CN111464471B - Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH - Google Patents
Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111464471B CN111464471B CN202010255157.4A CN202010255157A CN111464471B CN 111464471 B CN111464471 B CN 111464471B CN 202010255157 A CN202010255157 A CN 202010255157A CN 111464471 B CN111464471 B CN 111464471B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- frequency offset
- value
- frequency
- values
- difference
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH, which has the technical scheme key points that the method comprises the following steps; step 1: receiving multiple sections of reference signals, and respectively sampling the multiple sections of received reference signals; step 2: calculating phase differences among the multiple sections of reference signals according to the distribution conditions of the sampled multiple sections of reference signals in the corresponding time domains to obtain a plurality of phase difference values; and step 3: processing the signal on a corresponding frequency domain according to the obtained phase difference values to obtain a first frequency offset group, wherein the first frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values; and 4, step 4: and processing the first frequency offset group through a preset first value-taking rule algorithm to obtain a first frequency offset value. The method can obtain the frequency deviation by carrying out frequency domain analysis on the signal, and has strong reliability and high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of frequency offset calculation, in particular to a frequency offset calculation method of an NR PUSCH.
Background
In recent years, the demand of mobile data is explosively increased, the existing mobile communication system is difficult to meet the future demand, a new generation of 5G system is urgently needed to be developed, and the 5G technology can realize ultralow time delay and high reliability. The 5G NR is a global 5G standard based on a brand-new air interface design of OFDM, and is also a very important cellular mobile technology foundation of the next generation.
The tester needs to correct frequency offset for the obtained signal data in the using process, the frequency offset is usually obtained through CP related operation in the existing mode, and the performance of the method is not ideal from the result; the other mode is to analyze the phase deviation in the time domain through a DMRS technology to obtain the frequency deviation, and the analysis dimension of the mode to the signal is single.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH, which can obtain frequency offset by carrying out frequency domain analysis on signals and has strong reliability and high accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH comprises the following steps;
step 1: receiving multiple sections of reference signals, and respectively sampling the multiple sections of received reference signals;
step 2: calculating phase differences among the multiple sections of reference signals according to the distribution condition of the sampled multiple sections of reference signals in the corresponding time domain so as to obtain a plurality of phase difference values;
and step 3: processing the signal on a corresponding frequency domain according to the obtained phase difference values to obtain a first frequency offset group, wherein the first frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values;
and 4, step 4: and processing the first frequency offset group through a preset first value rule algorithm to obtain a first frequency offset value.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first value-taking rule algorithm includes sorting a plurality of frequency offset values according to magnitude, and if the first frequency offset group includes an odd number of frequency offset values, selecting a most middle frequency offset value as a first frequency offset value; if the first frequency offset group comprises even number of frequency offset values, averaging the two frequency offset values at the middle, and taking the average as the first frequency offset value.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the method further comprises:
and 5: performing linear fitting on the phase difference of each section of sampled signals on a time domain, and calculating the frequency offset of each section of sampled signals to obtain a second frequency offset group, wherein the second frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values;
and 6: processing the second frequency offset group according to a preset second value rule algorithm to obtain a second frequency offset value;
and 7: and comparing the obtained first frequency offset value with the second frequency offset value to obtain a frequency offset difference value, calling a corresponding frequency offset estimation algorithm according to the magnitude of the frequency offset difference value, and obtaining a final estimated frequency offset value according to the frequency offset estimation algorithm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the second value rule algorithm is: when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is less than or equal to 3, averaging the frequency offset values, and taking the average as a second frequency offset value; and when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is more than 3, removing the maximum frequency offset value and the minimum frequency offset value, averaging the rest frequency offset values, and taking the obtained average as the second frequency offset value.
As a further improvement of the invention, an estimation algorithm look-up table is configured, estimation algorithm information is stored in the estimation algorithm look-up table, the estimation algorithm information comprises a frequency offset estimation algorithm and a frequency offset difference interval corresponding to the frequency offset estimation algorithm, and the step 7 further comprises determining the frequency offset estimation algorithm from the estimation algorithm look-up table.
