CN111463438A - Typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111463438A
CN111463438A CN201910048912.9A CN201910048912A CN111463438A CN 111463438 A CN111463438 A CN 111463438A CN 201910048912 A CN201910048912 A CN 201910048912A CN 111463438 A CN111463438 A CN 111463438A
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typha
carbon
air battery
positive electrode
lithium air
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张煜晨
孙壮
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605Porous electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H01M4/8885Sintering or firing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96Carbon-based electrodes

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein cattail carbon is a carbon material prepared by taking a cattail plant stem as a carbon source, and the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material has a micron/nanopore hierarchical pore structure. The carbon material obtained by the invention has large specific surface area and hierarchical pore characteristics, and the nano-pores and the micro-pores can be respectively used for deposition of discharge products and mass transfer channels of oxygen and electrolyte, shorten the diffusion distance of ions and oxygen, furthest improve the utilization rate of the carbon material pores, and effectively improve the specific discharge capacity, the cycling stability and the rate discharge capacity of the battery.

Description

Typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium-air battery positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a cattail carbon lithium-air battery positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium-air batteries.
Background
With the gradual consumption of fossil fuels and the increasing severity of urban environmental pollution, the development and use of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are more and more emphasized by people. Due to the limitation of the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the continuous driving distance of the conventional electric automobile is still far shorter than that of an internal combustion engine powered automobile. As a new generation of energy supply equipment for electric vehicles, lithium-air batteries have become a research hotspot in academia due to relatively simple structure, extremely high theoretical energy density and low cost.
At present, various carbon materials are mainly adopted by the lithium air battery as anode materials, in the discharging process, oxygen, electrons and lithium ions are carried out on a solid-liquid two-phase interface between electrolyte and the carbon materials, insoluble product-lithium oxide is generated on the surface of the carbon materials, and along with the reaction of generating the insoluble product-lithium oxide, the solid product is accumulated to block an internal pore channel so as to cause the termination of discharging. Therefore, as the site of the electrochemical reaction, the pore structure physical property parameters of the carbon material are as follows: the distribution of specific surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and the like has an important influence on battery performance (particularly, charge and discharge capacity). Therefore, the carbon material with large specific surface area and proper pore structure is prepared, so that the electrolyte can be conveniently transmitted in the porous structure through air, the electrode reaction rate is accelerated, the effective utilization of pores is increased, and the carbon material is of great importance for the air electrode.
Document 1(Journal of Power Sources,2010,195: 2057-. The micropores and part of mesoporous channels of the carbon material are easily blocked by lithium oxide formed in the initial stage of discharge, and the carbon material completely composed of macropores has limited accumulation thickness of discharge products on the pore wall due to poor conductivity of the lithium oxide in the discharge process, so that the central part of the macropores cannot be utilized, and the utilization space of the pores cannot be fully utilized.
Document 2(Advanced Functional Materials,2012,22, 3699-. Carbon,2017,118,139-147 reported a Carbon material comprising 250nm macropores and 4-5nm mesopore hierarchical pores, and the discharge capacity was as high as 37523 mAh/g. However, the material is complex in preparation method, high in cost and high in experimental condition requirement, is not beneficial to large-scale commercial preparation and application, and still cannot meet the requirement of the lithium air battery on the material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a hierarchical pore structure lithium air battery carbon cathode material which is wide in material obtaining, simple to prepare and low in cost, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Therefore, in one aspect, the invention provides a typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material, wherein typha carbon is a carbon material prepared by taking stems of typha plants as a carbon source, and the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material has a micron/nanopore hierarchical pore structure. In fact, the micro/nano-pore hierarchical pore structure is a pore-like structural feature unique to its material itself.
In the invention, the cattail carbon is a carbon material prepared by taking a stem of a cattail plant as a carbon source, and has the characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical pore structure and large specific surface area, and the micro and nano pores are the characteristic pore structure characteristics of the material. And the obtained carbon material has large specific surface area and hierarchical pore characteristics, and the nano-pores and the micro-pores can be respectively used for deposition of discharge products and mass transfer channels of oxygen and electrolyte, shorten the diffusion distance of ions and oxygen, furthest improve the utilization rate of the carbon material pores, and effectively improve the specific discharge capacity, the cycling stability and the rate discharge capacity of the battery.
Preferably, the aperture of the micropores is 1-10 μm; the pore diameter of the nano-pores is 0.1-10 nm. In the above range of micropores and nanopores, it is not blocked by lithium oxide formed at the initial stage of discharge when applied to a lithium oxygen battery.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material is 100-1000 m2/g。
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting a cattail plant stem, and cleaning and drying to obtain a cattail stem;
(2) placing the obtained typha orientalis stems in a protective atmosphere, and carrying out heat treatment for 1-8 hours at 600-1000 ℃ to obtain a sintered product;
(3) and placing the obtained sintered product into an alkali solution and an acid solution, respectively stirring for 1-20 hours, and then centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material.
In the method, the cattail stems are used as raw materials, washed, dried and carbonized at high temperature in an inert atmosphere (heat treatment is carried out for 1-8 hours at 600-1000 ℃) to obtain carbonized sintered products (micron pores are the characteristics of the cattail stem materials and still remain after calcination). And finally, carrying out alkali treatment and acid treatment on the carbonized product, drying and grinding to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material with the micron/nano hole hierarchical pore structure. Wherein the acid-base treatment is used for removing internal impurities of carbonized typha orientalis.
Preferably, the obtained sintered product is placed in an alkali solution, stirred for 1-20 hours, then centrifuged, cleaned and dried to obtain a first purified product, the obtained first purified product is placed in an acid solution, stirred for 1-20 hours, and then centrifuged, cleaned and dried to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material; or placing the obtained sintered product in an acid solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain a second purified product, placing the obtained second purified product in an alkali solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material. In the step (2), the protective atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere, and the inert atmosphere is argon.
Preferably, in the step (3), the alkali solution is a strong alkali solution, preferably a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution; more preferably, the concentration of the strong alkali solution is 1-10M.
Preferably, in the step (3), the rotation speed of the stirring is 500-2000 rpm.
Preferably, in step (3), the acid solution is a strong acid solution, preferably hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid; more preferably, the concentration of the strong acid solution is 1-10M.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a lithium-air battery, wherein the typha carbon lithium-air battery anode material is loaded on the anode of the lithium-air battery. The invention discovers for the first time through characterization that the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material has a specific porous structure (with a micron/nano pore hierarchical pore structure), and when the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material is applied to a lithium air battery, the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material cannot be blocked by lithium oxide formed in the initial discharge stage, and the cycling stability and the specific capacity of the lithium air battery can be greatly improved.
In the invention, the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material is mainly a carbon material and does not contain impure phase, and the specific discharge capacity of the lithium air battery prepared by using the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material can be 7400 mAh/g. The obtained typha carbon lithium air battery anode material has wide sources, low price and easy obtainment of materials, simple preparation process, low cost and large-scale application potential, and the cycling stability and the specific capacity of the lithium air battery can be greatly improved by using the carbon material in the lithium-air battery electrode material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a cattail carbon material obtained in example 1 of the present invention after carbonization and acid-base treatment;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a Typha carbon material obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a primary discharge curve of the typha carbon material obtained in example 1 of the present invention as a lithium-oxygen cathode material;
FIG. 4 is a time-voltage curve of the typha carbon material obtained in example 1 of the present invention as a lithium oxygen cathode material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
In the present disclosure, the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material is characterized by a micron/nano-pore hierarchical pore structure and a large specific surface area. Specifically, the micron/nanopore hierarchical pore structure comprises micron pores and nanopores, wherein the micron pores and the nanopores are the characteristic pore-like structural features of typha carbon.
In an alternative embodiment, the micropores can have a pore size of 1 to 10 microns. The pore diameter of the nanopore can be 0.1-10 nm. The specific surface area of the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material can be 100-1000 m2/g。
In the present disclosure, the cattail carbon lithium-air battery cathode material is a carbon material (may be referred to as cattail carbon for short) prepared by using a stem of a cattail plant as a carbon source. The following exemplarily illustrates a method for preparing a typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material.
Cutting the stems of the cattail plants, and cleaning and drying the cattail stems to obtain the cattail stems. As an example, cattail stems in nature are cut, placed in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 1-10 hours, cleaned to remove surface impurities, and dried in an oven at 50-100 ℃ for 1-5 hours to obtain a raw material (cattail stems with a porous structure).
Placing the cattail stems in a protective atmosphere, and carrying out heat treatment for 1-8 hours at 600-1000 ℃ to obtain a sintered product. As an example, the raw material is put into a porcelain boat, put into a tube furnace, heat-treated at 600 to 1000 ℃ for 1 to 8 hours in an inert atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere to carbonize it, and naturally cooled to obtain a carbonized sintered product. Wherein the inert atmosphere can be argon, etc.
And placing the sintered product in an alkali solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, and then centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain a first purified product. Wherein the alkali solution can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, and the concentration is 1-10M. If not specifically stated, the solvent of the alkaline solution used in the present invention may be typically deionized water, ethanol, or the like. The stirring speed can be 500-2000 rpm. As an example, the sintered product is added into 1-10M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirred for 1-20 hours to form a suspension, the suspension is centrifuged, and then washed with distilled water (for several times) and dried to obtain a first purified product.
And placing the first purified product into an acid solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, and then centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material. The acid solution may be hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid. Unless otherwise specified, the solvent of the acid solution used in the present invention may be generally deionized water, ethanol, or the like. The rotation speed of the stirring (intensive stirring) can be 500-2000 rpm. As an example, the first purified product is added into 1-10M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the steps of strong stirring, cleaning (for multiple times), drying and the like are carried out, so that the typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material is obtained. It should be noted that the order of acid-base treatment in the present invention is not particularly required, and the purpose is mainly to remove internal impurities after the cattail is carbonized.
In addition, the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material can be continuously ground (or ball-milled) for 1-3 hours, and the particle size of particles of the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material is controlled to obtain the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material with uniform particle size.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
Example 1
The cattail carbon material is prepared by taking cattail stems as raw materials. Cutting typha stems from typha, accurately weighing 10g of typha stems, adding the typha stems into 500ml of ethanol, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 10 hours. Then taking out the typha stems, and drying the typha stems in an oven at 100 ℃ for 5 hours. And putting the dried typha into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, performing heat treatment for 4 hours at 1000 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to carbonize the typha, and naturally cooling to obtain a sintered product. And adding the obtained sintered product into 5M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (500ml), stirring (1500 rpm/min) for 20 hours to form suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying to obtain a first purified product. And adding the obtained first purified product into 5M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (500ml), stirring (1500 rpm/min) for 20 hours to form suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, drying, and continuously grinding for 3 hours to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material.
The typha carbon cathode material prepared in the embodiment 1 has a micron/nanopore hierarchical pore structure, specifically: the material is a carbon material, the carbonized material has other impurity peaks except the carbon material, the cattail carbon material has no other impurities after the treatment of the acid-base solution, and the X-ray diffraction result is shown in figure 1. The structure is hollow, the scanning electron microscope result is shown in figure 2, and the aperture range is 1-5 mu m micron. In addition, BET results show that the prepared carbon material has concentrated nanopore distribution at 1-4 nm and the specific surface area is 356m2/g。
The typha carbon material prepared in the example 1 is used as the anode of the lithium air battery, and the electrode loading capacity of the anode material is 3mg/cm2In the presence of electrolyte composed of lithium perchlorate electrolyte salt and dimethyl sulfoxide solvent at room temperature of 0.1mA/cm2At current density, as shown in FIG. 3, 99.99% purity O at 1atm2The discharge capacity of the first circle reaches 7400mAh/g when tested under the condition; under the condition of limited capacity (1000mAh/g) in oxygen atmosphere, the charging and discharging voltage of the typha carbon anode material lithium air battery is still stable after the cycle is more than 1000 hours, as shown in figure 4.
Example 2
The cattail carbon material is prepared by taking cattail stems as raw materials. Cutting typha stems from typha, accurately weighing 2g, adding into 200ml ethanol, and ultrasonically cleaning for 1 hour. Then taking out the typha stems, and drying the typha stems in an oven at 50 ℃ for 5 hours. And putting the dried typha into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, performing heat treatment for 8 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, carbonizing the porcelain boat, and naturally cooling the porcelain boat to obtain a sintered product. Adding the obtained sintered product into 10M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (100ml), stirring (800 rpm) for 1 hour to form suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing with distilled water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a first purified product. And adding the obtained first purified product into 10M nitric acid aqueous solution (100ml), stirring (80 rotation speed/min) for 1 hour to form suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, drying, and continuously grinding for 1 hour to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material. The aperture range of the obtained typha carbon lithium air battery anode material is 1-6 mu m micropores, and in addition, the BET result shows that the prepared carbon material has concentrated nanopore distribution at 2-5 nm, and the specific surface area is 382m2/g。
Example 3
The cattail carbon material is prepared by taking cattail stems as raw materials. Cutting typha stems from typha, accurately weighing 5g, adding into 300ml ethanol, and ultrasonically cleaning for 1 hour. Then taking out the typha stems, and drying the typha stems in an oven at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. And putting the dried typha into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, performing heat treatment for 6 hours at 800 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, carbonizing the porcelain boat, and naturally cooling the porcelain boat to obtain a sintered product. And adding the obtained sintered product into a 1M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (250ml), stirring (1200 rotation speed/min) for 20 hours to form a suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, and drying to obtain a first purified product. Adding the obtained first purified product into 1M sulfuric acid aqueous solution (250ml), stirring (1200 rpm/min) for 20 hours to form suspension, centrifuging the suspension, washing for 3 times by using distilled water, drying, and continuously grinding for 3 hours to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery cathode material. The aperture range of the obtained typha carbon lithium air battery anode material is 1-6 mu m micropores, and in addition, the BET result shows that the prepared carbon material has concentrated nanopore distribution at 1-4 nm, and the specific surface area is 368m2/g。
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The typha carbon lithium air battery anode material is characterized in that typha carbon is a carbon material prepared by taking stems of typha plants as a carbon source, and the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material has a micron/nano hole hierarchical pore structure.
2. The typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said micro/nano pore hierarchical pore structure comprises micro and nano pores; the aperture of the micropores is 1-10 mu m; the pore diameter of the nano-pores is 0.1-10 nm.
3. The typha carbon lithium-air battery positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the specific surface area of the typha carbon lithium-air battery positive electrode material is 100-1000 m2/g。
4. A method for preparing a typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
(1) cutting a cattail plant stem, and cleaning and drying to obtain a cattail stem;
(2) placing the obtained typha orientalis stems in a protective atmosphere, and carrying out heat treatment for 1-8 hours at 600-1000 ℃ to obtain a sintered product;
(3) and placing the obtained sintered product into an alkali solution and an acid solution, respectively stirring for 1-20 hours, and then centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the cattail carbon lithium air battery anode material.
5. The preparation method of the typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material is characterized in that the obtained sintered product is placed in an alkali solution and stirred for 1-20 hours, then centrifugation, cleaning and drying are carried out to obtain a first purified product, the obtained first purified product is placed in an acid solution and stirred for 1-20 hours, and then centrifugation, cleaning and drying are carried out to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material; or placing the obtained sintered product in an acid solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain a second purified product, placing the obtained second purified product in an alkali solution, stirring for 1-20 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the typha carbon lithium air battery anode material.
6. The production method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the step (2), the protective atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere, and the inert atmosphere is argon.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein in the step (3), the alkali solution is a strong alkali solution, preferably a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution; more preferably, the concentration of the strong alkali solution is 1-10M.
8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein in the step (3), the rotation speed of the stirring is 500 to 2000 rpm.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein in the step (3), the acid solution is a strong acid solution, preferably hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid; more preferably, the concentration of the strong acid solution is 1-10M.
10. A lithium-air battery comprising a positive electrode and the Typha carbon lithium-air battery positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 supported on the positive electrode.
CN201910048912.9A 2019-01-18 2019-01-18 Typha carbon lithium air battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111463438A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN115387124A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-11-25 武汉纺织大学 Carbonized typha orientalis based flexible pressure sensor and manufacturing method thereof

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CN103663448A (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-26 天津普兰纳米科技有限公司 Preparation method of carbon material, obtained carbon material and application thereof
CN103855413A (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-06-11 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Porous carbon material used for lithium-air cell anode
CN108682856A (en) * 2018-06-08 2018-10-19 浙江大学 The vanadium phosphate sodium nanocomposite and its preparation method and application of cattail carbon load

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102856611A (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-01-02 中南大学 Micro/nano structured cathode material for lithium air batteries
CN103663448A (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-26 天津普兰纳米科技有限公司 Preparation method of carbon material, obtained carbon material and application thereof
CN102887504A (en) * 2012-09-24 2013-01-23 上海锦众信息科技有限公司 Method for preparing carbon material for lithium ion battery cathode
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115387124A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-11-25 武汉纺织大学 Carbonized typha orientalis based flexible pressure sensor and manufacturing method thereof

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Application publication date: 20200728