CN111468738A - Nano silver-copper alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nano silver-copper alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111468738A CN111468738A CN202010302128.9A CN202010302128A CN111468738A CN 111468738 A CN111468738 A CN 111468738A CN 202010302128 A CN202010302128 A CN 202010302128A CN 111468738 A CN111468738 A CN 111468738A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/12—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from gaseous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
- C22C5/08—Alloys based on silver with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
Abstract
The invention discloses a nano silver-copper alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nano silver-copper alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-50nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material form copper oxide; after the gaseous alloy is cooled by the supersonic inert gas flow, only the copper metal atoms exposed on the outer surface can be oxidized and the silver metal atoms are not oxidized when the gaseous alloy is cooled at normal temperature, so that the conductivity of the alloy material is better, and the particle size of the nano alloy particles is small, so that the number of the exposed metal atoms on the surface is large, and the sterilization capability and the virus killing capability are strong; according to the preparation method, the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter the filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the inert gas flow passes through the filter layer through the filter holes, the alloy particles are intercepted by the filter layer, the discharge of the nano alloy particles along with the inert gas is effectively reduced, the resource waste is avoided, and the cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a nano silver-copper alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Silver has been recognized as a safe and reliable germicidal material. The bactericidal effect of nano silver is more difficult to replace by other inorganic materials. However, there are technical obstacles in different degrees in the production method of nano silver and in the popularization and application of various industries.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a silver alloy composite nano material, which comprises the following steps: preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and at least one of copper, zinc, magnesium, aluminum and titanium; the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of a direct current power supply and forms an electric arc with a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and silver metal atoms are fully mixed with at least one of copper, zinc, magnesium, aluminum and titanium metal atoms to form a gaseous alloy; along with metal gasification, rapidly cooling the gaseous alloy by using air flow with 0.5-1.5 times of sound velocity; collecting the cooled powder to obtain the silver alloy composite nano material; the following disadvantages still exist: (1) the preparation method of the silver alloy composite nanomaterial uses supersonic cooling air to cool gas metal, and the obtained composite nanomaterial is formed by compounding silver metal and other metal oxides (essentially belonging to semiconductors), wherein other metals are in a complete oxidation state, the conductivity is not excellent enough, and the sterilization performance needs to be improved; (2) the separation effect of the gas and the nanoparticles in the preparation method of the silver alloy composite nanomaterial needs to be further optimized, and the nanoparticles are discharged along with the gas, so that resource waste is caused, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a nano silver-copper alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps: (1) after gaseous alloy is cooled by supersonic inert gas flow, the obtained alloy material of nano silver metal and nano copper metal is obtained, when the alloy material is cooled at normal temperature, only copper metal atoms exposed on the outer surface can be oxidized, copper metal atoms inside the alloy material are not oxidized, silver metal atoms are not easily oxidized at normal temperature and are easily oxidized only at high temperature, so that the silver metal atoms are not oxidized, and the problems that the existing silver alloy composite nano material is formed by compounding silver metal and other metal oxides, other metals are in a complete oxidation state, the electric conductivity is not good enough, and the sterilization performance is still to be improved are solved; (2) the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter the filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained, the filter layer is a superfine fiber membrane made of superfine fibers, when the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter the filter layer, the inert gas flow passes through the filter layer through the filter holes, and the alloy particles are intercepted by the filter layer, so that the problems that the separation effect of gas and the nano particles in the existing preparation method of the silver alloy composite nano material is not good, the nano particles can be discharged along with the gas, the resource waste is caused, and the cost is high are solved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
40-80% of silver;
the balance of copper;
the alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-50nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material are formed into copper oxide.
As a further scheme of the invention: the particle size of the nano silver-copper alloy particles is 15nm-30 nm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and copper;
step S2, the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of the direct current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper metal atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy; wherein the temperature of an arc formed by the anode conductor and the cathode is more than 5000 ℃;
step S3, cooling the gaseous alloy with an inert gas flow with 1-1.4 times of the sound velocity while gasifying the metal;
and step S4, collecting the powder cooled at normal temperature to obtain the nano silver-copper alloy material.
As a further scheme of the invention: the step S3 further includes: and mixing the cooled alloy and inert gas flow with air, entering a powder collecting device through a pipeline, and performing gas-solid separation.
As a further scheme of the invention: the inert gas flow is a helium gas flow.
