CN111472396A - Rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device and test method based on long-exposure observation - Google Patents
Rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device and test method based on long-exposure observation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111472396A CN111472396A CN202010594650.9A CN202010594650A CN111472396A CN 111472396 A CN111472396 A CN 111472396A CN 202010594650 A CN202010594650 A CN 202010594650A CN 111472396 A CN111472396 A CN 111472396A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotating hyperbolic pile soil model test device and a test method based on long exposure observation, and belongs to the technical field of foundation stabilization. The test device comprises a model cavity, a loading mechanism and an observation mechanism, wherein the model cavity comprises a containing cavity formed by transparent rotating hyperboloids in a surrounding mode, the loading mechanism comprises a support frame, a reaction beam is fixedly connected onto the support frame, a loading driving part is arranged on one side of the reaction beam, facing the model cavity, and the observation mechanism comprises at least three photosensitive imaging devices with a long exposure function. The test method comprises the steps of organizing a model cavity, filling soil, arranging a pile foundation, arranging photosensitive imaging equipment, loading, analyzing and calculating. The invention utilizes the rotating hyperboloid-shaped model cavity to improve the horizontal stress of the pile body in the model in the soil body, is beneficial to reproducing the pile body of the in-situ soil body more truly, improves the test reliability, and utilizes the long-exposure observation mechanism to record the loading process and observe and calculate the deformation characteristic of the model in the three-dimensional environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation stabilization, and relates to a model test device and a test method, in particular to a rotating hyperbolic pile soil model test device and a test method based on long-exposure observation.
Background
The pile foundation is a force transmission component which transmits all or part of the load of the upper layer to the foundation soil and has certain rigidity and bending resistance, and the pile foundation improves the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduces the settlement by transmitting the upper load to the firm rock-soil layer, so that the pile foundation is widely applied to buildings, wharfs and traffic civil engineering. Therefore, it is very important to confirm the forced deformation characteristic of the pile foundation for foundation reinforcement. At present, in pile foundation engineering, a load test is an important research technical means, and can reveal pile-soil interaction. The load test comprises a field test and an indoor model test, wherein the field test has more uncontrollable factors and high cost. The indoor model test can analyze single influence factors, so that understanding of the pile-soil action mechanism is facilitated to be deepened, but the existing model test method is limited by a field, the depth of a pile body penetrating into a soil body is shallow, the in-situ soil body stress state is difficult to accurately reproduce, and the deformation of a three-dimensional model is difficult to comprehensively observe and quantify.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a rotating hyperbolic pile soil model test device and a test method based on long-exposure observation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: rotatory hyperbolic pile soil model test device based on long exposure is surveyd includes:
the model chamber, the model chamber includes the transparent appearance chamber of rotatory hyperboloid of being made by ya keli material, the one end in model chamber is connected with the guide cylinder, sliding connection has the piston in the guide cylinder, the axial displacement of guide cylinder is followed to the piston, one side that the model chamber was kept away from to the piston is provided with the piston driving piece that the drive piston removed.
The loading mechanism comprises a support frame, a counter-force beam is fixedly connected to the support frame, a loading driving piece is arranged on one side, facing the model cavity, of the counter-force beam, a loading plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the loading driving piece, and a displacement meter is fixedly connected to the loading plate.
Observation mechanism, observation mechanism includes that at least three has the sensitization imaging element of long exposure function, sensitization imaging element comprises sensitization imaging equipment and filter lens, fixedly connected with installation sensitization imaging equipment's annular slide rail on the support frame, annular slide rail encircles in the periphery in model chamber, filter lens is located between sensitization imaging equipment and the model chamber.
Further, still include the flattening subassembly, the flattening subassembly includes the connecting rod, the tip of connecting rod articulates there is the scraper, still articulated on the scraper have a control lever, control lever and connecting rod are connected in the same one side of scraper.
Further, still include the compaction subassembly, the compaction subassembly includes the closing plate, the external diameter of closing plate is greater than the internal diameter that the guide cylinder one end was kept away from in the model chamber, fixedly connected with gasbag on the closing plate, the gasbag is located one side towards the model chamber, sealing connection has the intake pipe with the gasbag intercommunication on the closing plate, the intake pipe runs through the closing plate.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the joint of the guide cylinder and the model cavity is consistent, and a sealing ring is arranged between the guide cylinder and the piston.
Further, the mounting panel that is connected with on the support frame fixedly, set up the through-hole with the output matched with of loading driving piece on the mounting panel, loading driving piece fixed connection is on the mounting panel, the loading driving piece is located between mounting panel and the counter-force roof beam.