As a further improvement of the invention, the frequency offset difference interval comprises a small difference interval, when the frequency offset difference is smaller than or equal to a preset reference difference, the frequency offset difference falls into the small difference interval, and the corresponding frequency offset estimation algorithm takes the first frequency offset value as an estimated frequency offset value.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the frequency deviation difference value is greater than the preset reference difference value, the frequency deviation difference value falls outside the small difference value interval, the corresponding frequency deviation estimation algorithm performs weighted average on the first frequency deviation value and the second frequency deviation value, the obtained weighted average is used as an estimated frequency deviation value, and the weight values preset by the frequency deviation estimation algorithms corresponding to different frequency deviation difference value intervals are different.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional method of solving the frequency offset value in the time domain through a section of signal, the method realizes frequency domain analysis on the signal to obtain the frequency offset, avoids the contingency of the section of signal, and has stronger reliability and higher accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of obtaining a first frequency offset value by frequency domain analysis;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of obtaining a second frequency offset value by time domain analysis;
fig. 3 is an overall flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, a method for calculating a frequency offset of an NR PUSCH in the present embodiment includes the following steps;
step 1: receiving multiple reference signals, and sampling the received multiple reference signals respectively. The received signal is known and is generally within 6 segments to avoid processing too large an amount of data.
And 2, step: and calculating phase differences among the multiple reference signals according to the distribution condition of the sampled multiple reference signals in the corresponding time domain so as to obtain a plurality of phase difference values. The phase difference is calculated once between every two signals, so that several phase difference values can be obtained, for example, when 4 signals are received, 6 phase difference values can be obtained.
And step 3: and processing the signal on a corresponding frequency domain according to the obtained phase difference values to obtain a first frequency offset group, wherein the first frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values. Each phase difference value can obtain a frequency offset value, for example, when 4 segments of signals are received, 6 frequency offset values can be obtained because of 6 phase difference values.
And 4, step 4: and processing the first frequency offset group through a preset first value-taking rule algorithm to obtain a first frequency offset value.
The first value-taking rule algorithm comprises the steps that a plurality of frequency offset values are sequenced according to the magnitude, and if the first frequency offset group comprises odd frequency offset values, the most middle frequency offset value is selected as the first frequency offset value; if the first frequency offset group comprises even number of frequency offset values, averaging the two frequency offset values at the middle, and taking the average as the first frequency offset value.
For example, when the first frequency offset group includes 5 frequency offset values, the 5 frequency offset values are sorted according to size, and according to the first value rule algorithm, the 3 rd frequency offset value is selected as the first frequency offset value obtained through frequency domain analysis. When the first frequency offset group comprises 6 frequency offset values, sorting the 6 frequency offset values according to the magnitude, selecting the 3 rd and 4 th frequency offset values to average according to a first value rule algorithm, and taking the obtained average as the first frequency offset value obtained through frequency domain analysis.
And 5: and performing linear fitting on the phase difference of each section of sampled signals on a time domain, and calculating the frequency deviation of each section of signals to obtain a second frequency deviation group, wherein the second frequency deviation group comprises a plurality of frequency deviation values. The frequency offset is calculated once for each segment of the signal, so that several frequency offset values can be obtained, for example, 4 frequency offset values can be obtained when receiving 4 segments of the signal.
Step 6: and processing the second frequency offset group according to a preset second value-taking rule algorithm to obtain a second frequency offset value.
The second value rule algorithm is as follows: when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is less than or equal to 3, averaging the frequency offset values, and taking the average as a second frequency offset value; and when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is more than 3, removing the maximum frequency offset value and the minimum frequency offset value, averaging the rest frequency offset values, and taking the obtained average as the second frequency offset value.
For example, when the second frequency offset group includes 3 frequency offset values, the average of the 3 frequency offset values is directly calculated according to a second value rule algorithm, and the obtained average is used as a second frequency offset value obtained through time domain analysis. When the second frequency offset group comprises 6 frequency offset values, according to a second value-taking rule algorithm, the maximum and minimum frequency offset values are removed, the average of the remaining 4 frequency offset values is calculated, and the obtained average is used as the second frequency offset value obtained through time domain analysis.
And 7: and comparing the obtained first frequency deviation value with the second frequency deviation value to obtain a frequency deviation difference value, calling a corresponding frequency deviation estimation algorithm according to the magnitude of the frequency deviation difference value, and obtaining a final estimated frequency deviation value according to the frequency deviation estimation algorithm.
And (3) configuring an estimation algorithm query table, wherein estimation algorithm information is stored in the estimation algorithm query table, the estimation algorithm information comprises a frequency offset estimation algorithm and a frequency offset difference value interval corresponding to the frequency offset estimation algorithm, and the step 7 further comprises determining the frequency offset estimation algorithm from the estimation algorithm query table.
The frequency offset difference interval comprises a small difference interval, when the frequency offset difference is smaller than or equal to a preset reference difference, the frequency offset difference falls into the small difference interval, and the corresponding frequency offset estimation algorithm takes the first frequency offset value as an estimated frequency offset value.
When the frequency deviation difference value is larger than a preset reference difference value, the frequency deviation difference value falls outside a small difference value interval, the corresponding frequency deviation estimation algorithm performs weighted average on the first frequency deviation value and the second frequency deviation value, the obtained weighted average is used as an estimated frequency deviation value, and the weight values preset by the frequency deviation estimation algorithms corresponding to different frequency deviation difference value intervals are different.
