CN111461888A - Research method for fusion operation mechanism of electric power and carbon trading market - Google Patents
Research method for fusion operation mechanism of electric power and carbon trading market Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a research method for a fusion operation mechanism of an electric power and carbon trading market, which comprises the following steps: A. establishing a main and secondary chain trading structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, wherein the main chain is an electricity trading chain and stores distributed photovoltaic power generation market trading data, and the secondary chain is a carbon trading chain and stores carbon trading data; B. establishing a bottom technical architecture of the transaction structure, wherein the bottom technical architecture comprises data cross-chain reading, correlation analysis of electricity price and carbon price, a consensus layer and a network layer for stipulating carbon electricity transaction, and a bidirectional anchoring technology of electricity price and carbon price; C. a transaction flow based on the transaction structure and the underlying technical architecture is determined. The invention establishes a trading structure of the distributed photovoltaic power generation market and the carbon market, determines a trading process based on the trading structure, and realizes the fusion operation of the distributed photovoltaic power generation market and the carbon market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric power markets, and particularly relates to a research method for a fusion operation mechanism of an electric power and carbon trading market.
Background
Distributed photovoltaic power generation utilizes clean solar energy resources to complete the nearby production and consumption of electric power, has the advantages of high utilization rate, low utilization rate and the like, particularly accelerates the process of distributed power generation for users represented by photovoltaic power producers and consumers (SPP), but also puts new requirements on the management and transaction of the electric power market. In recent years, China distributed photovoltaic power generation has made a great progress, the distributed photovoltaic power generation gradually moves to market competition from policy subsidy, and a standard for properly reducing the distributed photovoltaic subsidy is provided, so that distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are gradually permitted to enter market trading, but the distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are still limited by factors such as low marketization degree, delay of public service, unsound management system and the like. Distributed photovoltaic projects continue to grow worldwide, but the problems of few types of transactions, low flexibility and the like are obvious, and the degree of marketable transactions still needs to be improved.
The subsidy of the existing distributed power generation project is less, the investment return is low, the enthusiasm of investing the project on the power generation side is influenced, the distributed photovoltaic power generation business needs to be widened urgently, the possibility that distributed photovoltaic can be added into a carbon market exists, and the carbon trading replaces the government subsidy suggestion. But lack a practical transaction system and settlement method.
The block chain technology is rapidly developed, and on one hand, has started to be applied in the Energy field, such as a brooklyn micro-Grid, a large Grid (Grid +), an Energy block chain laboratory (Energy block chain L abs) and the like, the brooklyn micro-Grid project develops an Energy platform on which a distributed photovoltaic power generator can trade Energy, the large Grid allows the distributed power generator to refer to electricity prices changing with time and use a block chain-based payment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a research method for a fusion operation mechanism of an electric power and carbon trading market aiming at the defects of the prior art, establishes a trading structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, determines a trading process based on the trading structure, and realizes the fusion operation of the distributed power generation market and the carbon market.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a research method for a fusion operation mechanism of an electric power and carbon trading market comprises the following steps:
A. establishing a main and secondary chain trading structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, wherein the main chain is an electricity trading chain and stores distributed photovoltaic power generation market trading data, and the secondary chain is a carbon trading chain and stores carbon trading data;
B. establishing a bottom technical architecture of the transaction structure, wherein the bottom technical architecture comprises data cross-chain reading, correlation analysis of electricity price and carbon price, a consensus layer and a network layer for stipulating carbon electricity transaction, and a bidirectional anchoring technology of electricity price and carbon price;
C. a transaction flow based on the transaction structure and the underlying technical architecture is determined.
Further, the step a comprises: the electric trading chain comprises a first block, the carbon trading chain comprises a second block, the first block comprises a first Meckle tree, a photovoltaic root used for recording photovoltaic trading and a cross-chain root used for recording cross-chain trading are arranged below the first Meckle tree, and the second block comprises a second Meckle tree used for recording carbon emission data and a third Meckle tree used for recording carbon trading information.
Furthermore, the generating time scales of the first and second blocks are different, and the generating time of the first block is shorter than that of the second block.
Further, the step B of reading data across chains includes the following steps:
b1, the node A in the carbon transaction chain sends a signature to all the node B in the electric transaction chain;
b2, the full node B verifies the signature sent by the node A and then sends a pass instruction to the node A;
b3, node A sends data search request to all node B;
b4, the full node B sends the transaction data related to A in the first Meckle tree to A;
b5 and the node A broadcast the transaction data obtained in the step B1 to the nodes of the whole network, and miners establish relevance analysis of electricity price and carbon price according to a Copula function theory.
