alcohol before film coating, a radio frequency power supply is used for cleaning before film coating, the power supply power is 49w, and the air pressure in the rear cavity is stabilized to be 5.0Pa after argon is introduced. The rotational speed of the drum to which the PPSU is fixed is 30 rad/min.
S12: preparing functional fiber prefabricated rod by film winding method, and winding the above-mentioned PPSU-As2Se3A double-layer film is formed by winding a plurality of layers of PPSU-As on a round bar by a high-performance polymer film winding method2Se3Double-layer film is placed in a tube furnace for vacuum curing, and the round bar is taken down, thus obtaining the PPSU-As with hollow structure2Se3And the hollow reflector prefabricated rod of the alternate medium omnidirectional reflector layer is the functional fiber prefabricated rod.
Preferably, the PPSU-As2Se3The number of the double-layer film winding layers is 50, the diameter of the round rod is 10mm, the curing temperature is 230 ℃, and the diameter of the functional optical fiber preform is 15 mm.
The step S2 is to fabricate the illumination optical fiber preform by a hot pressing method, specifically: s21: manufacturing a low-refractive-index material layer by a hot pressing method, filling PMMA polymer particles into a hot press mold, wherein the mold is provided with a semi-cylinder groove with the diameter of 17.5mm and the length of 180mm, putting the mold between an upper heating plate and a lower heating plate of the hot press, setting the hot pressing temperature to be 120 ℃, and the hot pressing pressure to be 30MPa, and hot-pressing the PMMA polymer particles into a semi-cylinder rod with the diameter of 17.5mm and the length of 180 mm; repeating the steps to prepare another semi-cylindrical rod; respectively placing the two semi-cylindrical bodies prepared in the step into two dies, stacking the two dies to enable the two semi-cylindrical rods to be spliced into a complete cylinder, and placing the complete cylinder into a hot press to be hot-pressed into a cylindrical solid rod; the surface is polished and polished to be smooth. PMMA rods with an outer diameter of 17.5mm and a pore diameter of 2.5mm were obtained
And (3) manufacturing a COC cylindrical solid rod with the outer diameter of 2.5mm and no aperture by the same method, and putting the COC cylindrical solid rod into a central hole of the PMMA cylindrical solid rod to obtain the illumination fiber preform.
S3, preparing an outer cladding layer with holes, wherein the diameter of the outer cladding layer is 100mm, and two fine holes with the diameters of 15mm and 17.5mm are drilled in the complete cylinder after the manufacture, which is the same as the step of manufacturing the PMMA polymer round rod in the illumination optical fiber preform rod by the hot pressing method in the step S2.
S4: and respectively placing the functional fiber prefabricated rod and the illumination fiber prefabricated rod into the fine holes of the outer cladding layer to obtain the optical fiber prefabricated rod. And thermally drawing the optical fiber preform to obtain the optical fiber integrating illumination and laser transmission.
Example 4:
as shown in FIG. 4, a schematic view of the optical fiber of this example 4 is shown, and the optical fiber has a square outer shape. The optical fiber comprises an outer cladding 430, and a functional fiber 410 and an illumination fiber 420 within the outer cladding, the functional fiber 410 and the illumination fiber 420 being arranged side by side. Also, in this embodiment, the number of illumination fibers is three, and the illumination fibers are uniformly arranged around the functional fibers.
The functional fiber is a core cladding structure, which comprises a core layer positioned on the inner side and a cladding layer positioned on the outer side, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer, and the core layer and the cladding layer are made of chalcogenide glass, specifically, the core layer is Ge20As20Se15Te45The cladding layer 412 is Ge20As20Se18Te42The diameter of the core layer is 200 μm, the thickness of the cladding layer is 500 μm, and the core layer and the cladding layer are concentric.
The lighting fiber 420 comprises a low refractive index material layer on the inside and a high refractive index material layer on the outside, the high refractive index material layer 422 being PPSU with a thickness of 1mm and the low refractive index material layer being PMMA with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The outer cladding was PMMA, and the outer diameter of the outer cladding, i.e., the side length of the entire fiber, was 5 mm.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 5, a schematic view of the optical fiber of this embodiment is shown, and the optical fiber has a square shape. The optical fiber comprises an outer cladding 530, and a functional fiber 510 and an illumination fiber 520 within the outer cladding, the functional fiber 510 and the illumination fiber 520 being arranged side by side.
The functional fiber is in a core cladding structure, and comprises a core layer positioned on the inner side and a cladding layer positioned on the outer side, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer, the core layer and the cladding layer are made of chalcogenide glass, and specifically, the core layer is Ge20As20Se15Te45The cladding is Ge20As20Se18Te42The diameter of the core layer is 200 μm, the thickness of the cladding layer is 500 μm, and the core layer and the cladding layer are concentric.
