CN111468723B - Metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
- B22F12/47—Radiation means with translatory movement parallel to the deposition plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/70—Gas flow means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps of S1: setting powder feeding rates of a plurality of metal powder and non-metal powder in a powder feeding mechanism according to the preparation requirements of the metal-based composite material; under the action of blowing of a coaxial powder feeding head, a plurality of component materials are fed into the action area of the cladding laser beam according to a certain powder feeding proportion; s2: fusing the mixed material powder by utilizing the thermal effect generated by the irradiation of the cladding laser beam according to a preset scanning path for additive manufacturing and filling to form a cladding layer of the test piece or the part; s3: the pulse laser beam emits a pulse laser beam at a preset distance from the cladding laser beam, the pulse laser beam is induced to form shock waves, and the shock waves impact the cladding layer area; s4: and stacking the cladding layer by layer. The invention can prepare the metal matrix composite sample and parts with high efficiency, low cost and strong controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite processing, in particular to a metal matrix composite additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method.
Background
The metal-based composite material is a composite material which is artificially combined by taking metal and alloy thereof as a matrix and one or more metal or nonmetal reinforcing phases. The metal matrix composite material plays an increasingly important key role in high-end structural members, aerospace, electronic information engineering, biomedical treatment, transportation, automobile industry and mineral development due to the performance advantages of high specific strength, wear resistance, high rigidity, high toughness, high fatigue strength and the like. The preparation method of the metal-based composite material comprises a stirring casting method, a powder metallurgy method, a jet codeposition method, an in-situ reaction method and the like, the wettability is poor in the forming process, and a brittle phase is easy to generate. For the metal matrix composite material, due to the diversity of components and the unique physical and chemical properties of each component, the existing additive manufacturing technology is difficult to form, namely, due to the performance difference of melting points, thermal expansion coefficients and the like among the components, the SLM/DLM (SLM/DLM) is difficult to simply melt and then bond and form by using the existing laser additive manufacturing technology. The FDM technology is only suitable for low-melting point materials and is difficult to apply to metal matrix composite materials. In addition, in the additive manufacturing process of the metal matrix composite, harmful microstructures such as coarse crystalline phase structures, embrittlement and the like, and technical defects such as air holes, unfused, shrinkage porosity, internal stress, deformation cracking, cracks and the like can be generated in the product. These constitute a bottleneck problem for new additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new composite additive manufacturing method and device for metal matrix composite materials to achieve the goals of high efficiency, low cost and strong controllability. The method breaks through the limitation of the existing forming process on the complex shape, solves the bottleneck problem of the existing additive manufacturing technology on the preparation of the metal-based composite material, and improves the preparation and research and development efficiency of the multi-component metal-based composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal matrix composite additive manufacturing device, aiming at overcoming the problems that in the prior art, when a metal matrix composite is prepared, the defects of brittle phase, coarse microstructure, air holes, incomplete fusion, cracks and shrinkage porosity exist in the metal matrix composite and the mechanical property of the material is poor due to the internal defects.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing device comprises a workbench, a cladding laser beam generating mechanism and a pulse laser beam generating mechanism, wherein the cladding laser beam generating mechanism and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism are arranged above the workbench and can move along the direction of the workbench; the cladding laser beam generating mechanism is provided with a laser cladding head and a coaxial powder feeding head communicated with the powder feeding mechanism through a pipeline, and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism is provided with a pulse laser head.
In the technical scheme, the powder feeding mechanism blows out metal powder and non-metal powder through a coaxial powder feeding head, the cladding laser beam generating mechanism generates cladding laser beams, and the metal powder and the non-metal powder are irradiated and melted by the cladding laser beams to form a molten pool until the molten pool is solidified into a cladding layer; the pulse laser beam generating mechanism emits a pulse laser beam, the pulse laser beam is induced to form a shock wave, the pulse laser beam is used for inducing the shock wave to carry out shock forging on the cladding layer, so that crystal phase change, crystal grain size refinement, dislocation layer generation and the like in the cladding layer are induced, meanwhile, the shock wave effect can influence molten pool melt flow behavior generated by the cladding laser beam, dynamic coupling of the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the mechanical effect of the pulse laser beam is formed, and two (or more) crystal phase microstructures can be regulated and controlled under the action of the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the mechanical effect of the pulse laser beam, so that the preparation of the metal-based composite material is realized, and the mechanical property and the fatigue strength of metal-based composite material parts are improved.
Preferably, the powder feeding mechanism comprises at least one group of first tank used for containing metal powder and at least one group of second tank used for containing non-metal powder, the first tank and the second tank are respectively communicated with the coaxial powder feeding head through pipelines, the pipelines are respectively provided with a cavity structure, and a fan used for feeding powder is arranged in the cavity structure.