Both the reference difference values and the weight values in the estimation algorithm look-up table may be modified. And when a final estimated frequency deviation value is obtained, performing difference calculation on a first frequency deviation value obtained through frequency domain analysis and a second frequency deviation value obtained through time domain analysis to obtain a frequency deviation difference value. And when the frequency deviation difference value is smaller than or equal to the reference difference value, the frequency deviation difference value falls within the small difference value interval, and the first frequency deviation value obtained through frequency domain analysis is directly used as a final estimated frequency deviation value. When the frequency offset difference value is larger than the reference difference value, the frequency offset difference value does not fall in the small difference value interval, at the moment, a corresponding frequency offset difference value interval is found in the estimation algorithm query table according to the frequency offset difference value, a corresponding frequency offset estimation algorithm is obtained according to the frequency offset difference value interval, the first frequency offset value and the second frequency offset value are subjected to weighted average according to the frequency offset estimation algorithm and the corresponding weight value, and the obtained weighted average value is used as a final estimated frequency offset value.
The method estimates the frequency offset by combining time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis, so that the obtained frequency offset value has strong reliability and high accuracy; and the multi-segment reference signal can eliminate the contingency of a single-segment signal, and the accuracy of the result is further improved.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions that fall under the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A frequency offset calculation method of NRPUSCH is characterized in that: comprises the following steps;
step 1: receiving multiple sections of reference signals, and respectively sampling the multiple sections of received reference signals;
step 2: calculating phase differences among the multiple sections of reference signals according to the distribution conditions of the sampled multiple sections of reference signals in the corresponding time domains to obtain a plurality of phase difference values;
and step 3: processing the signal on a corresponding frequency domain according to the obtained phase difference values to obtain a first frequency offset group, wherein the first frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values;
and 4, step 4: processing the first frequency offset group through a preset first value-taking rule algorithm to obtain a first frequency offset value;
and 5: performing linear fitting on the phase difference of each section of sampled signals on a time domain, and calculating the frequency offset of each section of sampled signals to obtain a second frequency offset group, wherein the second frequency offset group comprises a plurality of frequency offset values;
step 6: processing the second frequency offset group according to a preset second value-taking rule algorithm to obtain a second frequency offset value;
and 7: and comparing the obtained first frequency deviation value with the second frequency deviation value to obtain a frequency deviation difference value, calling a corresponding frequency deviation estimation algorithm according to the magnitude of the frequency deviation difference value, and obtaining a final estimated frequency deviation value according to the frequency deviation estimation algorithm.
2. The method of claim 1 for calculating frequency offset of NRPUSCH, characterized in that: the first value-taking rule algorithm comprises the steps of sequencing a plurality of frequency offset values according to the magnitude, and if the first frequency offset group comprises odd frequency offset values, selecting the most middle frequency offset value as a first frequency offset value; if the first frequency offset group comprises even number of frequency offset values, averaging the two frequency offset values at the middle, and taking the average as the first frequency offset value.
3. The frequency offset calculation method of NRPUSCH according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second value rule algorithm is as follows: when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is less than or equal to 3, averaging the frequency offset values, and taking the average as a second frequency offset value; and when the number of the frequency offset values in the second frequency offset group is more than 3, removing the maximum frequency offset value and the minimum frequency offset value, averaging the rest frequency offset values, and taking the obtained average as the second frequency offset value.
4. The method of claim 1 for calculating frequency offset of NRPUSCH, characterized in that: and (3) configuring an estimation algorithm query table, wherein estimation algorithm information is stored in the estimation algorithm query table, the estimation algorithm information comprises a frequency offset estimation algorithm and a frequency offset difference value interval corresponding to the frequency offset estimation algorithm, and the step 7 further comprises determining the frequency offset estimation algorithm from the estimation algorithm query table.
5. The frequency offset calculation method of NRPUSCH according to claim 4, wherein: the frequency offset difference interval comprises a small difference interval, when the frequency offset difference is smaller than or equal to a preset reference difference, the frequency offset difference falls into the small difference interval, and the corresponding frequency offset estimation algorithm takes the first frequency offset value as an estimated frequency offset value.