The illumination fiber 520 comprises a micro LED light emitting assembly with a diameter of 2mm, the illumination fiber 520 comprises a substrate and an array of micro LED light emitting assemblies fixed on the substrate. The micro LED light-emitting component array is directly adsorbed on the surface of the substrate or arranged on the end face of the substrate. The outer cladding material is PPSU, and the side length of the whole optical fiber is 5 mm.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic view of the optical fiber of this embodiment, the cross section of the optical fiber is triangular. The optical fiber comprises an outer cladding 630 and a functional fiber 610 and an illumination fiber 620 within the outer cladding, the functional fiber 610 and the illumination fiber 620 being arranged side by side. The illumination fiber comprises three.
The functional fiber is in a core cladding structure, and comprises a core layer positioned on the inner side and a cladding layer positioned on the outer side, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer, the core layer and the cladding layer are made of chalcogenide glass, and specifically, the core layer is Ge20As20Se15Te45The cladding is Ge20As20Se18Te42The diameter of the core layer is 200 μm, the thickness of the cladding layer is 500 μm, and the core layer and the cladding layer are concentric circles.
The illumination fibers 620 are luminescent fibers. The luminescent fiber comprises at least one group of electrodes, a luminescent layer and a substrate, wherein the substrate wraps the luminescent layer and the electrodes, the electrodes comprise inner electrodes and transparent outer electrodes which are oppositely arranged, the sizes of the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes are both 10 mu m-20 mu m, and the luminescent layer is positioned between the inner electrodes and the outer electrodes and is an electroluminescent material. Preferably, the light emitting layer is a liquid crystal material, or a PMMA/ZnS composite material.
The outermost cladding material is PMMA, and the side length of the whole optical fiber is 5 mm.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (11)

1. A multiband transmission optical fiber, characterized by: the lighting fiber comprises an outer cladding layer, and a functional fiber and at least one lighting fiber which are positioned in the outer cladding layer; the functional fiber is used for transmitting laser, the illumination fiber is used for transmitting visible light, and the functional fiber and the illumination fiber are mutually wound in the outer coating;
the functional optical fiber is a core cladding structure or a photonic band gap structure optical fiber;
the core cladding structure comprises a core layer positioned on the inner side and a cladding layer positioned on the outer side and concentrically arranged, and the refractive index of the core layer is higher than that of the cladding layer;
the photonic band gap structure fiber comprises an air layer positioned in the center and a cladding wrapping the air layer, the cladding comprises a first cladding and a second cladding, the first cladding and the second cladding are sequentially and alternately stacked, the refractive index of the first cladding is higher than that of the second cladding, and the air layer is adjacent to the first cladding;
the illumination fiber is an optical fiber, a light-emitting fiber or a structure containing a micro LED light-emitting component.
2. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: when the number of the lighting fibers is at least two, the functional fibers are positioned in the center, and the lighting fibers uniformly surround the outer sides of the functional fibers.
3. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the intertwining is a helical or braided intertwining.
4. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 2, wherein: when the lighting fiber and the functional fiber are mutually wound, the functional fiber is wound together with the lighting fiber; or the functional fiber is located in the center, and the illuminating fibers are intertwined with each other and surround the functional fiber.
5. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber is of at least two-layer structure and comprises a low-refractive-index material layer and a high-refractive-index material layer, visible light is transmitted in the high-refractive-index material layer, and the low-refractive-index material layer is used for separating the high-refractive-index material layer.
6. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 5, wherein: the low refractive index material layer and the high refractive index material layer are any two thermoplastic polymers with the refractive index difference larger than 0.01;
and, the low refractive index materialLayers and high refractive index material layers at 104poise-108An overlapping region having a temperature range within the poise viscosity range;
the outer coating material is thermoplastic polymer.
7. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 6, wherein: the materials of the low refractive index material layer, the high refractive index material layer and the outer cladding layer are any one of carbonate polymers, sulfone polymers, etherimide polymers, acrylate polymers, cyclic olefin copolymers, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and fluorine-containing polymers or a blend formed by any combination of the above substances.
8. The multiband transmission optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the optical fiber is circular, square, triangular or regular polygon;
the material of the functional fiber can be polymer, chalcogenide glass, germanate glass, tellurate glass, metal oxide glass, quartz material, sapphire, fluoride glass or any combination of the above materials.
9. A method of manufacturing a multiband transmission optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
s1: preparing functional fiber;
s2: preparing lighting fibers;
s3: winding the functional fiber pre-lighting fibers around each other;
s4: and preparing an outer cladding layer on the outer sides of the wound functional fibers and the lighting fibers.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: in step S4, the method of preparing the outer cover is coating or film winding.
11. The method of making an optical fiber according to claim 9, wherein:
the preparation method of the functional fiber preform or the functional fiber comprises a double-crucible method, a fusion casting method, a tube rod method, a thermal stretching method, an evaporation method, a film winding method or an extrusion method;
the method for preparing the illumination fiber or the illumination fiber preform comprises a hot pressing method or a film winding method;
the method of preparing the outer cladding may be a hot pressing method.
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