CN111464010A - 负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法 - Google Patents

负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN111464010A
CN111464010A CN202010332379.1A CN202010332379A CN111464010A CN 111464010 A CN111464010 A CN 111464010A CN 202010332379 A CN202010332379 A CN 202010332379A CN 111464010 A CN111464010 A CN 111464010A
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刘侃
栾皓喆
丁荣军
肖捷
周世超
高莉
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Hunan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33515Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with digital control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,包括主电路,还包括控制单元、采样单元和可变电容组,所述可变电容组包括多个电容和多个与所述电容一一对应的开关,各所述电容与对应的开关串联后并联于所述主电路的输出端;所述采样单元,用于采集所述主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至所述控制单元;所述控制单元,用于根据所述电压和电流信号以得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。本发明具有可以工作在不同负载等级下、并且输出稳定、输出纹波小、效率高等优点。

Description

负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及开关电源式充电器设备领域,具体涉及一种负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法。
背景技术
随着全球能源和生态环境的日益恶化,轨道交通电气化的开发和应用已成为各国汽车工业积极探索的焦点,在全球受到越来越多关注的同时,包括充电装置、充电控制、充电方式等车载充电技术的研究也得到迅速发展。轨道交通车辆的充电机作为整个轨道交通车辆的重要组成部分,不仅负责为车载蓄电池进行充电,保证在紧急情况下,控制电路、应急照明等设备有不间断的能源供应,同时在地铁车辆的日常运行中,还需为整车的直流负载提供能源。由此可见,针对充电机的研究工作,对于提高地铁车辆的整体装备水平,乃至于城市轨道交通行业发展都有着十分明显而重要的意义。但是往往车载充电机在设计时,首先确定负载等级,之后再设计电容等无源元件,这就造成了轨道交通用车载充电机系统只能在特定的负载等级下使用,在半载工况下使用状况就会出现问题,更遑论轻载工况了。当需要轨道交通用车载充电机使用在不同工况下时,将会出现输出滤波电容不匹配的问题,如果不能及时调整输出滤波电容大小,就会出现输出电压纹波较大,难以稳压、充电效率下降、开关损耗大、损坏设备等问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就在于:针对现有技术存在的技术问题,本发明提供一种可以工作在不同负载等级下、并且输出稳定、输出纹波小、效率高的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,包括主电路,还包括控制单元、采样单元和可变电容组,所述可变电容组包括多个电容和多个与所述电容一一对应的开关,各所述电容与对应的开关串联后并联于所述主电路的输出端;
所述采样单元,用于采集所述主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至所述控制单元;
所述控制单元,用于根据所述电压和电流信号以得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述可变电容组中还包括固定电容,所述固定电容并联于所述主电路的输出端。
所述开关均为耗尽型MOSFET。
所述可变电容组中的电容数量为3个。
所述可变电容组的容值调节范围为2500uF~10000uF。
所述主电路包括依次相连的逆变单元、变压器单元和整流单元。
所述逆变单元为全桥逆变电路,所述变压器单元为环形变压器,所述整流单元为全桥整流电路。
所述控制单元包括控制器和驱动单元,所述控制器与所述驱动单元的输入端相连,所述驱动单元的输出端与所述逆变单元、整流单元和开关相连。
本发明还公开了一种基于如上所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机的控制方法,包括步骤:
1)所述采样单元采集所述主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至所述控制单元;
2)所述控制单元根据所述电压和电流信号分析得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:
在步骤2)中,控制单元根据当前功率等级,输出通断驱动信号至可变电容组中各开关。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法,根据功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,使得可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配,即可变电容组的容值可根据负载等级进行调节,并且输出电压稳定、输出纹波小且效率高;整体控制方法操作简便且易于实现。
本发明的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机及控制方法,可变电容组中各开关均为耗尽型MOSFET,在对应的电容不需要接入时,并不需要在耗尽型MOSFET的GS两端加电压即可保持MOSFET常开,从而可以有效降低总功耗。
附图说明
图1为本发明的充电机在实施例的方框结构图。
图2为本发明的方法在实施例的方法流程图。
图3为传统充电机在满载工况和空载工况下的纹波图。
图4为空载工况下传统充电与本发明充电机的纹波对比图。
图5为满载工况下传统充电与本发明充电机的纹波对比图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
