CN111458485A - Three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111458485A CN111458485A CN202010477244.4A CN202010477244A CN111458485A CN 111458485 A CN111458485 A CN 111458485A CN 202010477244 A CN202010477244 A CN 202010477244A CN 111458485 A CN111458485 A CN 111458485A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009537 plain noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism and a measuring method thereof, and the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism comprises: a pressure chamber cylinder having an internal cavity; the expansion force measuring chamber is positioned in the inner cavity of the pressure chamber cylinder, a cavity with a square cross section is formed in the expansion force measuring chamber through the two first smooth rigid baffles and the two second smooth rigid baffles, and the cavity is used for placing a soil sample to be measured; the water inlet channel is arranged on the top closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder in a penetrating way, and the outlet of the water inlet channel faces to the space for placing the soil sample to be detected, so that an external water source is introduced into the soil sample to be detected, and the soil sample is enabled to absorb water and expand to generate expansion force; and the at least four pressure boxes are respectively embedded in the inner walls of the two first smooth rigid baffles and the two second smooth rigid baffles and are used for detecting the expansive force of the soil sample to be detected at the position where the pressure boxes are located. The problem of current traditional expansibility measurement's expansibility not accurate enough is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering test equipment, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism and a measuring method thereof.
Background
At present, the expansion force testing method is different, and the expansion force testing method is not limited to consolidation apparatus, expansion apparatus and other testing apparatuses, and has the function of measuring the expansion force by modifying conventional three-axis apparatus and other conventional testing apparatuses. The true triaxial tester can reflect the advantages of three-dimensional stress state of the main unit of the soil body and the like, and is an advanced test instrument for testing the mechanical property of the soil body which is generally recognized and applied to actual geotechnical engineering at present. Therefore, the three-phase independent loading characteristic of the true triaxial tester is utilized, and the three-dimensional expansive force of the expansive soil after the expansive soil is expanded when encountering water can be measured more accurately based on the transformation of the existing pressure chamber.
Since Kiellman successfully designs true triaxial in 1936, researchers at home and abroad are dedicated to developing and improving true triaxial testers with more perfect functions and capable of truly and reliably simulating the loading conditions of soil bodies. But the basic foothold is that the stress of the soil body unit in three directions can be controlled and measured independently. Therefore, the characteristic is utilized to measure the expansion force of the soil body in multiple directions, so that the obtained result is more accurate. The expansion force is a force generated by increasing the water content and keeping the volume constant, in terms of a mechanical concept. The conventional common test methods mainly comprise an expansion counter-pressure method, a pressurization expansion method and a balanced pressurization method. The expansion back pressure method is characterized in that after the sample absorbs water fully and expands freely and is stable, load is applied to restore the sample to the initial volume, and after the soil sample expands to the maximum extent in the test, the load is added step by step to compress the soil sample until the soil sample restores to the initial volume. The force measured by this method is more like the "consolidation pressure" than the "expansion pressure". The pressure expansion method has large disturbance to the soil body structure and change of dry density, and when the applied load is overlarge, the soil body is easy to generate compression deformation, so that the test value is different from the actual value. The equilibrium pressurization method is that when the sample absorbs water and begins to expand, load is gradually applied to maintain the volume unchanged, the test process basically does not cause the structural damage of the soil body, and the physical significance of the expansion force is relatively met, so that the method is widely adopted. However, since the expansion force measured by the conventional test method is the expansion force in the vertical direction of the test piece, considering the expansion force in the vertical direction of the test piece as the total expansion force of the test piece is not accurate under the condition that the radial deformation of the test piece is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism and a measuring method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the expansion force measured by the conventional expansion force is not accurate enough.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism comprising:
the pressure chamber cylinder is provided with an internal cavity, and the top and the bottom of the pressure chamber cylinder are respectively provided with a detachable sealing structure;
an expansion force measuring chamber is arranged in an inner cavity of the pressure chamber barrel, the inside of the expansion force measuring chamber forms a cavity with a square cross section through two first smooth surface rigid baffles and two second smooth surface rigid baffles, the cavity is used for placing a soil sample to be measured, and the concrete structure is as follows:
the two first smooth rigid baffles are parallel to each other, the smooth surfaces are opposite and vertically arranged on a bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder, and the spacing distance between the two first smooth rigid baffles is a fixed value;
the two second smooth rigid baffles are parallel to each other, opposite to each other, vertically arranged on the bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder, positioned between the two first smooth rigid baffles and intersected with the two first smooth rigid baffles; the first smooth rigid baffles are used for moving in opposite directions or in a separated direction between the two first smooth rigid baffles so as to be closely contacted with or far away from a soil sample to be detected;