Further, the step B5 includes the following steps:
b51, determining the cumulative distribution function of the electricity price and the carbon price:
wherein X represents the electric power marketThe price of electricity is clear, Y represents the carbon price, X and Y are random variables, (X)1,x2,…xn) And (y)1,y2,…yn) Sample spaces of X and Y, respectively, n being the sample volume;
b52, the joint distribution function is:
H(x1,x2,…xn,y1,y2,…yn)＝C[Fx1(x1),Fx2(x2),…,Fyn(yn)]，
wherein C is Copula function of electricity price and carbon trading price, F (X) is edge distribution function, and edge probability density function is
h is a smoothing coefficient, and K (-) is a kernel function;
b53, converting the edge distribution function f (x) into a uniform distribution U, for the boundary value r of the edge probability density function:
wherein, P[·]A probability of expressing a;
b54, the linear correlation coefficient of the electricity price and the carbon trading price is as follows:
wherein, C(x,y)In order to be the covariance,(x)and(y)is the variance;
b55, calculating a linear correlation coefficient, solving an unknown parameter of the Copula function by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, thereby obtaining the joint probability density of the electricity price and the carbon trading price, and obtaining the electricity price and the carbon trading price random vector with correlation by using Monte Carlo simulation sampling.
Further, the consensus layer for specifying the carbon electricity transaction in step B comprises the following steps:
b6, establishing a consensus mechanism based on carbon value Coipla function analysis and POW fusion, wherein the competition algorithm of the accounting right of each node is as follows:
A(C·H)＝(v,Ri,ki)≤dv+dbase，
wherein A is(C·H)For hash and Copula correlation functions, v denotes the dimension of the correlation analysis variable, RiRoot hash, k, of all data packed into the second chunk for node iiRandom number to be found for node i, dvFor the computational difficulty of the correlation analysis, dbaseIs the default difficulty base of the system;
b7, under the competition algorithm of step B6, the rule that the node i obtains the accounting right includes the following steps:
b71, node i firstly packs all data and calculates the root hash R of the transaction datai；
B72, node i searches the random number meeting the requirement in an enumeration way, and when finding that k is kiWhen the competition algorithm is satisfied, k is setiRecording the block in the second block and broadcasting the block to the whole network;
b73, after receiving the block broadcast by the node i, the other nodes verify the correctness of the data contained in the block according to the validity of the competition algorithm, if the block passes the verification, the block is added to the block chain, the node i obtains the commission charge of all transactions in the block to compensate the electric charge cost caused by mining, and obtains a certain benefit, otherwise, the block is discarded.
Further, the network layer for specifying the carbon electricity transaction in the step B is: in order to make all the contacts agree on the result of the accounting right, the mechanism of POW verification is unchanged, and Copula correlation analysis is verified, and the verification formula is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that A represents a maximum likelihood function, T represents sample capacity, P represents the number of parameters of a fitting function, the smaller the AIC value is, the better the fitting effect is, if the AIC of a new block calculated by a node is the smallest and the POW finishing speed is the fastest, all nodes confirm the block, preferably finish relevance analysis and the whole network node of the POW, obtain the accounting right, package transaction information into the block and broadcast the transaction condition.
Further, the two-way anchoring technical process of the electricity price and the carbon price in the step B is as follows: after the transaction entity J and the K auction transaction succeed, starting an intelligent contract, locking the fund to be paid to K by J on the second block, simultaneously sending a certificate with SPV to the electric transaction chain by the carbon transaction chain, simultaneously verifying that the fund on the carbon transaction chain is locked, opening the digital assets with the same value on the electric transaction chain by K, obtaining the assets with the same value as the carbon transaction amount on the electric transaction chain by K, selecting whether to accept the electric charge withholding service or not by K, and if so, preferentially paying the fee by the K on the electric power market; if the result is rejected; and the electric transaction chain sends rejection information with SPV certification, locks the K electric charge asset on the electric transaction chain, clears the asset, unlocks the carbon transaction chain into transaction amount after the carbon transaction chain is connected to the rejection certification, starts an intelligent contract, and pays funds to the K.
Further, the transaction flow in step C includes:
c1, when the cross-chain transaction is legal, the node j on the carbon transaction chain sends a data application to the electric transaction chain;
c2, after the electric trading chain retrieves the trading history related to the node j on the whole chain, packaging and sending the obtained data and the data analyzed by the correlation between the carbon price and the electric price to the node j, and starting an intelligent contract for data sending;
c3, broadcasting the data of the node j to the nodes of the whole network by the carbon transaction chain, and simultaneously broadcasting the difficulty of the POW;
c4, broadcasting own carbon emission data by the node j, verifying the carbon emission data by miners, and returning a verification value;
c5, the whole-network miners begin to perform Copula function analysis and POW of carbon price and electricity price;
and C6, POW and the AIC value calculated by miners are minimum, when the carbon emission data of the node j is consistent with the check value, generating a second block and connecting a carbon transaction chain, otherwise, returning a report of information error.