The nano silver-copper alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal wire rod: weaving silver metal wires and copper metal wires into mixed metal wires with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and cold rolling and calendering the mixed metal wires into a composite metal wire rod with the diameter of 5 mm;
step two: and (3) gasification: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor and forms an electric arc with a cathode under the conditions of direct-current voltage of 36V and current of 1050A, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a fog-like metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: condensation: along with metal gasification, separating the gaseous alloy from a high-temperature area by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound, and rapidly cooling to form alloy particles with the diameter of 15-50 nm when the metal returns to a solid state from a gaseous state;
step four: collecting: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
As a further scheme of the invention: the filtering material in the filtering layer is a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and propylene or a copolymer of fluoroethylene and propylene.
As a further scheme of the invention: the gas-solid separation of the alloy particles is realized by forming a soft agglomeration effect through electrostatic adsorption of a filter layer, and the filter layer obtains the electrostatic adsorption capacity by charging the filter layer through an electrode.
As a further scheme of the invention: the purities of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 99.9%, and the diameters of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 0.4 mm-0.8 mm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the electric arc is more than 5000 ℃, and the length of the electric arc is 30 mm.
As a further scheme of the invention: a preparation method of a nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
step T1, dissolving a polymer in a mixed solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution, injecting the polymer spinning solution into an outer tube of a coaxial spinneret of electrostatic spinning equipment, sending gas into an inner tube of the coaxial spinneret, and performing coaxial electrostatic spinning to obtain superfine fibers;
and T2, directly depositing the superfine fibers on the receiving electrode plate to form a superfine fiber filtering membrane to obtain the filtering layer, wherein the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.1-9 mu m, the thickness of the superfine fiber membrane is 0.5-5 mm, and the diameter of the filtering holes is 0.1-7 mu m.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps that the mixed solvent is two of chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, butanol, carbon disulfide and water, and consists of a low-boiling-point solvent and a high-boiling-point solvent, wherein the boiling point of the low-boiling-point solvent is lower than 60 ℃, the boiling point of the high-boiling-point solvent is higher than that of the low-boiling-point solvent, and the volume ratio of the low-boiling-point solvent to the high-boiling-point solvent is 1-8: 1; the polymer is polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyformaldehyde, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, aliphatic polyester copolymer, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a method for preparing nano silver-copper alloy material, which comprises cooling gaseous alloy by supersonic inert gas flow to obtain nano silver metal and nano copper metal alloy material, wherein only the copper metal atoms exposed on the outer surface are oxidized while the copper metal atoms inside are not oxidized, and the silver metal atoms are not easily oxidized at normal temperature and are easily oxidized only at high temperature, so that the silver metal atoms are not oxidized, therefore, the alloy material has better conductivity and sterilization performance, the better the conductivity of the material is, the stronger the interference capability on the bioelectric field of microorganism is, the stronger the capability of killing microorganism is, thereby killing super bacteria and virus, and the oxidation at natural normal temperature effectively prevents the agglomeration of the silver metal atoms, the nano alloy particles are only 15-50 nm in size and very small in particle size, and the smaller the particle size of the nano alloy particles is, the more the number of metal atoms exposed on the surface is, and the stronger the sterilization capacity and the virus killing capacity is; secondly, the copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the nano alloy material are oxides, so that the safety of the alloy material in application can be ensured, and the copper metal powder is unsafe and easy to combust and explode;
in addition, the combined material of the metal silver atoms and the metal copper atoms has better conductivity than the combined material of the metal silver atoms and the metal oxide (belonging to a semiconductor), not only has more excellent bactericidal performance, but also expands wider application prospects in the fields of electronics and new energy.
The obtained silver-copper alloy composite nano material is detected by a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope, so that the obtained particles are relatively uniform;
the nano silver-copper alloy material is prepared into a medical sterilization product, and tested by an authority, and the antibacterial rate of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus which represent conventional strains and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus which represent super bacteria can reach more than 99 percent;
(2) according to the preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material, the inert gas flow carries alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained, the filter layer is a superfine fiber membrane made of superfine fibers, when the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter the filter layer, the inert gas flow passes through the filter layer through filter holes, and the alloy particles are intercepted by the filter layer; the preparation method completes effective separation of inert gas and nano alloy particles, effectively reduces discharge of the nano alloy particles along with the inert gas, avoids resource waste and saves cost.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an enlarged scanning electronic microscope image of the nano silver-copper alloy material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a nano silver-copper alloy material, which is composed of the following components by weight percent:
40% of silver;
the balance of copper;
the alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-50nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material are formed into copper oxide.
The preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and copper;
step S2, the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of the direct current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper metal atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy; wherein the temperature of an arc formed by the anode conductor and the cathode is more than 5000 ℃;
step S3, cooling the gaseous alloy with an inert gas flow with 1-1.4 times of the sound velocity while gasifying the metal;
and step S4, collecting the powder cooled at normal temperature to obtain the nano silver-copper alloy material.
In the present invention, the step S3 further includes: and mixing the cooled alloy and inert gas flow with air, entering a powder collecting device through a pipeline, and then carrying out gas-solid separation, wherein the powder collecting device can be a powder collecting device in the prior art or a filter layer in the specific implementation mode of the invention, and the gas-solid separation effect is realized through the filter layer.
The inert gas flow is a helium gas flow.
The nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of silver metal wire and 60 parts of copper metal wire;
the nano silver-copper alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a silver metal wire and a copper metal wire to obtain a composite metal wire rod;
step two: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of a direct-current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and silver metal atoms and copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: cooling the gaseous alloy by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound while gasifying the metal;
step four: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
The purities of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 99.9%, and the diameters of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 0.4 mm-0.8 mm.
A preparation method of a nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal wire rod: weaving silver metal wires and copper metal wires into mixed metal wires with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and cold rolling and calendering the mixed metal wires into a composite metal wire rod with the diameter of 5 mm;
step two: and (3) gasification: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor and forms an electric arc with a cathode under the conditions of direct-current voltage of 36V and current of 1050A, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a fog-like metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: condensation: along with metal gasification, separating the gaseous alloy from a high-temperature area by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound, and rapidly cooling to enable the metal to return to a solid state from a gaseous state to form alloy particles with the diameter of 15-30 nanometers;
step four: collecting: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
The temperature of the electric arc is more than 5000 ℃, and the length of the electric arc is 30 mm.
The preparation method of the filter layer comprises the following steps:
step T1, dissolving a polymer in a mixed solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution, injecting the polymer spinning solution into an outer tube of a coaxial spinneret of electrostatic spinning equipment, sending gas into an inner tube of the coaxial spinneret, and performing coaxial electrostatic spinning to obtain superfine fibers;
and T2, directly depositing the superfine fibers on the receiving electrode plate to form a superfine fiber filtering membrane to obtain the filtering layer, wherein the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.1-9 mu m, the thickness of the superfine fiber membrane is 0.5-5 mm, and the diameter of the filtering holes is 0.1-7 mu m.
The mixed solvent is two of chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, butanol, carbon disulfide and water, and consists of a low-boiling-point solvent and a high-boiling-point solvent, wherein the boiling point of the low-boiling-point solvent is lower than 60 ℃, the boiling point of the high-boiling-point solvent is higher than that of the low-boiling-point solvent, and the volume ratio of the low-boiling-point solvent to the high-boiling-point solvent is 1-8: 1; the polymer is polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyformaldehyde, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, aliphatic polyester copolymer, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The mixed solvent can be N, N-dimethylformamide or formic acid in the embodiment; the polymer is polymethyl methacrylate.
The nano silver-copper alloy material in the embodiment 1 is prepared into a medical sterilization product, and tested by an authority, and the antibacterial rate of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus representing conventional strains and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus representing super bacteria can reach 99.15%;
example 2:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a nano silver-copper alloy material, which is composed of the following components by weight percent:
60% of silver;
the balance of copper;
the alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-30nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material are formed into copper oxide.
The preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and copper;
step S2, the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of the direct current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper metal atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy; wherein the temperature of an arc formed by the anode conductor and the cathode is more than 5000 ℃;
step S3, cooling the gaseous alloy with an inert gas flow with 1-1.4 times of the sound velocity while gasifying the metal;
and step S4, collecting the powder cooled at normal temperature to obtain the nano silver-copper alloy material.
The inert gas flow is a helium gas flow.
The nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of silver metal wire and 40 parts of copper metal wire;
the nano silver-copper alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a silver metal wire and a copper metal wire to obtain a composite metal wire rod;
step two: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of a direct-current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and silver metal atoms and copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: cooling the gaseous alloy by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound while gasifying the metal;
step four: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
The purities of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 99.9%, and the diameters of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 0.4 mm-0.8 mm.
