CN111460637B - Urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation method based on numerical method - Google Patents
Urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation method based on numerical method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of urban ventilation potential evaluation, and discloses a quantitative urban ventilation potential evaluation method based on a numerical method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban ventilation potential assessment, in particular to a quantitative urban ventilation potential assessment method based on a numerical method.
Background
In recent years, along with increasing attention of residents to urban winter haze weather, the concept of urban ventilation galleries gradually enters the field of view of people, and analysis on the urban ventilation galleries can be carried out from qualitative and quantitative approaches at the present stage, wherein qualitative analysis is mainly based on remote sensing data, urban circulation characteristics are analyzed according to different underlying surface types and distribution conditions thereof and satellite temperature inversion results, so that the ventilation galleries are divided, and the influence of urban layout on urban ventilation is analyzed from a macroscopic angle; the main quantitative analysis method at present is based on computational fluid mechanics, the influence of the type of the underlying surface and the buildings on urban ventilation is developed on a small scale, the method needs to carry out 3D modeling on the city, and the attenuation coefficient and the thermal characteristics of different building types on wind speed are clear, and the wind speed and the wind direction of the city are input as background information in the method.
The existing two methods have obvious limitations, macroscopic analysis based on the type characteristics of the underlying surface has obvious subjectivity, the reliability of the result highly depends on the experience of analysts, and the ventilation characteristic difference among different urban areas is difficult to quantitatively reflect; the quantitative analysis method based on computational fluid dynamics is usually aimed at urban subareas, and can reflect the influence of buildings on ventilation on urban microscopic scale, but due to complex calculation, the technology is difficult to apply to large urban built-up areas, in addition, because meteorological elements such as wind speed, wind direction and the like are used as boundary conditions to be input in the computational fluid dynamics simulation process, the boundary conditions selected by one simulation usually have uniqueness, so that the calculation result has no statistical significance, a large amount of calculation resources are consumed in calculation, and the ventilation characteristics of the cities under a long time scale are difficult to reflect.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a quantitative urban ventilation potential assessment method based on a numerical method, which is characterized in that a rectangular assessment area covering a range to be assessed is established, a high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation is carried out on the assessment area based on a WRF model, a meteorological condition simulation result is obtained, high-resolution meteorological data obtained by the WRF model simulation is used as driving data, a Hysplit model is input to obtain a multi-point airflow source track of a grid urban sensitive area, and the acquired multi-point airflow source track data is integrated and comprehensively analyzed by combining meteorological and environmental observation data, so that quantitative ventilation potential assessment of the urban sensitive area is carried out, ventilation intensities of different areas are defined, references are provided for urban construction, industrial layout and the like, and the quantitative urban ventilation potential assessment method is suitable for the field of environmental planning.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the quantitative urban ventilation potential assessment method based on the numerical method comprises the following steps of:
s1, taking an area to be evaluated as an evaluation area center, and establishing a rectangular evaluation area covering the longitude and latitude range of the area to be evaluated;
s2, carrying out high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation on the rectangular evaluation area based on the WRF model to obtain a meteorological condition simulation result;
s3, checking the meteorological condition simulation result by combining meteorological observation data, and judging the usability of the meteorological condition simulation result;
s4, converting a meteorological condition simulation result which is simulated by the WRF model and meets the available conditions into a data format required by the Hysplit model;
s5, dividing the urban sensitive area according to the evaluation range, and establishing an equidistant grid, wherein the central point of the grid is the end point of the track simulation;
s6, performing Hysplit backward track simulation by taking the central points of grids in the grid urban sensitive area as end points to obtain an airflow conveying path data set corresponding to the urban sensitive area;
s7, creating longitude and latitude grids with equal longitude and latitude ranges of the area to be evaluated to obtain a ventilation potential evaluation grid;
s8, dividing an airflow conveying path data set into grid point subsets by taking grid points of the ventilation potential evaluation grid as units, wherein each grid point is provided with information such as the number of airflow passing times, the airflow passing height and the like in the position of the grid point;
s9, analyzing urban meteorological and environmental monitoring data, establishing a relation between wind speed and wind direction and particulate matter concentration, and determining a wind speed and wind direction correction factor;
s10, extracting meteorological condition simulation results corresponding to the ventilation potential evaluation grids in the WRF simulation results, and correcting the airflow conveying path data set by using the wind speed and direction correction factors to obtain a final urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation result.
Further, the availability determination method of the meteorological condition simulation result in step S3 is as follows: according to longitude and latitude information of a meteorological observation point, extracting a time sequence simulation result of 10m wind speed, 10m wind direction, relative humidity, 2m temperature and air pressure of a grid corresponding to a meteorological condition simulation result, comparing the time sequence simulation result with observation data, calculating four statistical indexes of a correlation coefficient (R), a relative deviation (NMB), a relative error (NMGE) and a proportion (FAC 2) of a simulation value between 0.5 and 2 times of the observation value, and establishing a scoring numerical value S of a scoring system, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S＝R+(1-NMB)+(1-NMGE)+FAC2
therefore, under ideal conditions, namely when the simulation value is consistent with the observed value, the grading value S is 4, and the grading value S of the meteorological condition simulation result meeting the available conditions is defined to be more than or equal to 3 by the assessment method.
Further, in step S5, the resolution of the medium-distance network is not lower than 5km, and the higher the resolution is, the larger the calculation amount is required, and the evaluation result is more representative.
Further, the hyplit backward trajectory simulation in step S6 takes 48 hours to 120 hours.
Further, in step S9, the calculation method of the wind speed and wind direction correction factor includes: taking city observation point position data, and carrying out sectional statistics on particulate matter concentration values corresponding to different wind speeds and wind directions to obtain concentration average values in different wind speeds and different wind directions, wherein the wind speed (F si ) Wind direction (F) di ) The correction factor calculation formula is as follows:
c in the formula si And C di The average concentration in a certain wind speed interval and a certain wind direction respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. establishing a rectangular evaluation area covering a range to be evaluated, carrying out high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation on the evaluation area based on a WRF model to obtain a meteorological condition simulation result, taking high-resolution meteorological data obtained by the WRF model simulation as driving data, inputting a Hysplit model to obtain a multi-point airflow source track of a grid city sensitive area, integrating and comprehensively analyzing the obtained multi-point airflow source track data by combining with meteorological and environmental observation data, thus carrying out quantitative evaluation on the ventilation potential of the city sensitive area, determining the ventilation intensity of different areas, providing references for city construction, industrial layout and the like, and being suitable for the field of environmental planning;
2. urban ventilation potential assessment results under different time scales such as week, month and year can be realized;
3. the research range is flexible, and simulation evaluation can be carried out within the range from a few kilometers to hundreds of kilometers according to the requirement;
4. sensitive transport areas may be partitioned to provide layout references for industrial areas and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the quantitative evaluation method of urban ventilation potential based on the numerical method in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equidistant grid of urban sensitive areas established in step S5 of embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the airflow transmission path data set obtained in step S6 in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the aeration potential evaluation grid obtained in step S7 of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the statistics of the number of times of passing the air stream in step S8 of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the quantitative evaluation method of urban ventilation potential based on the numerical method in example 2.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the quantitative evaluation method of urban ventilation potential based on the numerical method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking an area to be evaluated as an evaluation area center, and establishing a rectangular evaluation area covering the longitude and latitude range of the area to be evaluated;
s2, carrying out high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation on the rectangular evaluation area based on the WRF model to obtain a meteorological condition simulation result;
s3, checking the meteorological condition simulation result by combining meteorological observation data, and judging the usability of the meteorological condition simulation result;
s4, converting a meteorological condition simulation result which is simulated by the WRF model and meets the available conditions into a data format required by the Hysplit model;
the Hysplit model provides a arw arl program which can realize the data format required by converting the simulation result of the WRF model into the Hysplit model, and belongs to the general technology.
S5, dividing the urban sensitive area according to the evaluation range, and establishing an equidistant grid, wherein the central point of the grid is the end point of the track simulation;
s6, performing Hysplit backward track simulation by taking the central points of grids in the grid urban sensitive area as end points to obtain an airflow conveying path data set corresponding to the urban sensitive area;
s7, establishing longitude and latitude grids of the same longitude and latitude range of the region to be evaluated to obtain a ventilation potential evaluation grid, wherein the resolution of the ventilation potential evaluation grid is not lower than the simulation result of the meteorological conditions, and the spatial range is not higher than the simulation result of the meteorological conditions;
s8, dividing an airflow conveying path data set into grid point subsets by taking grid points of the ventilation potential evaluation grid as units, wherein each grid point is provided with information such as the number of airflow passing times, the airflow passing height and the like in the position of the grid point;
s9, analyzing urban meteorological and environmental monitoring data, establishing a relation between wind speed and wind direction and particulate matter concentration, and determining a wind speed and wind direction correction factor; the calculation method of the wind speed and direction correction factor in the embodiment is as follows: taking city observation point position data, and carrying out sectional statistics on particulate matter concentration values corresponding to different wind speeds and wind directions to obtain concentration average values in different wind speeds and different wind directions, wherein the wind speed (F si ) Wind direction (F) di ) The correction factor calculation formula is as follows:
c in the formula si And C di The average concentration in a certain wind speed interval and a certain wind direction respectively.
S10, extracting meteorological condition simulation results corresponding to the ventilation potential evaluation grids in the WRF simulation results, and correcting the airflow conveying path data set by using the wind speed and direction correction factors to obtain a final urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation result.
In the embodiment, a rectangular evaluation area covering an area to be evaluated is established, high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation is conducted on the evaluation area based on a WRF model, a meteorological condition simulation result is obtained, high-resolution meteorological data obtained through the WRF model simulation is used as driving data, a Hysplit model is input to obtain an airflow source track of a city sensitive area, and comprehensive analysis is conducted on the obtained track data by combining with meteorological and environment observation data, so that quantitative evaluation of ventilation potential of the city sensitive area is conducted, ventilation intensities of different areas are clarified, reference is provided for city construction, industrial layout and the like, and the method is applicable to the field of environment planning.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2-6, the quantitative evaluation method of urban ventilation potential based on the numerical method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking an area to be evaluated as an evaluation area center, and establishing a rectangular evaluation area covering the longitude and latitude range of the area to be evaluated; the size of the rectangular evaluation area can be determined according to the actual evaluation work requirement, in the embodiment, the length of the rectangular evaluation area is more than or equal to 100km, and the orientation of the rectangular evaluation area is consistent with the longitude and latitude direction;
s2, carrying out high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation on the rectangular evaluation area based on the WRF model to obtain a meteorological condition simulation result;
s3, checking the meteorological condition simulation result by combining meteorological observation data, and judging the usability of the meteorological condition simulation result;
according to the longitude and latitude information of the meteorological observation point, the time sequence simulation results of the meteorological condition simulation results corresponding to the 10m wind speed, the 10m wind direction, the relative humidity, the 2m temperature and the air pressure of the grid are extracted, compared with the observation data, four statistical indexes of a correlation coefficient (R), a relative deviation (NMB), a relative error (NMGE) and a proportion (FAC 2) of the simulation value between 0.5 and 2 times of the observation value are calculated, and a calculation formula of a scoring numerical value S of a scoring system is established, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S＝R+(1-NMB)+(1-NMGE)+FAC2
therefore, under ideal conditions, namely when the simulation value is consistent with the observed value, the grading value S is 4, and the grading value S of the meteorological condition simulation result meeting the available conditions is defined to be more than or equal to 3 by the assessment method.
S4, converting a meteorological condition simulation result which is simulated by the WRF model and meets the available conditions into a data format required by the Hysplit model;
the Hysplit model provides a arw arl program which can realize the data format required by converting the simulation result of the WRF model into the Hysplit model, and belongs to the general technology. In addition, the invention develops a calling program, and format conversion work is automatically completed after the WRF simulation is completed.
S5, dividing the urban sensitive area according to the evaluation range, and establishing an equidistant grid, wherein the central point of the grid is the end point of the track simulation;
in this embodiment, the resolution of the medium-distance grid is not lower than 5Km, the higher the resolution is, the larger the calculation amount is needed, the more representative the evaluation result is, and the specific method for dividing the gridding urban sensitive area is as follows: drawing a city sensitive area boundary (shown in figure 2) by using a GIS tool or Google Earth, acquiring longitude and latitude information of each breakpoint of the boundary, generating grids in an equal longitude and latitude mode, judging whether the grids are effective grids according to the longitude and latitude of each center point of the grids and the inclusion relation of the boundary, and only reserving the grids in the boundary; the grid is an approximation of the sensitive area, namely the grid city sensitive area.
S6, performing Hysplit backward track simulation by taking the central points of grids in the grid urban sensitive area as end points to obtain an airflow conveying path data set corresponding to the urban sensitive area as shown in figure 3; the simulation duration of the Hysplit backward track in the embodiment can be 48 to 120 hours, and the specific simulation duration value is determined according to the regional average wind speed;
s7, establishing equal longitude and latitude grids in the longitude and latitude range of the area to be evaluated to obtain a ventilation potential evaluation grid, wherein the resolution of the ventilation potential evaluation grid is not lower than the simulation result of the meteorological conditions, and the spatial range is not higher than the simulation result of the meteorological conditions as shown in fig. 4;
s8, dividing the airflow conveying path data set into grid point subsets by taking grid points of the ventilation potential evaluation grid as units, wherein each grid point is provided with information such as the number of airflow passing times, the airflow passing height and the like in the position of the grid point as shown in FIG. 5;
s9, analyzing urban meteorological and environmental monitoring data, establishing a relation between wind speed and wind direction and particulate matter concentration, and determining a wind speed and wind direction correction factor; the calculation method of the wind speed and direction correction factor in the embodiment is as follows: taking city observation point position data, and carrying out sectional statistics on particulate matter concentration values corresponding to different wind speeds and wind directions to obtain concentration average values in different wind speeds and different wind directions, wherein the wind speed (F si ) Wind direction (F) di ) The correction factor calculation formula is as follows:
c in the formula si And C di The average concentration in a certain wind speed interval and a certain wind direction respectively.