Preferably, the cavity structures are respectively communicated with a first pipeline, and the first pipeline is connected with an inert gas feeding device.
Preferably, the structure for driving the cladding laser beam generating mechanism and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism to move can adopt a robot, a mechanical arm, a hydraulic mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism and various controllable guide rail mechanisms.
The invention provides a metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the powder feeding rate or powder feeding ratio of a plurality of metal material powders and non-metal reinforced phase material powders in a powder feeding mechanism according to the preparation requirement of the metal-based composite material; under the action of blowing of a coaxial powder feeding head of a cladding laser beam generating mechanism, a plurality of component materials are fed into an action area of a cladding laser beam according to a certain powder feeding proportion;
s2: fusing the mixed material powder by utilizing the thermal effect generated by the irradiation of the cladding laser beam according to the preset scanning path of additive manufacturing and filling to form a cladding layer of the test piece or part;
s3: the pulse laser beam emits a pulse laser beam at a preset distance from the cladding laser beam, the pulse laser beam absorbs the energy of the laser beam on the surface layer of the cladding layer to induce and form shock waves, and the shock waves impact the cladding layer area; it should be noted that, in this step, the computer may adjust and set the distance between the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam by adjusting the distance between the cladding laser beam generating mechanism and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism in real time, and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism emits the pulse laser beam at the distance designed or optimized by the computer.
S4: and stacking the cladding layer by layer.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps before the step S1, according to the design requirements of the metal matrix composite sample or part and the physical parameters of each component material, determining the energy of the cladding laser beam, the spot size of the cladding laser beam, the scanning speed, the mutual position constraint of the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, the energy of the pulse laser beam, the spot size of the pulse laser beam, the spot shape of the pulse laser beam, the pulse width of the pulse laser beam, the repetition frequency of the pulse laser beam, the inert gas supply rate or gas pressure, and the like; the control device sends an instruction to the powder feeding mechanism, and a plurality of component materials are fed into the action area of the cladding laser beam from the inert gas through the cladding head according to a certain proportion.
Preferably, the distance between the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam can be adjusted according to the design of the metal matrix composite material and the physical parameters of the material components, and meanwhile, the energy of the cladding laser beam, the spot size of the cladding laser beam, the scanning speed, the mutual position constraint of the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, the energy of the pulse laser beam, the spot size of the pulse laser beam, the pulse width of the pulse laser beam, the repetition frequency of the pulse laser beam, the inert gas feeding rate or the gas pressure and other parameters can be adjusted according to the actual cladding result.
Preferably, the design requirements of the metal matrix composite sample or part and the expected performance requirements of the prepared sample are met, the three-dimensional digital model is layered, layer shape model data is generated after slicing and layering, and the scanning path is generated according to the layer shape model data; in step S1, the computer generates a preset path, the cladding laser beam generating mechanism emits a cladding laser beam to irradiate and fuse several mixed material powders according to the preset scanning path, the proportion of the material powders on the path can be changed in real time according to the design requirements of the metal matrix composite sample, and printing and filling are performed according to the preset scanning path of the computer, so as to form a cladding layer of the workpiece, wherein the cladding layer is a certain thickness section of the workpiece, and the cladding layer is stacked according to the number of the cladding layers preset by the computer, so that a complete workpiece can be formed; the preset scanning path is generated by a computer according to the shape characteristic of the workpiece according to a certain algorithm; when the cladding laser beam emitted from the cladding laser beam generating mechanism is operated in step S2, a large amount of heat is generated, and several mixed material powders can be melted, so that a cladding layer can be formed on the scanning path.
Preferably, the cladding laser beam is generated by a continuous laser of the cladding laser beam generating mechanism, the pulse laser beam is generated by the pulse laser beam generating mechanism, the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam is used for melting mixed material powder to form a molten pool to generate a cladding layer, the shock wave induced by the pulse laser beam generates a mechanical effect on the cladding layer to cause micro-plastic deformation of the cladding layer, the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the shock wave mechanical effect induced by the pulse laser beam are respectively utilized to generate and process the cladding layer of the metal-based composite material, so that crystal phase change, crystal grain size refinement, dislocation layer generation and the like in the cladding layer are initiated, and meanwhile, the shock wave effect generated by the pulse laser beam can influence the molten pool melt flow behavior generated by the cladding laser beam. It should be noted that the dynamic coupling of the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the mechanical effect of the pulse laser beam is completed along with the layer-by-layer accumulation of the cladding layer until the preparation of the sample piece is completed.