A preparation method of a nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal wire rod: weaving silver metal wires and copper metal wires into mixed metal wires with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and cold rolling and calendering the mixed metal wires into a composite metal wire rod with the diameter of 5 mm;
step two: and (3) gasification: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor and forms an electric arc with a cathode under the conditions of direct-current voltage of 36V and current of 1050A, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a fog-like metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: condensation: along with metal gasification, separating the gaseous alloy from a high-temperature area by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound, and rapidly cooling to form alloy particles with the diameter of 15-30 nm when the metal returns to a solid state from a gaseous state;
step four: collecting: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
In the invention, the excellent conductivity of the nano silver-copper alloy is utilized, the electrostatic adsorption capacity of the filtering material of the filtering layer enables silver-copper alloy particles to quickly form a soft aggregation effect, the size of the soft aggregation is more than 50 mu m, so that more silver-copper alloy particles can be retained in the soft aggregation, the yield is improved, and the comprehensive performance of the material is also improved, wherein the filtering material can be a copolymer of acid-alkali-resistant and high-temperature-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene and propylene, or a copolymer of fluoroethylene and propylene.
In the invention, the gas-solid separation of the alloy particles is realized by forming a soft agglomeration effect through electrostatic adsorption of the filter layer, and the filter layer obtains the electrostatic adsorption capacity by charging the filter layer through an electrode.
The temperature of the electric arc is more than 5000 ℃, and the length of the electric arc is 30 mm.
The preparation method of the filter layer comprises the following steps:
step T1, dissolving a polymer in a mixed solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution, injecting the polymer spinning solution into an outer tube of a coaxial spinneret of electrostatic spinning equipment, sending gas into an inner tube of the coaxial spinneret, and performing coaxial electrostatic spinning to obtain superfine fibers;
and T2, directly depositing the superfine fibers on the receiving electrode plate to form a superfine fiber filtering membrane to obtain the filtering layer, wherein the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.1-9 mu m, the thickness of the superfine fiber membrane is 0.5-5 mm, and the diameter of the filtering holes is 0.1-7 mu m.
The mixed solvent is tetrahydrofuran and ethanol, and the polymer is polyglycolic acid.
The nano silver-copper alloy material in the embodiment 2 is prepared into a medical sterilization product, and tested by an authority, and the antibacterial rate of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus representing conventional strains and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus representing super bacteria reaches 99.46%;
example 3:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a nano silver-copper alloy material, which is composed of the following components by weight percent:
80% of silver;
the balance of copper;
the alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-50nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material are formed into copper oxide.
The preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and copper;
step S2, the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of the direct current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper metal atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy; wherein the temperature of an arc formed by the anode conductor and the cathode is more than 5000 ℃;
step S3, cooling the gaseous alloy with an inert gas flow with 1-1.4 times of the sound velocity while gasifying the metal;
and step S4, collecting the powder cooled at normal temperature to obtain the nano silver-copper alloy material.
The inert gas flow is a helium gas flow.
The nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of silver metal wire and 20 parts of copper metal wire;
the nano silver-copper alloy material is prepared by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a silver metal wire and a copper metal wire to obtain a composite metal wire rod;
step two: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of a direct-current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and silver metal atoms and copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: cooling the gaseous alloy by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound while gasifying the metal;
step four: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
The purities of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 99.9%, and the diameters of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 0.4 mm-0.8 mm.
A preparation method of a nano silver-copper alloy material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal wire rod: weaving silver metal wires and copper metal wires into mixed metal wires with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and cold rolling and calendering the mixed metal wires into a composite metal wire rod with the diameter of 5 mm;
step two: and (3) gasification: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor and forms an electric arc with a cathode under the conditions of direct-current voltage of 36V and current of 1050A, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a fog-like metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy;
step three: condensation: along with metal gasification, separating the gaseous alloy from a high-temperature area by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound, and rapidly cooling to form alloy particles with the diameter of 15-50 nm when the metal returns to a solid state from a gaseous state;
step four: collecting: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
The temperature of the electric arc is more than 5000 ℃, and the length of the electric arc is 30 mm.
The preparation method of the filter layer comprises the following steps:
step T1, dissolving a polymer in a mixed solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution, injecting the polymer spinning solution into an outer tube of a coaxial spinneret of electrostatic spinning equipment, sending gas into an inner tube of the coaxial spinneret, and performing coaxial electrostatic spinning to obtain superfine fibers;
and T2, directly depositing the superfine fibers on the receiving electrode plate to form a superfine fiber filtering membrane to obtain the filtering layer, wherein the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.1-9 mu m, the thickness of the superfine fiber membrane is 0.5-5 mm, and the diameter of the filtering holes is 0.1-7 mu m.
The mixed solvent is chloroform and acetic acid, and the polymer is hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The nano silver-copper alloy material in the embodiment 3 is prepared into a medical sterilization product, and the antibacterial rate of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus representing conventional strains and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus representing super bacteria can reach 99.87 percent through testing by an authority.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, a schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (12)
1. The nano silver-copper alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
40-80% of silver;
the balance of copper;
the alloy material is formed by mixing nano silver-copper alloy particles with the particle size of 15nm-50nm, and copper metal atoms on the outer surface of the alloy material are formed into copper oxide.
2. The nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the nano silver-copper alloy particles have a particle size of 15nm to 30 nm.
3. A method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a composite metal wire rod by combining silver and copper;
step S2, the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor of the direct current power supply, and an electric arc is formed between the composite metal wire rod and a cathode, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate a smog-shaped metal atomic group, and the silver metal atoms and the copper metal atoms are fully mixed to form a gaseous alloy; wherein the temperature of the arc formed by the anode conductor and the cathode is more than 5000 ℃;
step S3, cooling the gaseous alloy with an inert gas flow with 1-1.4 times of sound velocity while gasifying the metal;
and step S4, collecting the powder cooled at normal temperature to obtain the nano silver-copper alloy material.
4. The method for preparing a nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 further comprises: and mixing the cooled alloy and inert gas flow with air, entering a powder collecting device through a pipeline, and performing gas-solid separation.
5. The method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 3, wherein the inert gas flow is helium gas flow.
6. The preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a metal wire rod: weaving silver metal wires and copper metal wires into mixed metal wires with the diameter of 6-8 mm, and cold rolling and calendering the mixed metal wires into a composite metal wire rod with the diameter of 5 mm;
step two: and (3) gasification: the composite metal wire rod is used as an anode conductor and forms an electric arc with a cathode under the conditions of direct current voltage of 36V and current of 1050A, so that the tip of the metal wire rod of the anode conductor is gasified and evaporated to generate smog-shaped metal atomic groups, and silver metal atoms and copper atoms are fully mixed to form gaseous alloy;
step three: condensation: along with metal gasification, separating the gaseous alloy from a high-temperature area by using an inert gas flow with the speed of 1-1.4 times of sound, and rapidly cooling to form alloy particles with the diameter of 15-50 nm when the metal returns to a solid state from a gaseous state;
step four: collecting: and the inert gas flow carries the alloy particles to enter a filter layer for gas-solid separation and collection, so that the nano silver-copper alloy material is obtained.
7. The method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 6, wherein the filtering material in the filtering layer is a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and propylene, or a copolymer of fluoroethylene and propylene.
8. The method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 6, wherein the gas-solid separation of the alloy particles is realized by forming a soft agglomeration effect through electrostatic adsorption of a filter layer, and the filter layer is charged by an electrode to obtain the electrostatic adsorption capacity.
9. The preparation method of the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 6, wherein the purities of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 99.9%, and the diameters of the silver metal wire and the copper metal wire are both 0.4mm to 0.8 mm.
10. The method for preparing a nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the electric arc is 5000 ℃ or higher, and the length of the electric arc is 30 mm.
11. The method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 6, wherein the method for preparing the filter layer comprises the following steps:
step T1, dissolving a polymer in a mixed solvent to obtain a polymer spinning solution, injecting the polymer spinning solution into an outer tube of a coaxial spinneret of electrostatic spinning equipment, sending gas into an inner tube of the coaxial spinneret, and performing coaxial electrostatic spinning to obtain superfine fibers;
and T2, directly depositing the superfine fibers on the receiving electrode plate to form a superfine fiber filtering membrane to obtain the filtering layer, wherein the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.1-9 mu m, the thickness of the superfine fiber membrane is 0.5-5 mm, and the diameter of filtering holes is 0.1-7 mu m.
12. The method for preparing the nano silver-copper alloy material according to claim 11, wherein the mixed solvent is two of chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, butanol, carbon disulfide and water, and consists of two of a low boiling point solvent and a high boiling point solvent, wherein the boiling point of the low boiling point solvent is lower than 60 ℃, the boiling point of the high boiling point solvent is higher than that of the low boiling point solvent, and the volume ratio of the low boiling point solvent to the high boiling point solvent is 1-8: 1; the polymer is polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyformaldehyde, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, aliphatic polyester copolymer, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
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