S10, extracting meteorological condition simulation results corresponding to the ventilation potential evaluation grids in the WRF simulation results, and correcting the airflow conveying path data set by using the wind speed and direction correction factors to obtain a final urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation result.
Because the method used in the invention is higher in resolution and numerous in grid points in the grid city sensitive area in practical application, the traditional Hysplit simulation method is difficult to efficiently simulate the backward track of numerous points, so that the system developed in the invention supports parallel calculation, can simultaneously calculate the backward track simulation of a plurality of points, and can take the simulation result output by the WRF model as input data, and is shown in figure 6 in combination with a specific implementation flow.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The foregoing embodiments and the specific parameters of the embodiments are only for clarity of description of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, and all equivalent structural changes made in the description and drawings of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The quantitative urban ventilation potential assessment method based on the numerical method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, taking an area to be evaluated as an evaluation area center, and establishing a rectangular evaluation area covering the longitude and latitude range of the area to be evaluated;
s2, carrying out high-resolution atmospheric flow simulation on the rectangular evaluation area based on the WRF model to obtain a meteorological condition simulation result;
s3, checking the meteorological condition simulation result by combining meteorological observation data, and judging the usability of the meteorological condition simulation result; the usability judgment method of the meteorological condition simulation result comprises the following steps: according to longitude and latitude information of a meteorological observation point, extracting a time sequence simulation result of 10m wind speed, 10m wind direction, relative humidity, 2m temperature and air pressure of a grid corresponding to a meteorological condition simulation result, comparing the time sequence simulation result with observation data, calculating four statistical indexes of a correlation coefficient R, a relative deviation NMB, a relative error NMGE and a ratio FAC2 of a simulation value between 0.5 and 2 times of the observation value, and establishing a calculation formula of a scoring numerical value S of a scoring system, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S＝R+(1-NMB)+(1-NMGE)+FAC2
therefore, under ideal conditions, namely when the simulation value is consistent with the observed value, the grading value S is 4, and the grading value S of the meteorological condition simulation result meeting the available conditions is defined to be more than or equal to 3 by the assessment method;
s4, converting a meteorological condition simulation result which is simulated by the WRF model and meets the available conditions into a data format required by the Hysplit model;
s5, dividing the urban sensitive area according to the evaluation range, and establishing an equidistant grid, wherein the central point of the grid is the end point of the track simulation;
s6, performing Hysplit backward track simulation by taking the central points of grids in the grid urban sensitive area as end points to obtain an airflow conveying path data set corresponding to the urban sensitive area; the simulation time of the Hysplit backward track is 48 to 120 hours;
s7, creating longitude and latitude grids with equal longitude and latitude ranges of the area to be evaluated to obtain a ventilation potential evaluation grid;
s8, dividing an airflow conveying path data set into grid point subsets by taking grid points of the ventilation potential evaluation grid as units, and counting airflow passing times and airflow passing height information in each single ventilation potential evaluation grid point;
s9, analyzing urban meteorological and environmental monitoring data, establishing a relation between wind speed and wind direction and particulate matter concentration, and determining a wind speed and wind direction correction factor; the calculation method of the wind speed and direction correction factor comprises the following steps: taking city observation point position data, and carrying out sectional statistics on particulate matter concentration values corresponding to different wind speeds and wind directions to obtain concentration average values in different wind speed intervals and different wind directions, wherein wind speed F is the wind speed F si Wind direction F di The correction factor calculation formula is as follows:
c in the formula si And C di The average concentration of the wind in a certain wind speed interval and a certain wind direction respectively;
s10, extracting meteorological condition simulation results corresponding to the ventilation potential evaluation grids in the WRF simulation results, and correcting the airflow conveying path data set by using the wind speed and direction correction factors to obtain a final urban ventilation potential quantitative evaluation result.
2. The quantitative urban ventilation potential evaluation method based on the numerical method according to claim 1, wherein the resolution of the medium-distance network in step S5 is not lower than 5km, the higher the resolution is, the larger the calculation amount is required, and the evaluation result is more representative.
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