the water inlet channel is arranged on the top closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder in a penetrating way, and the outlet of the water inlet channel faces to the space for placing the soil sample to be detected, so that an external water source is introduced into the soil sample to be detected, and the soil sample is enabled to absorb water and expand to generate expansion force;
and the at least four pressure boxes are respectively embedded in the inner walls of the two first smooth rigid baffles and the two second smooth rigid baffles and are used for detecting the expansive force of the soil sample to be detected at the position where the pressure boxes are located.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and one end of each bolt penetrates through the side wall of the pressure chamber cylinder and is connected to the outer side of the second smooth rigid baffle plate, and the bolts are rotated to realize the movement of the second smooth rigid baffle plate.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
the pressure chamber base is a detachable closed structure at the bottom of the pressure chamber cylinder body and is used for providing bottom support for the soil sample to be detected;
the pressure chamber top cover is a detachable sealing structure at the top of the pressure chamber cylinder body so as to seal the top of the pressure chamber;
the pressure chamber base, the pressure chamber top cover and the expansion force measuring chamber form a closed cubic space together.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the data collection and processing device is respectively in data connection with each pressure cell and is used for reading and recording the expansion force data acquired by each pressure cell.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the outlet end of the water injection pipe is connected to the water inlet channel, and the inlet end of the water injection pipe is connected with the scale measuring cylinder and used for introducing water into the soil sample to be measured.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the measuring method of the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism is implemented based on the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism according to the following steps:
s1, placing a cubic soil sample to be detected cut from undisturbed soil into the pressure chamber cylinder, embedding two groups of first smooth rigid baffles and two groups of second smooth rigid baffles into the pressure chamber cylinder, and manually rotating the screw to apply pressure to the second smooth rigid baffles so that the soil sample to be detected is tightly attached to the four rigid baffles;
s2, when the pressure box is externally connected with a data collecting and processing device to generate an initial reading, stopping rotating the screw rod and recording the initial reading, placing and fixing the top cover of the pressure chamber, connecting the water injection pipe to the water inlet pipe, and injecting water with a volume corresponding to the target water content into the soil sample to be tested to ensure that the sample fully absorbs water and expands;
s3, recording data generated by the data collection processing device at intervals, and recording final data until the generated readings do not change any more;
and S4, subtracting the initial reading from the final data acquired by each pressure cell to obtain the pressure change values of a plurality of groups of pressure cells, and obtaining the average value of the pressure change values of the same water content in all directions to obtain the expansion force of the soil sample to be measured at the water content.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test object adopts cube undisturbed soil, and the cube structural form ensures that the expansive force of the soil body is uniform, so that the expansive force of the soil can be reflected more truly; the soil sample to be measured is placed under the soaking condition, and the expansive force of the expansive soil sample in multiple directions can be directly and accurately measured through the four smooth rigid baffles and the pressure boxes on the four smooth rigid baffles; the space between the two smooth rigid baffles is adjustable, so that the baffles can be in closer contact with a soil sample, the soil sample is not easy to deform, and the expansive force is generated, so that the soil sample can be timely detected, and the detection is more sensitive; the measuring mechanism has the advantages that through reasonable design, the function of measuring the expansion force of the sample simply and accurately in use and operation can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism of the present invention.
The device comprises a pressure chamber base 1, a pressure chamber top cover 2, a pressure chamber top cover 3, a water inlet pipe 4, a pressure chamber barrel 5, a first smooth rigid baffle 6, a second smooth rigid baffle 7, a pressure box 8 and a screw rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism, which comprises a pressure chamber cylinder body 4, an expansion force measuring chamber arranged in the pressure chamber cylinder body, a water inlet channel 3 and at least four pressure boxes 7 arranged on a baffle mechanism, as shown in figures 1-2. The pressure chamber cylinder 4 is closed at the side wall to form an internal test space, and is provided with a detachable closed structure at the top and the bottom. This expansibility measurement chamber is located in the inside cavity of pressure chamber barrel 4, expansibility measurement chamber includes two first plain noodles rigidity baffle 5 and two second plain noodles rigidity baffle 6, and two liang of relative settings, the enclosed space that encloses into the square jointly of two first plain noodles rigidity baffle 5 and two second plain noodles rigidity baffle 6 are used for placing the soil sample that awaits measuring in this space. The two first smooth rigid baffles 5 are parallel to each other, the smooth surfaces are opposite and vertically arranged on the bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder 4, and the spacing distance between the two first smooth rigid baffles 5 is a fixed value;
the two second smooth rigid baffles 6 are parallel to each other, have opposite smooth surfaces, are vertically arranged on the bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder 4, are positioned between the two first smooth rigid baffles 5, and are intersected with the two first smooth rigid baffles 5; the first smooth rigid baffles 5 are used for moving towards or away from each other so as to be tightly contacted with or far away from a soil sample to be detected.