Preferably, when the metal is fused with other material powders, an inert gas is fed to the material powders.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are: the invention utilizes the energy, the scanning speed, the coaxial powder feeding head blowing and the dynamic behavior of the shock wave effect induced by the pulse laser beam to the molten pool (the molten pool initialization (powder melting), the molten pool overheating and solidification, the molten pool hydrodynamics and wetting behavior, the boundary heat transfer and the like) to regulate and control the generation of the microstructure form of the metal-based composite material through the influence of factors such as the temperature field of the molten pool, the temperature gradient in the molten pool, the flux flowing surface tension gradient, capillary flow and the like, simultaneously utilizes the pulse laser beam to gasify and ionize the surface of the cladding layer to form high-temperature high-pressure plasma and then induce the shock wave to generate, regulates and controls the effective area of the cladding layer acted by the shock wave through regulating the distance between the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, namely the GPa-level shock wave acts on the cladding layer of the metal-based composite material with certain temperature (the required temperature intervals of different cladding layers of the metal-based composite material under the shock wave forging action are different, in the temperature range, the cladding layer generates plastic deformation under the action of shock waves, and crystal grains in the cladding layer are refined to generate phase change, generate a dislocation layer and the like, so that the internal quality and mechanical or mechanical properties of the material are improved). Moving the two laser beams of the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam at the same speed or different speeds to obtain the required metal matrix composite material structure. The method can couple the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam in the preparation process, can regulate and control the crystalline phase microstructure twice (or for a plurality of times) before and after under the action of the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the dynamic coupling effect of the pulse laser beam mechanics, realizes the preparation of the metal matrix composite material, can eliminate the generation of internal defects in the metal matrix composite material additive manufacturing process, and improves the preparation quality of the metal matrix composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal matrix composite additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of composite additive manufacturing of a metal matrix composite material according to the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-a workbench, 2-a cladding laser beam generating mechanism, 3-a pulse laser beam generating mechanism, 4-a powder feeding mechanism, 5-a laser cladding head, 6-a pipeline, 7-a coaxial powder feeding head, 8-a pulse laser head, 9-a first tank, 10-a second tank, 11-a cavity structure, 12-a fan, 13-an inert gas feeding device and 14-a first pipeline.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the present embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "long", "short", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a metal matrix composite material additive manufacturing device comprises a workbench 1, a cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2 and a pulse laser beam generating mechanism 3 which are arranged above the workbench 1 and can move along the workbench direction, wherein a powder feeding mechanism 4 for conveying metal powder and non-metal powder is arranged on one side of the workbench 1; the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2 is provided with a laser cladding head 5 and a coaxial powder feeding head 7 communicated with the powder feeding mechanism 4 through a pipeline 6, and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism 3 is provided with a pulse laser head 8. In the embodiment, the powder feeding mechanism 4 blows out the metal powder and the nonmetal powder through the coaxial powder feeding head 7, the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2 generates a cladding laser beam, and the metal powder and the nonmetal powder are irradiated and melted by the cladding laser beam to form a molten pool until the molten pool is solidified into a cladding layer; the pulse laser beam generating mechanism 3 emits a pulse laser beam, the pulse laser beam absorbs the energy of the laser beam on the surface layer of the cladding layer to induce and form shock waves, and the pulse laser beam is used for inducing the shock waves to carry out shock forging on the cladding layer. The microstructure of the crystalline phase can be regulated and controlled twice (or for a plurality of times) before and after under the action of the thermal effect of the cladding laser beam and the mechanical effect of the pulse laser beam, the preparation of the metal-based composite material is realized, and the mechanical property and the fatigue strength of the metal-based composite material part are improved.
The powder feeding mechanism 4 comprises at least one group of first tank 9 for containing metal powder and at least one group of second tank 10 for containing non-metal powder, the first tank 9 and the second tank 10 are respectively communicated with the coaxial powder feeding head 7 through pipelines 6, the pipelines 6 are respectively provided with a cavity structure 11, and a fan 12 for feeding powder is arranged in the cavity structure 11. In the embodiment, the fan 12 is beneficial to conveying the metal powder in the first tank 9 or the non-metal powder in the second tank 10 to the coaxial powder feeding head 7 through the pipeline 6; on the other hand, the powder material can be stirred, so that the powder material is more uniform in the conveying process.
In addition, the cavity structures 11 are respectively communicated with a first pipeline 14, and the first pipeline 14 is connected with an inert gas feeding device 13. In this embodiment, the inert gas supply device 13 contains inert gas, the inert gas can be blown into the coaxial powder feeding head 7 along with the metal powder and the nonmetal powder through the first pipe 14 and the cavity structure 11, the inert gas can protect the metal powder, and the inert gas can also drive the transmission of the metal powder and the nonmetal powder.
The structure for driving the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2 and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism 3 to move can adopt a robot, a mechanical arm, a hydraulic mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism and various controllable guide rail mechanisms.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a method for manufacturing a metal matrix composite additive includes the following steps:
s1: setting the powder feeding rate or powder feeding ratio of a plurality of metal material powders and non-metal reinforced phase material powders in the powder feeding mechanism 4 according to the preparation requirement of the metal matrix composite; a plurality of component materials are fed into the action area of the cladding laser beam according to a certain powder feeding proportion under the blowing action of a coaxial powder feeding head 7 of the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2;
s2: fusing the mixed material powder by utilizing the thermal effect generated by the irradiation of the cladding laser beam according to the preset scanning path of additive manufacturing and filling to form a cladding layer of the test piece or part;
s3: when cladding laser beams are in cladding work, the computer adjusts and sets the distance between the cladding laser beams and the pulse laser beams in real time, meanwhile, the pulse laser beam generating mechanism sends out the pulse laser beams at the distance designed or optimized by the computer, the pulse laser beams are induced to form shock waves, and the shock waves impact the cladding layer area;
s4: and stacking the cladding layers layer by layer.
In step S1, the powder feeding mechanism sends an instruction to the powder feeding mechanism according to the design requirement of the metal matrix composite sample, and the powder feeding mechanism feeds several component materials into the action region of the cladding laser beam through the cladding head according to a certain proportion.
In addition, the preset scanning path for additive manufacturing and filling is obtained by the following steps of calculating the design requirement of the metal matrix composite sample or part and the expected performance requirement of the prepared sample, setting the layering thickness of the three-dimensional digital model, generating layer shape model data after slicing and layering, and generating the scanning path according to the layer shape model data. Therefore, in step S1, the computer generates the preset path, the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2 emits the cladding laser beam to irradiate and fuse the several mixed material powders according to the preset scanning path, and prints and fills the several mixed material powders according to the preset scanning path of the computer, so as to form a cladding layer of the workpiece, wherein the cladding layer is a section of the workpiece with a certain thickness, and the whole workpiece can be formed by stacking the cladding layers according to the number of the cladding layers preset by the computer. The preset scanning path is completely generated by a computer according to the shape characteristic of the workpiece according to a certain algorithm. When the laser beam emitted from the cladding laser beam generating mechanism is operated in step S2, a large amount of heat is generated, and several mixed material powders can be melted, so that a cladding layer can be formed on the scanning path.
Wherein, when the metal is fused with other material powder, inert gas is conveyed to the material powder. The inert gas mainly includes argon, helium, and the like.
In steps S2 and S3, the energy of the cladding laser beam, the spot size of the cladding laser beam, the scanning speed, the mutual position constraint (i.e., the distance) between the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, the energy of the pulse laser beam, the spot size of the pulse laser beam, the spot shape of the pulse laser beam, the pulse width of the pulse laser beam, the repetition rate of the pulse laser beam, the inert gas supply rate or the gas pressure, and the like are determined according to the design requirements of the metal matrix composite sample and the physical parameters of the respective component materials. The control device sends instructions to the cladding laser beam generating mechanism 2, the powder feeding mechanism 4, the pulse laser beam generating mechanism 3, the inert gas feeding device 13 and the like respectively to obtain the required cladding laser beam, the pulse laser beam, the preset proportion of each material powder amount and the inert gas with a certain gas feeding rate or gas feeding pressure. In step S3, the pulsed laser beam emits a pulsed laser beam at a preset distance from the cladding laser beam, the pulsed laser beam vaporizes (thickness of the vaporizing layer is less than 1 μm) after absorbing laser beam energy on the cladding layer surface and ionizes into high-temperature high-pressure plasma, and a GPa-level shock wave is formed, the shock wave can generate shock forging action on the cladding layer in the action region, and under the action of the shock wave, the cladding layer material dynamically responds at high strain rate, and obviously changes physical, chemical and electrical properties, such as grain refinement, phase change, formation of microstructure high-density dislocation, avoidance of pores, shrinkage porosity, lack of fusion, generation of internal stress, inhibition of microcracks, and the like, wherein the grain refinement, the phase change and the formation of microstructure high-density dislocation are key means for regulation in the preparation of the metal-based composite material.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A metal matrix composite material composite additive manufacturing method is characterized in that: the cladding laser beam generator comprises a workbench (1), a cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2) and a pulse laser beam generating mechanism (3), wherein the cladding laser beam generating mechanism is arranged above the workbench (1) and can move along the direction of the workbench, and a powder feeding mechanism (4) for conveying metal powder and non-metal powder is arranged on one side of the workbench (1); the cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2) is provided with a laser cladding head (5) and a coaxial powder feeding head (7) which is communicated with the powder feeding mechanism (4) through a pipeline (6) and is used for feeding a plurality of component materials into a cladding laser beam action area according to a certain powder feeding proportion, and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism (3) is provided with a pulse laser head (8);
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting the powder feeding rate or powder feeding ratio of a plurality of metal material powders and non-metal reinforced phase material powders in a powder feeding mechanism (4) according to the preparation requirement of the metal-based composite material; a plurality of component materials are fed into the action area of the cladding laser beam according to a certain powder feeding proportion under the blowing action of a coaxial powder feeding head (7) of a cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2);
s2: fusing the mixed material powder by utilizing the thermal effect generated by the irradiation of the cladding laser beam according to the preset scanning path of additive manufacturing and filling to form a cladding layer of the test piece or part;
s3: the pulse laser beam emits a pulse laser beam at a preset distance from the cladding laser beam, the pulse laser beam is induced to form shock waves, and the shock waves impact the cladding layer area;
s4: stacking the cladding layer by layer;
before the step S1, the method further includes the following steps of determining the energy of the cladding laser beam, the spot size of the cladding laser beam, the scanning speed, the mutual position constraint of the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, the pulse laser beam energy, the spot size of the pulse laser beam, the pulse laser beam pulse width, the pulse laser beam repetition frequency, and the inert gas supply rate or gas pressure according to the design requirements of the metal matrix composite sample or part and the physical parameters of each component material;
adjusting the energy of the cladding laser beam, the spot size of the cladding laser beam, the scanning speed, the mutual position constraint of the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam, the energy of the pulse laser beam, the spot size of the pulse laser beam, the spot shape of the pulse laser beam, the pulse width of the pulse laser beam, the repetition frequency of the pulse laser beam and the inert gas feeding rate or gas pressure parameter according to the actual cladding result.
2. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: powder send powder mechanism (4) including at least a set of first jar of body (9) that are used for holding metal powder and at least a set of second jar of body (10) that are used for holding non-metal powder, first jar of body (9), second jar of body (10) respectively through pipeline (6) with coaxial powder head (7) of sending are linked together, it is provided with cavity structure (11) respectively to divide equally on pipeline (6), be provided with fan (12) that are used for sending the powder in cavity structure (11).
3. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein: the cavity structures (11) are respectively communicated with a first pipeline (14), and the first pipeline (14) is connected with an inert gas feeding device (13).
4. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: the structure for driving the cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2) and the pulse laser beam generating mechanism (3) to move is one or more of a robot, a mechanical arm, a hydraulic mechanism, a pneumatic mechanism and a controllable guide rail mechanism.
5. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of sending a command to the powder feeding mechanism (4) by the control device before the step S1, and feeding the materials of the several components into the action region of the cladding laser beam through the laser cladding head (5) according to a certain proportion.
6. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein: the distance between the cladding laser beam and the pulse laser beam can be adjusted according to the design of the metal matrix composite material and the physical parameters of the material components.
7. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the computer designs the thickness and scanning path of the cladding layer according to the shape and characteristic parameters of the prepared sample, the cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2) emits the cladding laser beam to irradiate and fuse several mixed material powders according to the preset scanning path, and prints and fills according to the preset scanning path of the computer, so as to form the cladding layer of the workpiece, wherein the cladding layer is a section of a certain thickness of the workpiece, and is stacked according to the number of the cladding layers preset by the computer, so that a complete workpiece can be formed; the preset scanning path is generated by a computer according to the shape characteristic of the workpiece according to a certain algorithm; when the cladding laser beam emitted by the cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2) works in step S2, a large amount of heat is generated, and several mixed material powders can be melted and formed into a molten pool until solidification and forming, so that a cladding layer can be formed on the scanning path.
8. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: the cladding laser beam is generated by a continuous laser of the cladding laser beam generating mechanism (2), the pulse laser beam is generated by the pulse laser beam generating mechanism (3), the heat effect of the cladding laser beam and the shock wave mechanical effect induced by the pulse laser beam are respectively utilized to generate and process the cladding layer of the metal-based composite material, and the cladding layer is stacked layer by layer to complete the composite additive manufacturing of the metal-based composite material sample piece or part.
9. The metal matrix composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein: when fusing metal with other material powder, inert gas is delivered to the material powder.
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| CN113275597B (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-10-29 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component |
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