Furthermore, sliding connection has the mount pad on the annular slide rail, filtering lens fixed connection is on the mount pad, sensitization imaging equipment can dismantle with the mount pad and be connected.
Further, still include supporting component, supporting component includes base and height-adjustable's pillar, pillar fixed connection keeps away from one side of guide cylinder in the base, the through hole has been seted up on the base, the internal diameter of through hole is greater than the external diameter of piston, and is less than the external diameter of guide cylinder.
Furthermore, a positioning piece for positioning the guide cylinder is arranged on the base.
The invention also provides a test method of the rotating hyperbolic pile soil model test device based on long exposure observation, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, assembling the mould cavity, and adjusting the height of the piston by using the piston driving piece to enable the upper surface of the piston to be flush with the lower edge of the mould cavity.
S2, filling transparent soil into the model cavity in a layered mode, meanwhile, uniformly scattering fluorescent particles, and leveling and compacting the soil in the model cavity when filling one layer of soil.
And S3, prefabricating a pile foundation, arranging the pile foundation in the model cavity, and pressurizing the piston by using the piston driving piece.
S4, the photosensitive imaging device is mounted on the annular slide rail, the filter lens is located between the lens of the photosensitive imaging device and the model cavity, and the exposure duration and the exposure interval of the photosensitive imaging device are set.
S5, loading the pile foundation by using the loading driving piece, wherein the loading mode comprises load control and displacement control, and the photosensitive imaging equipment shoots and records the condition in the model cavity.
S6, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the pictures shot by the photosensitive imaging equipment at different positions, calculating the displacement track of the model in the three-dimensional environment, and calculating the specific displacement; and carrying out binarization processing on the photos shot by the photosensitive imaging equipment at the same position and at different moments, combining the photos, and observing the deformation characteristic of the model under the action of load.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) through the model cavity of setting up rotatory hyperboloid shape, utilize the piston pressurization of setting in model cavity below, can turn into the lateral force with the vertical force that the piston was applyed to improve the horizontal stress that the pile body received in the soil body, be favorable to overcoming because of the small, shallow depth of pile body penetration soil body of model size, the soil body lateral stress undersize's that causes defect, reappeared the normal position soil body state more truly, and then be favorable to promoting the model test reliability.
2) And recording the motion trail of the fluorescent particles in the soil by utilizing the long exposure of the photosensitive imaging equipment, and observing the deformation characteristic of the model under the load action. The result is shot and recorded by photosensitive imaging equipment at different positions on the periphery of the model cavity, so that the three-dimensional reconstruction of the picture of the model cavity can be performed, the deformation characteristic of the model in a three-dimensional environment is calculated, and a theoretical basis is provided for the design and application of a pile foundation.
3) By adopting the test device and the test method, the pile soil model test is carried out by adopting the rotating hyperboloid-shaped model cavity, the test implementation flow is clear, the operability is strong, and the test result is accurate and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the mold cavity and leveling assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a compaction kit according to the invention.
In the figure, 1, a mold cavity; 2. a guide cylinder; 3. a piston; 4. a piston driver; 5. a support frame; 6. a counter-force beam; 7. loading the driving member; 8. a loading plate; 9. a displacement meter; 10. a photosensitive image forming apparatus; 11. an annular slide rail; 12. a filter lens; 13. a connecting rod; 14. a scraper; 15. a control lever; 16. a sealing plate; 17. an air bag; 18. an air inlet pipe; 19. mounting a plate; 20. a mounting seat; 21. a base; 22. a pillar; 23. a positioning member.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: rotatory hyperbolic pile soil model test device based on long exposure is surveyd includes: the model cavity 1 is a rotating hyperboloid transparent cavity made of acrylic materials, the upper end opening of the model cavity 1 is smaller, the lower end opening is larger, and the lower end of the model cavity 1 is connected with a guide cylinder 2. The model cavity 1 and the guide cylinder 2 of this embodiment are connected through a flange, the flange is welded at the upper end of the guide cylinder 2, the flange is connected at the bottom of the model groove, the outer diameter of the guide cylinder 2 is consistent with that of the flange, and the inner diameter is consistent with that of the lower end of the model groove. A piston 3 is connected in the guide cylinder 2 in a sliding mode, so that the piston 3 can only slide up and down in the guide cylinder 2 along the vertical direction, and a sealing ring is arranged between the guide cylinder 2 and the piston 3 to prevent soil in the mold cavity 1 from falling into a gap between the piston 3 and the guide cylinder 2. A piston driving member 4 for driving the piston 3 to move is arranged below the piston 3, where the piston driving member 4 may be a driving member such as a jack, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, etc., and the piston driving member 4 adopted in this embodiment is a hydraulic servo jack.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to fix and install the mold cavity 1, the testing apparatus of the present embodiment further includes a supporting assembly, the supporting assembly includes a base 21 and a height-adjustable pillar 22, the base 21 is used for placing the guide cylinder 2 and the mold cavity 1, and the pillar 22 is used for supporting the base 21. In order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the testing device, a through hole is formed in the base 21, the inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the piston 3 and smaller than the guide cylinder 2, the piston 3 can pass through the through hole, the piston driving part 4 is arranged below the through hole, and the output end of the piston driving part 4 penetrates through the through hole to be abutted to the lower surface of the piston 3. The pillar 22 with adjustable height that here adopted is the sleeve structure, and pillar 22 comprises outer tube and inner tube, and the external diameter of inner tube equals the internal diameter of outer tube, makes the inner tube freely slide in the outer tube, all sets up threaded hole on inner tube and outer tube, and threaded hole on the inner tube has seted up a plurality ofly along its length direction, through reciprocating the inner tube like this, realizes the regulation to the height, when highly fixing it, adopt the bolt to twist in the threaded hole of inner tube and outer tube can. Be provided with the setting element 23 that advances line location to guide cylinder 2 on base 21, the setting element 23 of this embodiment adopts positioning bolt, has seted up a plurality of constant head tanks around the through hole on base 21, and the figure of constant head tank can be three, four or more, and the constant head tank of this embodiment has seted up four, through settling positioning bolt in the constant head tank, realizes the location to guide cylinder 2 and model chamber 1, prevents that it from appearing sliding or skew in loading process.
As shown in fig. 1, the test device of the present invention includes a loading mechanism, the loading mechanism includes a support frame 5, the support frame 5 includes a plurality of support rods, a reaction beam 6 is fixedly connected to a top end of the support frame 5, a mounting plate 19 is disposed below the reaction beam 6, two ends of the mounting plate 19 are also fixedly connected to the support frame 5, a through hole matched with an output end of the loading driving member 7 is formed in the mounting plate 19, the loading driving member 7 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 19, and is located between the mounting plate 19 and the reaction beam 6, so as to conveniently improve stability of the loading mechanism in a loading process. The output end of the loading driving piece 7 is fixedly connected with a loading plate 8, the loading plate 8 is fixedly connected with a displacement meter 9, and in the loading process, a tester can adjust the loading process through load control and displacement control.
As shown in fig. 1, the testing apparatus of the present invention includes an observation mechanism, the observation mechanism includes at least three photosensitive imaging assemblies with a long exposure function, each photosensitive imaging assembly includes a photosensitive imaging device 10 and a filter lens 12, four photosensitive imaging assemblies of this embodiment are arranged around a model cavity 1, the photosensitive imaging devices 10 with four different machine positions are used to shoot and record conditions during a testing process of the model cavity 1, the photosensitive imaging device 10 here may be any existing shooting device with a long exposure function, and the photosensitive imaging device 10 adopted in this embodiment is a camera. The supporting frame 5 is fixedly connected with an annular slide rail 11 for installing the photosensitive imaging device 10, the annular slide rail 11 surrounds the periphery of the model cavity 1, in order to install and fix the photosensitive imaging device 10 conveniently, the annular slide rail 11 is connected with a mounting seat 20 in a sliding manner, and the photosensitive imaging device 10 can be fixed on the mounting seat 20 through a rope belt, a lock catch and the like. A filter lens 12 is fixedly connected to a side of the mounting base 20 facing the mold cavity 1, such that the filter lens 12 is located between the lens of the photosensitive imaging apparatus 10 and the mold cavity 1.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in order to conveniently level and compact the soil filled in the model cavity 1, the present embodiment further includes a leveling component and a compacting component, wherein the leveling component includes a connecting rod 13, a scraper 14 is hinged to an end of the connecting rod 13, a control rod 15 is hinged to the scraper 14, and the control rod 15 and the connecting rod 13 are connected to the same side of the scraper 14. When soil filled in the mold cavity 1 is leveled, one end of the leveling component, which is provided with the scraper 14, extends into the mold cavity 1, the scraper 14 is located above the soil, the connecting rod 13 is kept still, the operating rod 15 is moved, the scraper 14 is rotated to be horizontal, then the operating rod 15 is rotated by taking the connecting rod 13 as a center, the scraper 14 is horizontally rotated by taking the connecting rod 13 as a center, and the upper surface of the soil is leveled. The compaction subassembly includes closing plate 16, and the external diameter of closing plate 16 is greater than the internal diameter that guide cylinder 2 one end was kept away from to model chamber 1, makes closing plate 16 can cover in the upper end in model chamber 1, seals model chamber 1, at closing plate 16 below fixedly connected with gasbag 17, fixedly connected with and the intake pipe 18 of gasbag 17 intercommunication on the closing plate 16, and intake pipe 18 runs through closing plate 16. When the soil filled in the mold cavity 1 is pressed, the air bag 17 is placed in the mold cavity 1, the upper end of the mold cavity 1 is sealed by the sealing plate 16, and the air bag 17 is inflated through the air inlet pipe 18 to expand and compact the soil.
The testing method of the rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model testing device based on the long-exposure observation comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, adjusting the height of the strut 22 according to the test requirement to enable the base 21 to reach the designated height, then, fixing the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the strut 22 by screwing in the bolt, then, placing the piston driving part 4 below the through hole of the base 21, and adjusting the height of the piston driving part 4 to enable the top of the piston driving part to be flush with the upper surface of the base 21. The guide cylinder 2, the piston 3 and the model cavity 1 are placed on the base 21, the piston 3 is placed in the guide cylinder 2 and is abutted against the top end of the piston driving piece 4, the upper surface of the piston 3 is flush with the lower edge of the model cavity 1, a positioning bolt on the base 21 is fastened, and the guide cylinder 2 and the model cavity 1 are fixed.
S2, filling transparent soil into the model cavity 1 in a layered mode, simultaneously uniformly scattering fluorescent particles with the properties similar to those of the filled soil, inserting the leveling component into the model cavity 1 at a specified depth when filling a layer of soil, extending the connecting rod 13 in the vertical direction, moving the control rod 15, rotating the scraper 14 to be horizontal, leveling the soil by rotating the connecting rod 13, then lifting the control rod 15, and withdrawing the leveling component from the model cavity 1. The air bag 17 of the compaction assembly is plugged into the model cavity 1, the upper end of the model cavity 1 is sealed by the sealing plate 16, the air bag 17 is inflated through the air inlet pipe 18, and the air bag 17 expands to compact the soil.
And S3, prefabricating the pile foundation according to the test requirement, arranging the pile foundation in the model cavity 1, and pressurizing the piston 3 to a specified pressure by using the piston driving piece 4.
S4, the photosensitive imaging device 10 is installed on the installation seat 20 of the annular slide rail 11, and the filter lens 12 capable of projecting fluorescent particle colors is fixed on the installation seat 20, so that the lens of the photosensitive imaging device 10 passes through the filter lens 12 and faces the model cavity 1. The exposure time period and the exposure interval of the photosensitive image forming apparatus 10 are set according to experimental needs, for example, the exposure order of the photosensitive image forming apparatus 10 is set as follows: (1) turning on a flash lamp to take a picture in 1/6000s, immediately turning off the flash lamp, and starting long exposure for 10 min; (2) after the long exposure is finished, repeating the operation (1) until the test is finished.
S5, starting the loading driving part 7 to load the pile foundation, completing the loading process through load control and displacement control, and shooting and recording the conditions in the model cavity 1 by the photosensitive imaging device 10.
And S6, dividing the final pictures shot by the photosensitive imaging device 10 into a short exposure class and a long exposure class, converting all the pictures into gray-scale images, and correspondingly subtracting the gray values of the two gray-scale images produced in the operation (1) to obtain the gray value of one end of the fluorescent particle in the new gray-scale image, which is the starting point of the displacement of the fluorescent particle, of the light track. And performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the pictures shot by the photosensitive imaging equipment 10 at different positions, calculating the displacement track of the model in the three-dimensional environment, and calculating the specific displacement.
After the test is finished, the loading driving part 7 and the piston driving part 4 are unloaded, the piston 3 falls from the through hole of the base 21, soil in the model cavity 1 further falls from the lower end of the model cavity 1 along the guide cylinder 2 and the through hole, the model cavity 1 is cleaned, pile parameters and soil parameters are adjusted, and the operation is repeated to perform the next group of tests.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. Rotatory hyperbolic pile soil model test device based on long exposure is observed, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the mold comprises a mold cavity (1), wherein the mold cavity (1) comprises a containing cavity defined by transparent rotating double curved surfaces, one end of the mold cavity (1) is connected with a guide cylinder (2), a piston (3) is connected in the guide cylinder (2) in a sliding mode, the piston (3) moves along the axial direction of the guide cylinder (2), and a piston driving part (4) for driving the piston (3) to move is arranged on one side, away from the mold cavity (1), of the piston (3);
the loading mechanism comprises a support frame (5), a counter-force beam (6) is fixedly connected to the support frame (5), a loading driving piece (7) is arranged on one side, facing the model cavity (1), of the counter-force beam (6), the output end of the loading driving piece (7) is fixedly connected with a loading plate (8), and a displacement meter (9) is fixedly connected to the loading plate (8);
observation mechanism, observation mechanism includes that at least three has the sensitization imaging element of long exposure function, sensitization imaging element comprises sensitization imaging device (10) and filter lens (12), fixedly connected with annular slide rail (11) of installation sensitization imaging device (10) on support frame (5), annular slide rail (11) encircle in the periphery of model chamber (1), filter lens (12) are located between sensitization imaging device (10) and model chamber (1).
2. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: still include the flattening subassembly, the flattening subassembly includes connecting rod (13), the tip of connecting rod (13) articulates there is scraper (14), still articulate on scraper (14) has control lever (15), control lever (15) and connecting rod (13) are connected in the same one side of scraper (14).
3. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: still include the compaction subassembly, the compaction subassembly includes closing plate (16), the external diameter of closing plate (16) is greater than the internal diameter that guide cylinder (2) one end was kept away from in model chamber (1), fixedly connected with gasbag (17) on closing plate (16), gasbag (17) are located the one side towards model chamber (1), sealing connection has intake pipe (18) with gasbag (17) intercommunication on closing plate (16), intake pipe (18) run through closing plate (16).
4. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the joint of the guide cylinder (2) and the model cavity (1) is consistent, and a sealing ring is arranged between the guide cylinder (2) and the piston (3).
5. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: mounting panel (19) that fixed connection has on support frame (5), set up the output matched with through-hole with loading driving piece (7) on mounting panel (19), loading driving piece (7) fixed connection is on mounting panel (19), loading driving piece (7) are located between mounting panel (19) and counter-force roof beam (6).
6. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: sliding connection has mount pad (20) on annular slide rail (11), filtering lens (12) fixed connection is on mount pad (20), sensitization imaging equipment (10) can be dismantled with mount pad (20) and be connected.
7. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 1, characterized in that: still include supporting component, supporting component includes base (21) and height-adjustable's pillar (22), pillar (22) fixed connection is in the one side of base (21) keeping away from guide cylinder (2), the through hole has been seted up on base (21), the internal diameter of through hole is greater than the external diameter of piston (3), and is less than the external diameter of guide cylinder (2).
8. The rotating hyperbolic pile-soil model test device based on long-exposure observation according to claim 7, characterized in that: and a positioning piece (23) for positioning the guide cylinder (2) is arranged on the base (21).
9. The test method of the rotating hyperbolic soil-pile model test device based on long-exposure observation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the model cavity (1), and adjusting the height of the piston (3) by using the piston driving piece (4) to enable the upper surface of the piston (3) to be flush with the lower edge of the model cavity (1);
s2, filling transparent soil into the model cavity (1) in a layered manner, and simultaneously uniformly scattering fluorescent particles, wherein when one layer of soil is filled, the soil in the model cavity (1) is leveled and compacted;
s3, prefabricating a pile foundation, arranging the pile foundation in the model cavity (1), and pressurizing the piston (3) by using the piston driving piece (4);
s4, mounting the photosensitive imaging device (10) on an annular slide rail (11), enabling the filter lens (12) to be located between a lens of the photosensitive imaging device (10) and the model cavity (1), and setting the exposure duration and the exposure interval of the photosensitive imaging device (10);
s5, loading the pile foundation by using a loading driving piece (7), wherein the loading mode comprises load control and displacement control, and the photosensitive imaging device (10) shoots and records the condition in the model cavity (1);
s6, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the pictures shot by the photosensitive imaging equipment (10) at different positions, calculating the displacement track of the model in the three-dimensional environment, and calculating the specific displacement; and (3) carrying out binarization processing on the photos shot by the photosensitive imaging device (10) at the same position and at different moments, combining the photos, and observing the deformation characteristic of the model under the action of load.
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| CN114113542A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南科技学院 | Rock soil and underground engineering model test traffic dynamic load simulation device |
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| CN112663692A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-16 | 东北电力大学 | Model test tank system and method considering soil body in-situ stress state |
| CN113484067A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 无锡景泰环境技术有限公司 | Sampling method and system for indexes of soil metal, SVoc and pesticide in field investigation |
| CN113484067B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-06-11 | 无锡景泰环境技术有限公司 | Sampling method and system for soil metal, SVoc and pesticide indexes of field investigation |
| CN114113542A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 湖南科技学院 | Rock soil and underground engineering model test traffic dynamic load simulation device |
| CN114113542B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-11-14 | 湖南科技学院 | Rock-soil and underground engineering model test traffic dynamic load simulation device |
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