Further, the transaction flow also includes the asset transfer between the carbon transaction chain and the electric transaction chain, and the method comprises the following steps:
d1, initializing the contract after starting the intelligent contract;
d2, performing Copula function analysis, and returning an analysis result to the node j;
d3, starting the match of the bilateral transaction auction by the members in the seller set N and the buyer set M;
d4, if the carbon transaction is cleared, making payment; else if seller N of carbon quotaxSubmit asset transfer requirements and SPV prove legal, then lock seller NxObtaining carbon transaction amount on a carbon transaction chain, simultaneously generating a corresponding account on an electric transaction chain and generating equivalent amount, and anchoring the assets by Ethernet;
d5, when the amount of money on the electric transaction chain is not cleared or the asset canceling command is illegal, the seller NxThe user preferentially uses the amount to pay the electricity fee on the electricity transaction chain;
d6, if the SPV of the asset canceling command sent by the seller Nx passes the certification, carrying out balance settlement and locking the assets on the electric transaction chain;
d7, settling assets on carbon chain of transactions, but requiring updating seller N on carbon chain of transactionsxThe asset value of (a).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cross-chain technology selects a side chain, establishes a primary and secondary chain transaction structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, establishes a bottom layer technical framework based on the transaction structure, and comprises data cross-chain reading, correlation analysis of electricity price and carbon price, a consensus layer and a network layer for stipulating carbon electricity transaction, and a bidirectional anchoring technology of electricity price and carbon price, and finally determines a transaction flow based on the transaction structure and the bottom layer technical framework, so that the fusion operation of the distributed power generation market and the carbon market is realized, and the fusion of the distributed power generation market and the carbon market promotes the data sharing of the primary and secondary chain cross-chain and the efficiency of the bilateral auction in the carbon transaction is higher.
2. The intelligent contract is added in the transaction, the contract and the transaction rule are coded, the effectiveness of the electric power transaction and the carbon transaction can be guaranteed, the plasticity of the intelligent contract can be synchronously updated and upgraded by matching policy reform, and the intelligent contract can also realize transaction clearing among nodes, so that point-to-point transactions can be carried out among different transaction main bodies such as different photovoltaic producers and sellers, carbon electricity consumers and the like.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an electric-carbon combination transaction model.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of primary and secondary chain transaction structures and block information.
FIG. 3 is a cross-chain data read graph.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a bi-directional anchoring technique.
Fig. 5 is a sample frequency histogram.
Fig. 6 is a graph of a joint frequency density function.
FIG. 7 is a cross-chain transaction fee graph.
Detailed Description
The research method of the fusion operation mechanism of the electric power and carbon trading market comprises the following steps:
A. establishing a main chain and secondary chain trading structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, wherein the main chain is an electricity trading chain and stores trading data of the distributed photovoltaic power generation market in a certain region, and the secondary chain is a carbon trading chain and stores the carbon trading data of the region, including carbon emission conditions and carbon trading information of carbon emission supervision objects in the region, as shown in figure 1;
as shown in fig. 2, the electrical trade chain includes a first block, and the carbon trade chain includes a second block; the generating time scales of the first block and the second block are different, the generating time of the first block is shorter than that of the second block, the generating time of the first block is in the order of seconds or minutes, and the generating time of the second block can be days or weeks; the first block is generated according to the real-time scheduling of the day-ahead time length of the electric power, and the second block is determined according to the clearing period of the monitoring mechanism;
the block heads of the first block and the second block respectively comprise a Hash value of the previous block, namely the length of the previous block except a block area is 256, the time stamps of the first block and the second block are time information of the block, the first block comprises a first mekle tree, a photovoltaic root for recording photovoltaic transactions and a cross-chain root for recording cross-chain transactions are arranged below the first mekle tree, the second block comprises a second mekle tree for recording carbon emission data and a third mekle tree for recording carbon transaction information, Hash (x, y) represents that a carbon supervision object x sells carbon quota to y and finds the transaction Hash value, and tree structures on the two chains are encrypted by a Hash algorithm to ensure that the transaction data and the recorded data are not tampered;
B. establishing a bottom technical architecture of the transaction structure, wherein the bottom technical architecture comprises data cross-chain reading, correlation analysis of electricity price and carbon price, a consensus layer and a network layer for stipulating carbon electricity transaction, and a bidirectional anchoring technology of electricity price and carbon price;
as shown in fig. 3, the data cross-chain reading includes the following steps:
b1, the node A in the carbon transaction chain sends a signature to all the node B in the electric transaction chain;
b2, the full node B verifies the signature sent by the node A and then sends a pass instruction to the node A;
b3, node A sends data search request to all node B;