6. The method of calculating frequency offset of NRPUSCH according to claim 5, wherein: when the frequency deviation difference value is larger than a preset reference difference value, the frequency deviation difference value falls outside a small difference value interval, the corresponding frequency deviation estimation algorithm performs weighted average on the first frequency deviation value and the second frequency deviation value, the obtained weighted average is used as an estimated frequency deviation value, and weight values preset by the frequency deviation estimation algorithms corresponding to different frequency deviation difference value intervals are different.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010255157.4A CN111464471B (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2020-04-02 | Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010255157.4A CN111464471B (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2020-04-02 | Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111464471A CN111464471A (en) | 2020-07-28 |
| CN111464471B true CN111464471B (en) | 2023-04-11 |
Family
ID=71680471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010255157.4A Active CN111464471B (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2020-04-02 | Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111464471B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102123123A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-13 | 上海华虹集成电路有限责任公司 | Method for realizing integral frequency deviation estimation of receiver |
| CN103581072A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-12 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Frequency offset estimation method and device for multi-carrier system |
| WO2015196629A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for estimating frequency offset of carriers |
| CN106878213A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 普天信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method that LTE uplink frequency offsets are estimated |
| CN107241286A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-10-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of combination frequency domain and the carrier synchronization method of time domain estimation |
| CN109039981A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-18 | 深圳市极致汇仪科技有限公司 | The frequency deviation estimating method and system of wireless comprehensive test instrument narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10382244B2 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-08-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | System and method for providing time offset and frequency offset estimation for vehicle to everything communication system |
-
2020
- 2020-04-02 CN CN202010255157.4A patent/CN111464471B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102123123A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-13 | 上海华虹集成电路有限责任公司 | Method for realizing integral frequency deviation estimation of receiver |
| CN103581072A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-12 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Frequency offset estimation method and device for multi-carrier system |
| WO2015196629A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for estimating frequency offset of carriers |
| CN106878213A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 普天信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method that LTE uplink frequency offsets are estimated |
| CN107241286A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-10-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of combination frequency domain and the carrier synchronization method of time domain estimation |
| CN109039981A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-18 | 深圳市极致汇仪科技有限公司 | The frequency deviation estimating method and system of wireless comprehensive test instrument narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| "Frequency domain estimation and time domain correction of CFO and STO offset in OFDM system";HuiKyu Lee等;《13th International Conference on advanced communication technology》;20110216;全文 * |
| R1-060188 "Frequency domain user multiplexing for the E-UTRAN downlink";Nokia;《3GPP tsg_ran\WG1_RL1》;20060119;全文 * |
| R1-1611809 "Reference Signal for Frequency offset and Phase Tracking";LG Electronics;《3GPP tsg_ran\WG1_RL1》;20161105;全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111464471A (en) | 2020-07-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112737711B (en) | Broadband carrier detection method based on adaptive noise floor estimation | |
| CN106570790B (en) | Wind power plant output data restoration method considering wind speed data segmentation characteristics | |
| CN111885633B (en) | Same-frequency neighbor cell detection method and device of NR system | |
| CN104486143A (en) | Deep packet inspection (DPI) method and deep packet inspection system | |
| CN112595906A (en) | Method for judging abnormal operation of transformer area | |
| CN111464471B (en) | Frequency offset calculation method of NR PUSCH | |
| CN102869091B (en) | Method and device for determining arrival time of location reference signals | |
| CN112532467B (en) | Method, device and system for realizing fault detection | |
| CN106850272A (en) | Central server, service server and its method for detecting abnormality and system | |
| CN116600329A (en) | Message error identification code delimitation method and device | |
| CN103338131A (en) | Method and equipment for testing log transmitting loss rate | |
| CN106529805B (en) | Generator importance-based power generation system reliability evaluation method | |
| CN112924743B (en) | Instrument state detection method based on current data | |
| CN112261578A (en) | Indoor fingerprint positioning method based on mode filtering | |
| CN108093423A (en) | A kind of discovery method of base station location exception in user bill big data based on Ransac algorithms | |
| CN110943952B (en) | Method and device for detecting amplitude modulation signal | |
| CN116304776B (en) | Power grid data value anomaly detection method and system based on k-Means algorithm | |
| CN101984696B (en) | Detection method and detection device for different format frames in wireless local area network | |
| CN116107859B (en) | Container fault prediction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| CN115226202B (en) | Positioning base station screening method based on maximum mutual information | |
| CN111901165B (en) | Channel quality dynamic assessment method and system based on confidence coefficient | |
| CN108681822B (en) | Reliability evaluation method and device for wide area protection starting and fault area positioning | |
| CN112487646B (en) | Life prediction method based on associated synchronous time series signal change point detection | |
| CN114071705B (en) | Time delay expansion acquisition method and device | |
| CN109327322B (en) | Method and system for evaluating risk tolerance of network service quality |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20220715 Address after: 315000 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, No. 818 Applicant after: Ningbo University Applicant after: Ningbo Aodi Internet Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 315000 Room 101, building 4, No. 8, Baoma street, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Applicant before: Ningbo Aodi Internet Technology Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |