CN111461478B - Large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method and system, and belongs to the field of water-light complementary scheduling. Firstly, randomly generating an initial population in a search space, updating the optimal positions of individuals and the optimal positions of the whole situation in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population; and improving the convergence speed of the population by using a local search strategy, screening the population by using a self-adaptive variation strategy, updating by iteratively calculating the positions of all individuals in the population, and obtaining the global optimal position of the population as the optimal scheme of the water-light energy complementary scheduling after the maximum iteration times are reached. The invention solves the technical problems of difficult getting rid of local optimization, weak development capability and the like of the existing GSA algorithm, has the advantage of strong optimization capability, can reasonably process the balance between exploration and development aiming at the problem of water-light cooperative scheduling, and has good engineering practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water-light complementary scheduling, and particularly relates to a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method and system.
Background
China is rich in energy reserves, fossil energy is mainly coal, coal reserves are in the third world, and hydraulic resource theories are in the first world. The new energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like are rich. However, China has a large population, the energy occupation is low, and the distribution is extremely unbalanced. With the improvement of the technical level, the direction of researchers is gradually expanded to a new technical field of solar energy. In the operation of a power grid, various power loads usually participate, for the cooperative scheduling of a cascade reservoir group and a photovoltaic power station, the variance of the load participated by the power grid is usually taken as the final target of optimization, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein f is the objective function value; rhosThe generation output probability of the s photovoltaic power station is obtained; ps,m,tThe output of the mth photovoltaic power station in t time periods after the generation of the s probability. L istThe load demand of the power system for the t-th period. Pn,tThe output of the nth power station in the t period is obtained; m is the number of photovoltaic power stations; n is the total number of hydropower stations; t is the total number of time periods.
The constraints that need to be satisfied are as follows:
(1) and (3) water balance constraint:wherein, NUnThe number of upstream power plants directly connected to the nth hydroelectric power plant; vn,tThe storage capacity of the nth hydropower station in the t period; q. q.sn,tThe interval flow of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained; i isn,tThe total warehousing flow of the nth hydropower station in the tth time period is obtained; o isn,tThe total ex-warehouse flow of the nth hydropower station in the t time period is obtained; qn,tThe generated flow rate of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained.
(2) Water head restraint: hn,t=0.5(Zn,t+Zn,t-1)-dn,t. Wherein Z isn,tThe water level of the nth hydropower station in front of the dam in the tth time period; hn,tHead for nth hydropower station at t time period; dn,tDownstream of the nth hydropower station in the t-th period.
(3) And (3) water level restriction before dam:wherein,the minimum value of the dam front water level of the nth hydropower station in the tth time period is obtained;the maximum value of the dam front water level of the nth hydropower station in the tth time period is obtained;
(4) and (3) power generation flow restriction:wherein,generating flow upper limit for the nth hydropower station in the t period;the lower limit of the generating flow of the nth hydropower station in the t period;
(5) reservoir delivery flow restraint:wherein,the upper limit of the ex-warehouse flow of the nth hydropower station in the t period is set;the lower limit of the ex-warehouse flow of the nth hydropower station in the t period is set;
(6) and (3) power station output restraint:wherein,the hydropower station is the hydropower station with the upper limit of hydropower output in the t time period;the hydropower station is the hydropower station with the lower limit of hydropower output in the t time period;
(7) photovoltaic power station output restraint:wherein,The lower limit of luminous energy output of the nth hydropower station in the t period,and the output upper limit of the luminous energy of the nth hydropower station in the tth period is defined.
Generally, the optimization objective in a power system with cascaded hydropower station clusters is generally to determine an optimal scheduling scheme in order to maximize the overall power system benefit while satisfying a set of physical constraints (e.g., water balance constraints, generation flow constraints). With the large-scale injection of solar photovoltaic power generation, the influence of the external environment on the prediction uncertainty becomes prominent, and the formulation of a scientific decision scheme becomes more difficult. To effectively address this challenge, it is important to develop an appropriate optimization model in consideration of the uncertainty of solar power generation. The Gravity Search Algorithm (GSA) is a novel population-based evolutionary algorithm, inspired by newton's laws of gravity and motion. In GSA, each potential solution is considered as a planet in the universe, whose quality can be measured by a fitness value related to the target problem. However, because these factors tend to have individuals of the same quality later in evolution, GSA is difficult to get rid of problems of local optimality and weak easy-to-develop ability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method and system, so that the technical problems that the existing GSA algorithm is difficult to get rid of local optimization, the development capability is weak and the like are solved.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a large-scale complementary scheduling method for water and light energy, including the following steps:
(1) determining constraint conditions among power stations, wherein the power stations comprise hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations, the ex-warehouse flow of each hydropower station at different moments is used as a decision variable and is coded, then an initial population is randomly generated in a search space according to the decision variable, the initial population is used as a current population, and any individual in the population represents a water-light energy complementary scheduling scheme;
(2) acquiring the fitness of all individuals in the current population, updating the optimal positions of the individuals and the global optimal position in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population;
in the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of an optimal individual in the current iteration of the population;
(3) based on the population obtained after updating the positions of all individuals of the population, local search is carried out on the population by adopting a local search strategy so as to improve the convergence speed of the population;
(4) screening populations by adopting a self-adaptive variation strategy to improve the diversity of the populations;
(5) returning individuals exceeding the boundary to the boundary range to form a next generation population based on the population obtained after mutation by adopting a mutation strategy;
(6) and (3) judging whether the algebra of the current population reaches the preset maximum iteration times, if not, taking the next generation population as the current population, returning to the step (2), if so, stopping calculation, and outputting the optimal individual corresponding to the global optimal position as the optimal scheme of the water-light energy complementary scheduling.
Preferably, X is for any individual in the population of the kth generationi(k) Can be expressed asWherein N represents the number of power stations; t represents the number of periods; is Xi(k) The flow out of the nth hydropower station in the t period,for the lower limit of the generating flow of the nth hydropower station in the t-th time period, rand (0,1) is [0,1 ]]Random numbers with uniformly distributed intervals, k represents the number of iterations, Xi(k) With N x T dimensions.
Preferably, the ith individual X of the kth generationi(k) Fitness F [ X ] ofi(k)]Comprises the following steps:
where ρ issThe occurrence probability of the s photovoltaic power station is shown; s is the total number of probabilities,Ltload demand for the power system at the tth time period; ps,m,tIs at a probability ρsThe output of the next mth photovoltaic power station in the t period; pn,tThe output of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained; m is the total number of photovoltaic power plants; n is the total number of hydropower stations; t is the total number of time periods; ga[Xi(k)]And caA constraint violation value and a penalty coefficient which are respectively an a-th inequality constraint; e.g. of the typeb[Xi(k)]And cbConstraint violation values and penalty coefficients for the b-th equation, respectively; a and B are the number of inequality constraints and equality constraints, respectively.
Preferably, is prepared fromUpdating the global optimal position in the current populationUpdating the optimal position of the individual in the current population; wherein gBest (k) is the global optimal position of the kth iteration of the population, and gBest (k) { gBest }d(k),d=1,2...,D},gBestd(k) The global optimum position of the kth iteration of the population in the d dimension, the global optimum position of the kth-1 iteration of the gBest (k-1) population, the optimal position of the ith individual in the D dimension for the kth iteration, D is the maximum dimension of the ith individual, pBesti(k) For the individual optimal position, pBest, of the ith individual of the kth iteration of the populationi(k-1) is the individual optimal position of the ith individual in the k-1 iteration of the population.
Rij(k)=||xi(k)-xj(k)||
wherein,andthe ith individuals of the kth generation population and the (k + 1) th generation population are respectively positioned in the d-dimension,the position of the ith individual in the jth dimension of the kth generation population; position of ith individual in kth iteration of populationPosition of ith individual in population k +1 iteration Andthe speed of the ith individual in the d-dimension for the kth iteration and the (k + 1) th iteration respectively,acceleration in d-dimension, rand, for the ith individual of the kth iterationjAnd randiIs [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed among them; kbest is the first K individuals with better fitness;
the worst fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population;the optimal fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population is obtained;the force of the ith individual on the jth individual in the d-dimension; mpi(k) Is the passive mass of the ith individual, Maj(k) Is the active mass of the jth individual, Rij(k) For the ith individual and the jth individualEuclidean distance of (G)0Is the initial value of the universal gravitation constant, G (k) is the value of the universal gravitation constant of the kth iteration, alpha is the attenuation coefficient, and epsilon is a constant value.
Preferably, the population is searched locally using the following formula:
c2=1-c1
in the formula,local search position of ith individual in d dimension for k iteration; r is3And r4Is [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed in intervals; deltadIs the median value of the d-th dimension in the search space;an opponent factor in the d dimension for the ith individual of the kth iteration; c. C1And c2Is a learning factor;the dimension d is the upper limit value of the search space;x dis the d-dimension lower limit value of the search space;for a preset maximum iterationThe number of times.
Preferably, step (4) comprises:
the positions of individuals in the current population are sorted according to fitness value, wherein the first a (a) is<m) individuals directly enter the population for the next iteration, and the rest m-a individuals adopt the self-adaptive variation operation to generate the variation individuals and the former a (a) individuals<m) individuals are used as the population of the next iteration; the self-adaptive variation mode is as follows:the variation position of the ith individual in the d dimension for the k iteration, alpha is an individual subscript randomly selected from the population,representing the position of the d-dimension of the alpha individual for the k-th iteration; phi is [ -0.5,0.5 [ ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed in intervals; elite is the set of the first three optimal individual positions obtained from the current population,for the individual position in the d-dimension of the β -th individual for the kth iteration, β is a randomly selected individual subscript in the Elite.
Preferably, is prepared fromReturning individuals that are outside the boundary to within the boundary, wherein,r1is [0,1 ]]Random numbers are evenly distributed in intervals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a large-scale complementary scheduling system for water and light energy, comprising:
the initial population generation module is used for determining constraint conditions among power stations, wherein the power stations comprise hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations, the ex-warehouse flow of each hydropower station at different moments is used as a decision variable and is coded, then an initial population is randomly generated in a search space according to the decision variable and is used as a current population, and any individual in the population represents a water-light energy complementary scheduling scheme;
the position updating module is used for acquiring the fitness of all individuals in the current population, updating the optimal positions of the individuals and the global optimal position in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population; in the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of an optimal individual in the current iteration of the population;
the local search module is used for carrying out local search on the population by adopting a local search strategy based on the population obtained after updating all individual positions of the population so as to improve the convergence speed of the population;
the self-adaptive variation module is used for screening the population by adopting a self-adaptive variation strategy so as to improve the diversity of the population;
the next generation population generation module is used for returning individuals exceeding the boundary to the boundary range to form a next generation population based on the population obtained after the variation by adopting the variation strategy;
the scheduling scheme determining module is used for judging whether the algebra of the current population reaches the preset maximum iteration times, if not, taking the next generation population as the current population, and repeatedly executing the operation from the position updating module to the next generation population generating module; and if so, stopping calculation, and outputting the optimal individual corresponding to the global optimal position as an optimal scheme of the water-light energy complementary scheduling.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the method solves the problem of the combined system of the cascade hydropower station group and the photovoltaic power station, has simple principle, enhances the global search capability and effectively avoids the problem that the existing GSA algorithm is difficult to get rid of local optimum; a local search strategy is adopted to improve the population convergence precision so as to enhance the algorithm development capability; and the population diversity is improved by adopting self-adaptive variation operation. In conclusion, the method has the advantages of strong optimizing capability, difficulty in premature convergence, easiness in implementation and the like, and can obtain a satisfactory result in the cooperative scheduling of the cascade hydropower station and the photovoltaic power station system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative scheduling result of the lower-grade power station and the photovoltaic power station in case 1-1 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative scheduling result of the lower-grade power station and the photovoltaic power station in case 1-2 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(c) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative dispatching result of the lower-grade power station and the photovoltaic power station in the embodiment 1-3 of the invention;
FIG. 2(d) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative scheduling result of the lower-stage power station and the photovoltaic power station in case 2-1 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(e) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative scheduling result of the lower-grade power station and the photovoltaic power station in case 2-2 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(f) is a box-type diagram of the cooperative scheduling result of the lower-grade power station and the photovoltaic power station in case 2-3 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the cascade power station and photovoltaic power station scheduling process of the method of the present invention in case 1-1;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the cascade power station and photovoltaic power station scheduling process of the method of the present invention in case 1-2;
fig. 3(c) is a diagram of the cascade power station and photovoltaic power station scheduling process of the method of the present invention under cases 1-3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to overcome the defects that a standard GSA method is difficult to get rid of local optimum and has weak easy development capability, the invention provides a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method and a system. On the basis of a standard GSA method, a local search strategy is adopted to improve the population convergence speed; and the population diversity is improved by adopting self-adaptive variation operation. Has engineering practicability and feasibility.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the method relates to cooperative optimal scheduling of a cascade reservoir group and a photovoltaic power station, and the specific steps include:
(1) constraints between power stations are determined, the power stations including hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations. And selecting parameters required by calculation, taking the flow of each hydropower station discharged from the reservoir at different time intervals as decision variables, and coding. Let the number of iterations k be 1 and initialize all individuals in the population in the search space.
For any individual in the kth generation populationCan be expressed asWherein N represents the number of power stations; t represents the number of periods;
wherein the ith individual of the kth iterationThe initialization mode of the ex-warehouse flow of the nth hydropower station in the tth time period is as follows:wherein,is composed ofIn the nth hydroelectric stationThe flow rate of the warehouse-out in the time period,for the lower limit of the generating flow of the nth hydropower station in the t-th time period, rand (0,1) is [0,1 ]]Random numbers evenly distributed over the interval, k representing the number of iterations,with N x T dimensions.
(2) Calculating the fitness of all individuals of the current population
Ith individual X of the k generationi(k) Fitness F [ X ] ofi(k)]Comprises the following steps:
where ρ issThe occurrence probability of the s photovoltaic power station is shown; s is the total number of probabilities,Ltload demand for the power system at the tth time period; ps,m,tIs at a probability ρsThe output of the next mth photovoltaic power station in the t period; pn,tThe output of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained; m is the total number of photovoltaic power plants; n is the total number of hydropower stations; t is the total number of time periods; ga[Xi(k)]And caA constraint violation value and a penalty coefficient which are respectively an a-th inequality constraint; e.g. of the typeb[Xi(k)]And cbConstraint violation values and penalty coefficients for the b-th equation, respectively; a and B are the number of inequality constraints and equality constraints, respectively.
(3) And updating the global optimal position and the individual optimal position of the population according to the fitness.
In the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of the optimal individual in the current iteration of the population.
Specifically, fromUpdating the global optimal position in the current populationUpdating the optimal position of the individual in the current population; wherein gBest (k) is the global optimal position of the kth iteration of the population, and gBest (k) { gBest }d(k),d=1,2...,D},gBestd(k) The global optimum position of the kth iteration of the population in the d dimension, the global optimum position of the kth-1 iteration of the gBest (k-1) population, the optimal position of the ith individual in the D dimension for the kth iteration, D is the maximum dimension of the ith individual, pBesti(k) For the individual optimal position, pBest, of the ith individual of the kth iteration of the populationi(k-1) is the individual optimal position of the ith individual in the k-1 iteration of the population.
(4)
Rij(k)=||xi(k)-xj(k)||
wherein,andthe ith individuals of the kth generation population and the (k + 1) th generation population are respectively positioned in the d-dimension,the position of the ith individual in the jth dimension of the kth generation population; position of ith individual in kth iteration of populationPosition of ith individual in population k +1 iteration Andthe speed of the ith individual in the d-dimension for the kth iteration and the (k + 1) th iteration respectively,acceleration in d-dimension, rand, for the ith individual of the kth iterationjAnd randiIs [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed among them; kbest is the first K individuals with better fitness;is as followsThe worst fitness of all individuals in the iterative population for k times;the optimal fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population is obtained;the force of the ith individual on the jth individual in the d-dimension; mpi(k) Is the passive mass of the ith individual, Maj(k) Is the active mass of the jth individual, Rij(k) Is the Euclidean distance, G, of the ith and jth individuals0Is the initial value of the universal gravitation constant, G (k) is the value of the universal gravitation constant for the kth iteration, alpha is the attenuation coefficient, and epsilon is a very small constant value.
(5) And (3) improving the population convergence rate by using a local search strategy, wherein the expression is as follows:
c2=1-c1
in the formula: r is3And r4Is [0,1 ]]Random numbers are evenly distributed in intervals.The local search position in the d-dimension for the ith individual for the kth iteration. DeltadIs the median value of the d-th dimension in the search space.An opponent factor in the d dimension for the ith individual; c. C1And c2Is a learning factor;the dimension d is the upper limit value of the search space;x dis the d-dimension lower limit value of the search space;is a preset maximum number of iterations.
(5) Using a self-adaptive variation strategy to improve the diversity of the population, and sequencing the positions of individuals in the current population according to the fitness value, namely a (a)<m) individuals directly enter the population for the next iteration, and the rest m-a individuals adopt the self-adaptive variation operation to generate the variation individuals and the former a (a) individuals<m) individuals are used as the population of the next iteration; the self-adaptive variation mode is as follows: the variation position of the ith individual in the d dimension for the k iteration, alpha is an individual subscript randomly selected from the population,representing the position of the d-dimension of the alpha individual for the k-th iteration; phi is [ -0.5,0.5 [ ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed in intervals; elite is the set of the first three optimal individual positions obtained from the current population,an individual position in the d-dimension for the β -th individual for the kth iteration, β being an individual subscript randomly selected from Elite;
(6) returning individuals beyond the boundary to be within the boundary range; the corresponding formula is:
in the formula: r is1Is [0,1 ]]Random numbers are evenly distributed in intervals. If the modified individuals remain outside the boundary, then the search space of the excess dimensions is generated randomly.
(7) Let k be k + 1. If it isAnd (3) returning to the step (2), otherwise, stopping calculation, and taking the individual output corresponding to the global optimal position as an optimal scheme for cooperative scheduling of the cascade reservoir group and the photovoltaic power station system.Is a preset maximum number of iterations.
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention takes five power stations of flood home crossing, east wind, gufengying, wujiang crossing and paper beach construction and five photovoltaic power stations on the Wujiang river main stream as implementation objects, and the corresponding parameters are set as follows: the population size is 30%,Each constraint damage penalty coefficient is set to 1e 3. To verify the utility of the present invention, the present invention was compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Sine and Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Gravity Search Algorithm (GSA).
Three optical energy inputs of four power grid load requirements are selected as implementation working conditions, table 1 shows statistical results of random operation for 10 times under six cases, and statistical results of maximum values, average values, worst values, standard deviations and range deviations are listed.
As can be seen from Table 1, the performance of the process of the invention is superior to the other processes for all the values listed. For example, the process of the present invention can be improved by about 99.5% and 99.3% over the target range, respectively, as compared to DE and PSO. Thus, the method of the present invention allows a good trade-off between development of the population and the exploratory power.
TABLE 1
Fig. 2(a) to 2(f) show the optimal solution distribution diagrams of the method of the invention and five other methods for six different cases, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the method of the invention has a smaller proportional distribution for the best solution so far and achieves the best performance among five statistical measures (maximum, mean, second or third quartile, median and minimum). Thus, in this case, the robustness of the inventive method is fully demonstrated.
Fig. 3(a) to 3(c) show the scheduling process diagrams of the cascaded power station and the photovoltaic power station of the method of the invention under three cases. It can be seen from the figure that the method of the present invention can obtain a relatively smooth residual load distribution curve. Thus, the solution presented by the method of the invention is illustrated as being superior to existing solutions.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a large-scale complementary scheduling system for water and light energy, including:
the initial population generation module is used for determining constraint conditions among power stations, wherein the power stations comprise hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations, the ex-warehouse flow of each hydropower station at different moments is used as a decision variable and is coded, then an initial population is randomly generated in a search space according to the decision variable and is used as a current population, and any individual in the population represents a water-light energy complementary scheduling scheme;
the position updating module is used for acquiring the fitness of all individuals in the current population, updating the optimal positions of the individuals and the global optimal position in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population; in the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of an optimal individual in the current iteration of the population;
the local search module is used for carrying out local search on the population by adopting a local search strategy based on the population obtained after updating all individual positions of the population so as to improve the convergence speed of the population;
the self-adaptive variation module is used for screening the population by adopting a self-adaptive variation strategy so as to improve the diversity of the population;
the next generation population generation module is used for returning individuals exceeding the boundary to the boundary range to form a next generation population based on the population obtained after the variation by adopting the variation strategy;
the scheduling scheme determining module is used for judging whether the algebra of the current population reaches the preset maximum iteration times, if not, taking the next generation population as the current population, and repeatedly executing the operation from the position updating module to the next generation population generating module; and if so, stopping calculation, and outputting the optimal individual corresponding to the global optimal position as an optimal scheme of the water-light energy complementary scheduling.
The specific implementation of each module may refer to the description in the method embodiment, and the embodiment of the present invention will not be repeated.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining constraint conditions among power stations, wherein the power stations comprise hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations, the ex-warehouse flow of each hydropower station at different moments is used as a decision variable and is coded, then an initial population is randomly generated in a search space according to the decision variable, the initial population is used as a current population, and any individual in the population represents a water-light energy complementary scheduling scheme;
(2) acquiring the fitness of all individuals in the current population, updating the optimal positions of the individuals and the global optimal position in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population;
in the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of an optimal individual in the current iteration of the population;
(3) based on the population obtained after updating the positions of all individuals of the population, local search is carried out on the population by adopting a local search strategy so as to improve the convergence speed of the population;
(4) screening populations by adopting a self-adaptive variation strategy to improve the diversity of the populations;
(5) returning individuals exceeding the boundary to the boundary range to form a next generation population based on the population obtained after mutation by adopting a mutation strategy;
(6) judging whether the algebra of the current population reaches a preset maximum iteration number, if not, taking the next generation population as the current population, returning to the step (2), if so, stopping calculation, and outputting the optimal individual corresponding to the global optimal position as an optimal scheme of water-light energy complementary scheduling;
for any individual X in the kth generation populationi(k) Can be expressed asWherein N represents the number of power stations; t represents the number of periods; is Xi(k) The flow out of the nth hydropower station in the t period,for the lower limit of the generating flow of the nth hydropower station in the t-th time period, rand (0,1) is [0,1 ]]Random numbers with uniformly distributed intervals, k represents the number of iterations, Xi(k) Having N x T dimensions;
ith individual X of the k generationi(k) Fitness F [ X ] ofi(k)]Comprises the following steps:
where ρ issThe occurrence probability of the s photovoltaic power station is shown; s is the total number of probabilities,Ltload demand for the power system at the tth time period; ps,m,tIs at a probability ρsThe output of the next mth photovoltaic power station in the t period; pn,tThe output of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained; m is the total number of photovoltaic power plants; n is the total number of hydropower stations; t is the total number of time periods; ga[Xi(k)]And caA constraint violation value and a penalty coefficient which are respectively an a-th inequality constraint; e.g. of the typeb[Xi(k)]And cbConstraint violation values and penalty coefficients for the b-th equation, respectively; a and B are the number of inequality constraints and equality constraints respectively;
byUpdating the global optimal position in the current populationUpdating the optimal position of the individual in the current population; wherein gBest (k) is the global optimal position of the kth iteration of the population, and gBest (k) { gBest }d(k),d=1,2...,D},gBestd(k) The global optimum position of the kth iteration of the population in the d dimension, the global optimum position of the kth-1 iteration of the gBest (k-1) population, the optimal position of the ith individual in the D dimension for the kth iteration, D is the maximum dimension of the ith individual, pBesti(k) For the individual optimal position, pBest, of the ith individual of the kth iteration of the populationi(k-1) the optimal position of the individual of the ith individual in the kth-1 iteration of the population;
Rij(k)=||xi(k)-xj(k)||
wherein,andthe ith individuals of the kth generation population and the (k + 1) th generation population are respectively positioned in the d-dimension,the position of the ith individual in the jth dimension of the kth generation population; position of ith individual in kth iteration of populationPosition of ith individual in population k +1 iteration Andthe speed of the ith individual in the d-dimension for the kth iteration and the (k + 1) th iteration respectively,acceleration in d-dimension, rand, for the ith individual of the kth iterationjAnd randiIs [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed among them; kbest is the first K individuals with better fitness;the worst fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population;for the kth iteration populationThe optimal fitness of all individuals in the population;the force of the ith individual on the jth individual in the d-dimension; mpi(k) Is the passive mass of the ith individual, Maj(k) Is the active mass of the jth individual, Rij(k) Is the Euclidean distance, G, of the ith and jth individuals0Is the initial value of the universal gravitation constant, G (k) is the value of the universal gravitation constant of the kth iteration, alpha is the attenuation coefficient, and epsilon is a constant value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the population is searched locally using the formula:
c2=1-c1
in the formula,local search position of ith individual in d dimension for k iteration; r is3And r4Is [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed in intervals; deltadIs the median value of the d-th dimension in the search space;an opponent factor in the d dimension for the ith individual of the kth iteration; c. C1And c2Is a learning factor;the dimension d is the upper limit value of the search space;x dis the d-dimension lower limit value of the search space;is a preset maximum number of iterations.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein step (4) comprises:
the positions of individuals in the current population are sorted according to fitness value, wherein the first a (a) is<m) individuals directly enter the population for the next iteration, and the rest m-a individuals adopt the self-adaptive variation operation to generate the variation individuals and the former a (a) individuals<m) individuals are used as the population of the next iteration; the self-adaptive variation mode is as follows: the variation position of the ith individual in the d dimension for the k iteration, alpha is an individual subscript randomly selected from the population,representing the position of the d-dimension of the alpha individual for the k-th iteration; phi is [ -0.5,0.5 [ ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed in intervals; elite is the set of the first three optimal individual positions obtained from the current population,for the individual position in the d-dimension of the β -th individual for the kth iteration, β is a randomly selected individual subscript in the Elite.