b4, the full node B sends the transaction data related to A in the first Meckle tree to A;
b5, after obtaining the transaction data in the step B1, the node A broadcasts the transaction data to nodes of the whole network, and miners establish relevance analysis of electricity price and carbon price according to a Copula function theory;
step B5 further includes the following steps:
b51, determining the cumulative distribution function of the electricity price and the carbon price:
wherein X represents the clear electricity price of the power market, Y represents the carbon price, and X and Y are both random variables, (X)1,x2,…xn) And (y)1,y2,…yn) Sample spaces of X and Y, respectively, n being the sample volume;
b52, the joint distribution function is:
H(x1,x2,…xn,y1,y2,…yn)＝C[Fx1(x1),Fx2(x2),…,Fyn(yn)]，
wherein C is Copula function of electricity price and carbon trading price, F (X) is edge distribution function, and edge probability density function is
h is a smoothing coefficient, and K (-) is a kernel function;
b53, converting the edge distribution function f (x) into a uniform distribution U, for the boundary value r of the edge probability density function:
wherein, P[·]The probability of the expression is shown, and the value range of r is (0, 1);
b54, under the premise that the random variable obeys normal distribution, the linear correlation coefficient of the electricity price and the carbon trading price is as follows:
wherein, C(x,y)In order to be the covariance,(x)and(y)is the variance;
for random variables combined with normal distribution, the Spearman rank of electricity and carbon prices is relatedCoefficient rhospearmanAnd ρ (ρ ═ ρ)(x,y)) There is a definite relationship between them, pspearmanThe calculation method of (x, y) is as follows:
b55, calculating a linear correlation coefficient, solving unknown parameters of a Copula function by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, thereby obtaining the joint probability density of the electricity price and the carbon transaction price, obtaining electricity price and carbon transaction price random vectors with correlation by using Monte Carlo simulation sampling, and making the node A on the carbon chain have pertinence to the bidding of the carbon price in the bilateral auction after the node A obtains correlation analysis;
the consensus layer of the carbon electricity transaction comprises the following steps:
b6, establishing a consensus mechanism based on carbon value Coipla function analysis and POW fusion, wherein the competition algorithm of the accounting right of each node is as follows:
A(C·H)＝(v,Ri,ki)≤dv+dbase，
wherein A is(C·H)For hash and Copula correlation functions, v denotes the dimension of the correlation analysis variable, RiRoot hash, k, of all data packed into the second chunk for node iiRandom number to be found for node i, dvFor the computational difficulty of the correlation analysis, dbaseIs the default difficulty base of the system;
b7, under the competition algorithm of step B6, the rule that the node i obtains the accounting right includes the following steps:
b71, node i firstly packs all data and calculates the root hash R of the transaction datai；
B72, node i searches the random number meeting the requirement in an enumeration way, and when finding that k is kiWhen the competition algorithm is satisfied, k is setiRecording the block in the block and broadcasting the block to the whole network;
b73, after receiving the block broadcast by the node i, the other nodes verify the correctness of the data contained in the block according to the validity of the competition algorithm, if the validity is passed, the block is added to a second block chain (namely a chain formed by a plurality of second blocks), the node i obtains the commission charge of all transactions in the block so as to compensate the electricity charge cost caused by mining, and obtains a certain profit, otherwise, the block is discarded;
the competition algorithm is the computing power competition of the nodes, the process is similar to a mining mechanism of bitcoin, the competition algorithm can be simply understood as a competition process with computing power, the process is difficult to solve, whether the solution is correct or not is easy to verify (namely, the correctness of the data contained in the block is verified), when the node i completes the computation before other nodes, the result is disclosed, and the result can be verified by other nodes in the network together, so that the correctness of the data computation is ensured;
the above consensus mechanism has the following advantages: on one hand, the node A can broadcast the obtained data, and the nodes in the whole network carry out calculation, so that the calculation power waste of the POW is avoided, on the other hand, the target calculation difficulty of the POW is properly reduced, the calculation power of the nodes in the whole network is distinguished, and the difficulty in distinguishing the accounting right caused by the fact that the copula correlation analysis calculation target is too simple is avoided;
the network layer of the carbon electricity transaction is as follows:
in order to make all the contacts agree on the result of the accounting right, the mechanism of POW verification is unchanged, and Copula correlation analysis is verified, and the verification formula is as follows:
wherein, A represents a maximum likelihood function, T represents the sample capacity, P represents the parameter number of a fitting function, the smaller the AIC value is, the better the fitting effect is, if the AIC of a new block calculated by a node is the smallest and the POW completion speed is the fastest, all nodes confirm the block, preferentially complete the correlation analysis and the whole network node of the POW, obtain the accounting right, package transaction information into the block and broadcast the transaction condition;
the carbon market and the distributed photovoltaic power generation market have the following scenes:
carbon transaction internal clearing: namely, both the buyer and the seller are carbon electricity consumers, the carbon quota sold by the seller can be settled in the form of electric charge on an electric transaction chain, and the electric charge is paid for the electric energy used by the seller in the future, and in addition, the carbon quota can be transferred back to the carbon transaction chain;
cross-market clearing is carried out, a buyer is a carbon electricity consumer, a seller is a photovoltaic producer and consumer, and the seller can select to settle on an electricity transaction chain or return to the carbon transaction chain for settlement; the buyer and the seller can complete the carbon transaction without entering the carbon transaction exchange to pay the commission charge;
the value flow is realized by means of a bidirectional anchoring technology in a side chain, as shown in fig. 4, the bidirectional anchoring technology process of the electricity price and the carbon price is as follows:
after the trading entity J and K successfully auctions the trade, the intelligent contract (intelligent contract is a coded contract or contract with complete picture flexibility and executed under the corresponding condition is satisfied), the fund to be paid to K on the second block is locked, while the carbon transaction chain sends to the electric transaction chain a proof with SPV (SPV: simple payment verification), while verifying that the funds on the carbon transaction chain have been locked (creating a proof by taking the nodes in the path connecting the mercker root with one of the bottom transactions and binding them together), K opens digital assets of the same value on the electric transaction chain, acquiring assets equivalent to the carbon transaction amount on an electric transaction chain by K, selecting whether to accept electric charge deduction service by K, and if so, preferentially paying the transaction deduction fee of the K in the electric power market by the part of the fee; if the result is rejected; the electric transaction chain sends rejection information with SPV certification, simultaneously locks the K electric charge asset on the electric transaction chain, clears the asset, unlocks the carbon transaction chain into transaction amount after the carbon transaction chain is connected to the rejection certification, starts an intelligent contract, and pays funds to the K;
C. determining a transaction flow based on the transaction structure and the underlying technical architecture, specifically comprising:
c1, when the cross-chain transaction is legal, the node j on the carbon transaction chain sends a data application to the electric transaction chain;
c2, after the electric trading chain retrieves the trading history related to the node j on the whole chain, packaging and sending the obtained data and the data analyzed by the correlation between the carbon price and the electric price to the node j, and starting an intelligent contract for data sending;
c3, broadcasting data of the node j to nodes of the whole network (the nodes of the whole network comprise common nodes on both an electric transaction chain and a carbon transaction chain), and broadcasting the difficulty of the POW, wherein the calculation result of the hash value is a random number, no one can directly control the calculation result, but the calculation difficulty can be changed by adjusting the difficulty of the target random number;
c4, broadcasting own carbon emission data by a node j, and checking the carbon emission data by miners (the specific checking process is the prior art, the calculating process is to count and check whether the carbon emission data of the node is consistent with the carbon quota and the data of the over-displacement, and the more specific process can refer to a carbon emission checking method), and returning a check value;
c5, the whole-network miners begin to perform Copula function analysis and POW of carbon price and electricity price;
c6, POW and miner calculate the minimum situation of AIC value, when the carbon emission data and check value of the node j are identical, produce the second block and connect the carbon trade chain, otherwise, return the report of the information error;
the transaction flow also includes asset transfer between the carbon transaction chain and the electrical transaction chain, including the steps of:
d1, initializing the contract after starting the intelligent contract;
d2, performing Copula function analysis, and returning an analysis result to the node j;
d3, starting the match of the bilateral transaction auction by the members in the seller set N and the buyer set M; the seller set N and the buyer set M have double attributes, the seller can trade electricity and carbon quota, and the buyer can buy electricity and carbon quota and only change under different transaction conditions;
d4, if the carbon transaction is cleared, making payment; else if seller N of carbon quotaxSubmit asset transfer requirements and SPV prove legal, then lock seller NxTrading on carbonThe carbon transaction amount obtained on the chain, a corresponding account is generated on the electric transaction chain and an equivalent amount is generated, and the assets are anchored by Ethernet currency;
d5, when the amount of money on the electric transaction chain is not cleared or the asset canceling command is illegal, the seller NxThe user preferentially uses the amount to pay the electricity fee on the electricity transaction chain;
d6, if the command for canceling the SPV certificate sent by the seller Nx passes, carrying out balance settlement and locking the assets on the electric transaction chain; wherein the command passing steps are:
1. calculating a transaction hash value of the payment to be verified;
2. the node acquires and stores all block heads of the longest chain from the block chain network to the local;
3. the node acquires a Mercker tree hash authentication path corresponding to payment to be verified from the block chain; (where the hash value corresponding to the transaction is found);
4. calculating a root hash value of the Mercker tree according to the hash authentication path, comparing the calculation result with the root hash value of the Mercker tree in the local block head, and positioning a block containing payment to be verified (finding which block the hash value belongs to);
5. verifying whether the block head of the block is contained in the known longest chain or not according to the position of the block head, determining the confirmation quantity obtained by the payment, and if so, proving that the payment is true and valid;
d7, settling assets on carbon chain of transactions, but requiring updating seller N on carbon chain of transactionsxThe asset value of (a).
The safety of funds on two chains can be ensured through the algorithm, and the method has the advantages of the following two aspects, on one hand, the carbon price and the electricity price data are shared, and the price of carbon can be more effectively offered by analyzing the own transaction of photovoltaic electric quantity in historical transactions; on the other hand, the fund can be transferred back and forth to more choices of carbon trading parties, the trading is more flexible, and in addition, the business range of the distributed photovoltaic power generation market is expanded.
The process is further illustrated below with specific examples:
1) example basic data
The testing is carried out on an Ethermen platform, the deployment testing of an intelligent contract is carried out through metamask and remix, the side chain is constructed through a room network platform, the side chain is deployed on a server with 8-core CPU and 16GB memory, and the testing network is Rinkeby and a local private chain. In the section, the improved IEEE33 node system is adopted to simulate the transaction process, under the condition that original load and line parameters are not changed, carbon electricity consumers are added to the nodes 5,11,12 and 22, and distributed photovoltaic producers and consumers are added to the nodes 6,14,18,20,24 and 32.
2) Correlation analysis of carbon value and electricity value
The data of the carbon price and the electricity price come from historical data of a carbon trading market and a distributed power generation trading in a certain province in China, and after data is obtained at a certain node, the data is broadcasted to nodes in the whole network, so that copula relevance test results of the lowest AIC value calculated by miners after AIC criterion test are shown in fig. 5 and 6. The correlation of the historical data samples of the carbon price and the electricity price corresponding to the time is large, the distribution of the carbon price and the electricity price is in a U shape, the correlation between the upper end and the lower end is achieved, the combined density function of the carbon price and the electricity price has approximately symmetrical tails, and therefore copula correlation analysis can provide effective suggestions for carbon price bidding for blocks on the current carbon chain.
3) Carbon-electricity combined transaction process and result
A certain carbon quota clearing process is taken as an example to simulate a cross-chain transaction process, a negative sign represents that the carbon emission exceeds the standard, and a positive sign represents that the converted carbon quota of the distributed photovoltaic producer and consumer or the carbon quota of a carbon emission monitoring object does not exceed a reference part, and can participate in selling. Each node issues an estimated carbon quota value, and other nodes in the network check to obtain a consensus check value. Market membership information prior to cross-chain trading is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 market Member information
| Node numbering | Predictive carbon quota | Consensus check value |
| 5 | -1532 | -1455 |
| 11 | 341 | 341 |
| 12 | -265 | -261 |
| 22 | 154 | 134 |
| 6 | 213 | 213 |
| 14 | 456 | 456 |
| 18 | 99 | 94 |
| 20 | 36 | 41 |
| 24 | 87 | 87 |
| 32 | 395 | 350 |
Taking the carbon trading rule of a certain province as an example, the carbon quote is randomly generated within the range of (20, 60). After each node issues transaction information, an intelligent contract is started to conduct bilateral auction, the intelligent contract is matched according to bidding conditions of both sides of the carbon transaction, and the clearing result of the carbon transaction is shown in table 2.
It can be seen from the table that compared with the price quoted at the carbon exchange, on the blockchain platform, the buyer nodes 5 and 12, after copula correlation analysis, give more reasonable carbon quoted prices, that is, the price difference between the buyer quoted prices and the seller quoted prices is smaller, and at the same time, it can be seen that the bidding space of the buyer quoted prices is more stable, and the matching situation of the buyer quoted prices to the seller is better. The main body of the transaction with different attributes obviously needs to perform cross-chain transaction, the node 5 and the node 11 belong to the same carbon transaction chain, and the node 11 still sends the application of the cross-chain transaction in the transaction, namely, starts the intelligent contract for electric charge generation. In the transactions of the nodes 12 and 11, the node 11 does not send the request because the cross-chain transaction of the relatively small transaction amount is safer, and the local storage of large-amount funds can improve the fund circulation per se.