如图1所示,本实施例的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,包括主电路、控制单元、采样单元和可变电容组,可变电容组包括多个电容和多个与电容一一对应的开关,各电容与对应的开关串联后并联于主电路的输出端;采样单元,用于采集主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至控制单元;控制单元,用于根据电压和电流信号以得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配,如预先设置有与功率等级相对应的容值,通过查找功率等级相对应的容值,再接入与容值相对应的电容。本发明的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,根据功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,使得可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配,即可变电容组的容值可根据负载等级进行调节,并且输出电压稳定、输出纹波小且效率高。
本实施例中,可变电容组中还包括固定电容,固定电容并联于主电路的输出端。如图1所示,其中电容数量为3个,分别为电容C1、C2和C3,固定电容的数量为1个,为电容C4,通过上述数量固定电容与可变电容之间的配合,使得可变电容组的容值调节范围为2500uF~10000uF。上述增设的固定电容,能够保证电容调节的稳定性以及可靠性。当然,在其它实施例中,也可以根据实际情况选择不同数量的可变电容或/和固定电容,从而得到不同的容值调节范围。
本实施例中,可变电容组中各开关均为耗尽型MOSFET,在对应的电容不需要接入时,并不需要在耗尽型MOSFET的GS两端加电压即可保持MOSFET常开,从而可以有效降低总功耗。
本实施例中,主电路包括依次相连的逆变单元、变压器单元和整流单元。其中逆变单元为全桥逆变电路,变压器单元为环形变压器,整流单元为全桥整流电路;控制单元包括DSP数字控制器(如TMS320F280049C DSP芯片)和开关管驱动单元,DSP数字控制器与开关管驱动单元的输入端相连,开关管驱动单元的输出端与全桥逆变电路中的开关管以及可变电容组中的开关相连。
具体工作流程为:DSP数字控制器采用移相控制,通过开关管驱动单元(如MOSFET驱动电路)驱动DC/AC全桥逆变电路中所有的MOSFET开关管;DC/AC全桥逆变电路对输入的直流电信号进行逆变后,通过环形变压器转移到二次侧,之后将能量经过AC/DC全桥整流电路整流,通过可变电容组对电池充电,或者直接对负载供电;其中ADC采样单元将测量的输出电压信号与输出电流信号转化为数字量,经过控制单元中的信号调制单元(图中未示出)调制后,由DSP数字控制器计算出输出功率等级,若处于较大负载时,则由DSP数字控制器控制增大可变电容组的容值,反之,则降低可变电容组的容值。
本发明还公开了一种基于如上所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机的控制方法,包括步骤:
1)采样单元采集主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至控制单元;
2)控制单元根据电压和电流信号分析得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。
本实施例中,在步骤2)中,控制单元根据当前功率等级,输出通断驱动信号至可变电容组中各开关,从而控制各开关的通断,从而实现与开关同一支路中的电容的接入与退出。
具体地,在步骤1)之前,先对控制单元内的DSP芯片以及可变电容组中的开关进行初始化。在步骤2)中,为了使得控制方法的简便性,也可以将当前功率等级与预设阈值进行对比,在当前功率等级大于预设阈值时,即应用于大负载时,则接入对应数量(如3个)的电容,增大可变电容组的容值;在当前功率等级大于预设阈值时,则退出对应数量(如3个)的电容,降低可变电容组的容值。当然,在其它实施例中,也可以将功能等级划分为等级差较小的多个功率等级,并匹配相对应的可变电容组的容值(即对应电容数量)。
为了验证上述充电机方案的有效性,使用SBAER仿真软件对不同情况下的几种工况进行了仿真实验。
图3为传统固定负载固定输出滤波电容情况下,大功率满载工况(较平滑的曲线)的纹波与空载工况(锯齿状)的纹波对比图,从图中可以看出,空载工况的纹波远远大于满载工况的纹波,这对控制精度、输出效率都造成了巨大的影响。
图4为空载工况下,传统固定负载固定输出滤波电容情况(锯齿状较明显的曲线)与本实施例通过改变可变电容组容值之后(位于中间的曲线)的纹波对比图。图5为满载工况下,传统固定负载固定输出滤波电容情况(锯齿状较明显的曲线)与本实施例通过改变可变电容组容值之后(位于中间的曲线)的纹波对比图。从图4和图5中可以看出,在条件一样的情况下,通过改变可变电容组的容值,可以有效的降低输出电压纹波,提升控制的稳定性。因此,本发明通过控制可变电容组的容值,允许充电机工作在不同的负载等级下,同时保持较低纹波,较高的输出效率,以及控制精度。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,包括主电路,其特征在于,还包括控制单元、采样单元和可变电容组,所述可变电容组包括多个电容和多个与所述电容一一对应的开关,各所述电容与对应的开关串联后并联于所述主电路的输出端;
所述采样单元,用于采集所述主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至所述控制单元;
所述控制单元,用于根据所述电压和电流信号以得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述可变电容组中还包括固定电容,所述固定电容并联于所述主电路的输出端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述开关均为耗尽型MOSFET。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述可变电容组中的电容数量为3个。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述可变电容组的容值调节范围为2500uF~10000uF。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述主电路包括依次相连的逆变单元、变压器单元和整流单元。
7.根据权利要求6所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述逆变单元为全桥逆变电路,所述变压器单元为环形变压器,所述整流单元为全桥整流电路。
8.根据权利要求6所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机,其特征在于,所述控制单元包括控制器和驱动单元,所述控制器与所述驱动单元的输入端相连,所述驱动单元的输出端与所述逆变单元、整流单元和开关相连。
9.一种基于权利要求1~8中任意一项所述的负载滤波电容可变的轨道交通用车载充电机的控制方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
1)所述采样单元采集所述主电路输出的电压和电流信号,并发送至所述控制单元;
2)所述控制单元根据所述电压和电流信号分析得到当前功率等级,并根据当前功率等级控制可变电容组中各开关的通断,以使可变电容组的容值与当前功率等级相匹配。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制方法,其特征在于,在步骤2)中,控制单元根据当前功率等级,输出通断驱动信号至可变电容组中各开关。
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