5. A large-scale water-light energy complementary scheduling system is characterized by comprising:
the initial population generation module is used for determining constraint conditions among power stations, wherein the power stations comprise hydropower stations and photovoltaic power stations, the ex-warehouse flow of each hydropower station at different moments is used as a decision variable and is coded, then an initial population is randomly generated in a search space according to the decision variable and is used as a current population, and any individual in the population represents a water-light energy complementary scheduling scheme;
the position updating module is used for acquiring the fitness of all individuals in the current population, updating the optimal positions of the individuals and the global optimal position in the current population according to the fitness value of each individual, and then updating the positions of all the individuals in the population; in the first iteration of the population, the optimal position of the individual refers to the position of the individual in the first iteration of the population, and in the second iteration and the previous iterations, the optimal position of the individual refers to the better position of the individual in the current iteration of the population and the position of the individual in the previous iteration; the global optimal position refers to the position of an optimal individual in the current iteration of the population;
the local search module is used for carrying out local search on the population by adopting a local search strategy based on the population obtained after updating all individual positions of the population so as to improve the convergence speed of the population;
the self-adaptive variation module is used for screening the population by adopting a self-adaptive variation strategy so as to improve the diversity of the population;
the next generation population generation module is used for returning individuals exceeding the boundary to the boundary range to form a next generation population based on the population obtained after the variation by adopting the variation strategy;
the scheduling scheme determining module is used for judging whether the algebra of the current population reaches the preset maximum iteration times, if not, taking the next generation population as the current population, and repeatedly executing the operation from the position updating module to the next generation population generating module; if so, stopping calculation, and outputting the optimal individual corresponding to the global optimal position as an optimal scheme of the water-light energy complementary scheduling;
for any individual X in the kth generation populationi(k) Can be expressed asWherein N represents the number of power stations; t represents the number of periods; is Xi(k) The flow out of the nth hydropower station in the t period,for the lower limit of the generated flow of the nth hydropower station in the t-th period,for the upper limit of the generating flow of the nth hydropower station in the t-th time period, rand (0,1) is [0,1 ]]Random numbers with uniformly distributed intervals, k represents the number of iterations, Xi(k) Having N x T dimensions
Ith individual X of the k generationi(k) Fitness F [ X ] ofi(k)]Comprises the following steps:
where ρ issThe occurrence probability of the s photovoltaic power station is shown; s is the total number of probabilities,Ltload demand for the power system at the tth time period; ps,m,tIs at a probability ρsThe output of the next mth photovoltaic power station in the t period; pn,tThe output of the nth hydropower station in the t period is obtained; m is the total number of photovoltaic power plants; n is the total number of hydropower stations; t is the total number of time periods; ga[Xi(k)]And caA constraint violation value and a penalty coefficient which are respectively an a-th inequality constraint; e.g. of the typeb[Xi(k)]And cbConstraint violation values and penalty coefficients for the b-th equation, respectively; a and B are the number of inequality constraints and equality constraints respectively;
byUpdating the global optimal position in the current populationUpdating the optimal position of the individual in the current population; wherein gBest (k) is the global optimal position of the kth iteration of the population, and gBest (k) { gBest }d(k),d=1,2...,D},gBestd(k) The global optimum position of the kth iteration of the population in the d dimension, the global optimum position of the kth-1 iteration of the gBest (k-1) population, the optimal position of the ith individual in the D dimension for the kth iteration, D is the maximum dimension of the ith individual, pBesti(k) For the individual optimal position, pBest, of the ith individual of the kth iteration of the populationi(k-1) isThe optimal position of the individual of the ith individual in the kth-1 iteration of the population;
Rij(k)=||xi(k)-xj(k)||
wherein,andthe ith individuals of the kth generation population and the (k + 1) th generation population are respectively positioned in the d-dimension,the position of the ith individual in the jth dimension of the kth generation population; position of ith individual in kth iteration of populationPosition of ith individual in population k +1 iteration Andthe speed of the ith individual in the d-dimension for the kth iteration and the (k + 1) th iteration respectively,acceleration in d-dimension, rand, for the ith individual of the kth iterationjAnd randiIs [0,1 ]]Random numbers uniformly distributed among them; kbest is the first K individuals with better fitness;the worst fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population;the optimal fitness of all individuals in the kth iteration population is obtained;the force of the ith individual on the jth individual in the d-dimension; mpi(k) Is the passive mass of the ith individual, Maj(k) Is the active mass of the jth individual, Rij(k) Is the Euclidean distance, G, of the ith and jth individuals0Is the initial value of the universal gravitation constant, G (k) is the value of the universal gravitation constant of the kth iteration, alpha is the attenuation coefficient, and epsilon is a constant value.
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