TABLE 2 carbon trade clearing results
The main chain (electrical trade chain) runs in the Rinkey test environment, while the side chain (carbon trade chain) runs in the loom API, and we have chosen the conversion rate of $ 2018..5.5 to ethernet to be 816.58USD as the settlement rate, because of the limited ethernet resources of the current Ropsten test environment. The buyer and the seller of each transaction have unique hash addresses, each transaction needs to pay additional handling fees, the fee called gas Ethernet currency transaction on the Ethernet is not an integer, and currency support is provided for realizing accurate settlement in the transaction.
4) Cross-chain transaction fee
The Etherhouse platform costs gas for each transaction, and moreover, a large number of statistics on the cost of cross-chain transactions and on-chain transactions are performed, and the statistical results are shown in FIG. 7 below. In the figures, both transactions consume gas, and it can be seen that the high procedure can accelerate the block confirmation speed, so that miners can pack the transactions into the blocks earlier, but the transaction speed is improved, so that a bottleneck exists, and the transaction confirmation time cannot be greatly shortened even if the high procedure fee is too high. In addition, the block confirmation time of the cross-chain transaction is obviously longer than that of the on-chain transaction, and the time fluctuation range of the same handling fee is larger, but the cross-chain transaction time can be accepted according to the transaction time requirements of a carbon chain and an electric chain.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents and modifications within the scope of the description.
Claims (10)
1. A research method for a fusion operation mechanism of an electric power and carbon trading market is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. establishing a main and secondary chain trading structure of a distributed photovoltaic power generation market and a carbon market, wherein the main chain is an electricity trading chain and stores distributed photovoltaic power generation market trading data, and the secondary chain is a carbon trading chain and stores carbon trading data;
B. establishing a bottom technical architecture of the transaction structure, wherein the bottom technical architecture comprises data cross-chain reading, correlation analysis of electricity price and carbon price, a consensus layer and a network layer for stipulating carbon electricity transaction, and a bidirectional anchoring technology of electricity price and carbon price;
C. a transaction flow based on the transaction structure and the underlying technical architecture is determined.
2. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step A comprises the following steps: the electric trading chain comprises a first block, the carbon trading chain comprises a second block, the first block comprises a first Meckle tree, a photovoltaic root used for recording photovoltaic trading and a cross-chain root used for recording cross-chain trading are arranged below the first Meckle tree, and the second block comprises a second Meckle tree used for recording carbon emission data and a third Meckle tree used for recording carbon trading information.
3. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the generating time scales of the first block and the second block are different, and the generating time of the first block is shorter than that of the second block.
4. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the data cross-chain reading in the step B comprises the following steps:
b1, the node A in the carbon transaction chain sends a signature to all the node B in the electric transaction chain;
b2, the full node B verifies the signature sent by the node A and then sends a pass instruction to the node A;
b3, node A sends data search request to all node B;
b4, the full node B sends the transaction data related to A in the first Meckle tree to A;
b5 and the node A broadcast the transaction data obtained in the step B1 to the nodes of the whole network, and miners establish relevance analysis of electricity price and carbon price according to a Copula function theory.
5. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step B5 includes the following steps:
b51, determining the cumulative distribution function of the electricity price and the carbon price:
wherein X represents the clear electricity price of the power market, Y represents the carbon price, and X and Y are both random variables, (X)1,x2,…xn) And (y)1,y2,…yn) Sample spaces of X and Y, respectively, n being the sample volume;
b52, the joint distribution function is:
H(x1,x2,…xn,y1,y2,…yn)＝C[Fx1(x1),Fx2(x2),…,Fyn(yn)]，
wherein C is Copula function of electricity price and carbon trading price, F (X) is edge distribution function, and edge probability density function is
h is a smoothing coefficient, and K (-) is a kernel function;
b53, converting the edge distribution function f (x) into a uniform distribution U, for the boundary value r of the edge probability density function:
wherein, P[·]A probability of expressing a;
b54, the linear correlation coefficient of the electricity price and the carbon trading price is as follows:
wherein, C(x,y)In order to be the covariance,(x)and(y)is the variance;
b55, calculating a linear correlation coefficient, solving an unknown parameter of the Copula function by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, thereby obtaining the joint probability density of the electricity price and the carbon trading price, and obtaining the electricity price and the carbon trading price random vector with correlation by using Monte Carlo simulation sampling.
6. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the consensus layer for specifying the carbon electricity transaction in the step B comprises the following steps:
b6, establishing a consensus mechanism based on carbon value Coipla function analysis and POW fusion, wherein the competition algorithm of the accounting right of each node is as follows:
A(C·H)＝(v,Ri,ki)≤dv+dbase，
wherein A is(C·H)For hash and Copula correlation functions, v denotes the dimension of the correlation analysis variable, RiRoot hash, k, of all data packed into the second chunk for node iiRandom number to be found for node i, dvFor the computational difficulty of the correlation analysis, dbaseIs the default difficulty base of the system;
b7, under the competition algorithm of step B6, the rule that the node i obtains the accounting right includes the following steps:
b71, node i firstly packs all data and calculates the root hash R of the transaction datai；
B72, node i searches the random number meeting the requirement in an enumeration way, and when finding that k is kiWhen the competition algorithm is satisfied, k is setiRecording the block in the second block and broadcasting the block to the whole network;
b73, after receiving the block broadcast by the node i, the other nodes verify the correctness of the data contained in the block according to the validity of the competition algorithm, if the block passes the verification, the block is added to the block chain, the node i obtains the commission charge of all transactions in the block to compensate the electric charge cost caused by mining, and obtains a certain benefit, otherwise, the block is discarded.
7. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the network layer for specifying the carbon electricity transaction in the step B is as follows: in order to make all the contacts agree on the result of the accounting right, the mechanism of POW verification is unchanged, and Copula correlation analysis is verified, and the verification formula is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that A represents a maximum likelihood function, T represents sample capacity, P represents the number of parameters of a fitting function, the smaller the AIC value is, the better the fitting effect is, if the AIC of a new block calculated by a node is the smallest and the POW finishing speed is the fastest, all nodes confirm the block, preferably finish relevance analysis and the whole network node of the POW, obtain the accounting right, package transaction information into the block and broadcast the transaction condition.
8. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the two-way anchoring technical process of the electricity price and the carbon price in the step B is as follows: after the transaction entity J and the K auction transaction succeed, starting an intelligent contract, locking the fund to be paid to K by J on the second block, simultaneously sending a certificate with SPV to the electric transaction chain by the carbon transaction chain, simultaneously verifying that the fund on the carbon transaction chain is locked, opening the digital assets with the same value on the electric transaction chain by K, obtaining the assets with the same value as the carbon transaction amount on the electric transaction chain by K, selecting whether to accept the electric charge withholding service or not by K, and if so, preferentially paying the fee by the K on the electric power market; if the result is rejected; and the electric transaction chain sends rejection information with SPV certification, locks the K electric charge asset on the electric transaction chain, clears the asset, unlocks the carbon transaction chain into transaction amount after the carbon transaction chain is connected to the rejection certification, starts an intelligent contract, and pays funds to the K.
9. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transaction flow in step C includes:
c1, when the cross-chain transaction is legal, the node j on the carbon transaction chain sends a data application to the electric transaction chain;
c2, after the electric trading chain retrieves the trading history related to the node j on the whole chain, packaging and sending the obtained data and the data analyzed by the correlation between the carbon price and the electric price to the node j, and starting an intelligent contract for data sending;
c3, broadcasting the data of the node j to the nodes of the whole network by the carbon transaction chain, and simultaneously broadcasting the difficulty of the POW;
c4, broadcasting own carbon emission data by the node j, verifying the carbon emission data by miners, and returning a verification value;
c5, the whole-network miners begin to perform Copula function analysis and POW of carbon price and electricity price;
and C6, POW and the AIC value calculated by miners are minimum, when the carbon emission data of the node j is consistent with the check value, generating a second block and connecting a carbon transaction chain, otherwise, returning a report of information error.
10. The method for researching the electric power and carbon trading market fusion operation mechanism according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the transaction flow also includes asset transfer between a carbon transaction chain and an electrical transaction chain, including the steps of:
d1, initializing the contract after starting the intelligent contract;
d2, performing Copula function analysis, and returning an analysis result to the node j;
d3, starting the match of the bilateral transaction auction by the members in the seller set N and the buyer set M;
d4, if the carbon transaction is cleared, making payment; else if seller N of carbon quotaxSubmit asset transfer requirements and SPV prove legal, then lock seller NxObtaining carbon transaction amount on a carbon transaction chain, simultaneously generating a corresponding account on an electric transaction chain and generating equivalent amount, and anchoring the assets by Ethernet;
d5, when the amount of money on the electric transaction chain is not cleared or the asset canceling command is illegal, the seller NxThe user preferentially uses the amount to pay the electric charge on the electric transaction chain；
D6, if the SPV of the asset canceling command sent by the seller Nx passes the certification, carrying out balance settlement and locking the assets on the electric transaction chain;
d7, settling assets on carbon chain of transactions, but requiring updating seller N on carbon chain of transactionsxThe asset value of (a).
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