The water inlet channel 3 is arranged on the top closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder 4, and the opening of the water inlet channel faces the space for placing the soil sample to be detected, and is used for introducing an external water source to the soil sample to be detected and enabling the soil sample to absorb water to expand. The at least four pressure boxes 7 are respectively embedded in the central positions of the two first smooth rigid baffles 5 and the two second smooth rigid baffles 6 and used for detecting the expansive force of the soil sample to be detected at the positions of the pressure boxes.
The technical scheme of the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism of the invention can also comprise two bolts 8, wherein one end of each bolt 8 penetrates through the outer wall of the pressure chamber cylinder 4 and is connected to the outer side of the second smooth rigid baffle 6, and the bolts 8 are controlled to rotate to control the movement of the two second smooth rigid baffles 6.
The technical scheme of the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism can also comprise a pressure chamber base 1 which is a detachable closed structure at the bottom of a pressure chamber cylinder 4 and is used for providing bottom support for a soil sample to be measured; and the pressure chamber top cover 2 is a detachable sealing structure on the top of the pressure chamber cylinder 4 so as to seal the top of the pressure chamber. The pressure chamber base 1, the pressure chamber top cover 2 and the expansion force measuring chamber form a closed cubic space together, and the pressure chamber is suitable for placing the cubic soil sample. The test object adopts cube original state soil, and the structural style of cube has guaranteed that the expansibility of the soil body is even, can be more true reaction soil's expansibility.
The technical scheme of the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism can further comprise a data collecting and processing device which is respectively in data connection with each pressure box 7 and used for receiving the expansion force data collected by each pressure box 7.
The technical scheme of the three-dimensional expansive force measuring mechanism can also comprise a water injection pipe, the outlet end of the water injection pipe is connected to the water inlet channel 3, the inlet end of the water injection pipe is connected with the graduated cylinder and used for introducing water into the space for placing the soil sample to be measured and spraying the water on the soil sample to be measured so as to enable the soil sample to be sufficiently absorbed and expanded to prepare for subsequent expansive force measurement.
The invention relates to a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism, which comprises a pressure chamber base 1 made of stainless steel, a pressure chamber top cover 2 and the outer wall of a pressure chamber cylinder 4, wherein a water inlet channel 3 is arranged on the pressure chamber top cover 2, and a closable water injection pipe is connected with a graduated cylinder. Four groups of first smooth rigid baffles 5 and second smooth rigid baffles 6 made of stainless steel are symmetrically arranged in the pressure chamber, a pressure box 7 is embedded in the center of the front end faces of the first smooth rigid baffles 5 and the second smooth rigid baffles 6, the pressure box 7 is a vibrating wire type soil pressure box, and data wires are led out from the pressure box 7. And screws 8 are arranged on the outer sides of the two groups of second smooth rigid baffles 6, and the screws 8 are manually rotated to apply pressure to the second smooth rigid baffles 6 so as to enable the second smooth rigid baffles to be in close contact with the test soil sample.
① peripheral structure of pressure chamber of expansion force measuring mechanism
The peripheral structure of the pressure chamber of the expansive force measuring mechanism consists of a pressure chamber top cover 2, a pressure chamber cylinder 4 and a pressure chamber base 1, and the materials of the pressure chamber top cover, the pressure chamber cylinder and the pressure chamber base all belong to smooth stainless steel materials. The pressure chamber top cover 2 sends out water installations and includes inlet channel 3, water injection pipe and the scale graduated flask of top cap department, wherein lets in inlet channel 3 with the water injection pipe and connects the scale graduated flask. The design of the pressure chamber cylinder 4 is consistent with that of the existing true triaxial apparatus.
② internal structure of pressure chamber of expansion force measuring mechanism
The pressure generated by the soil body sample to the baffle when the soil body sample expands is measured by symmetrically arranging four groups of smooth rigid baffle mechanisms in the internal structure of the pressure chamber. The periphery of the pressure chamber cylinder body 4 is opposite to the two groups of smooth rigid baffles, which are respectively marked as a first smooth rigid baffle 5 and a second smooth rigid baffle 6, the center of the second smooth rigid baffle 6 is provided with an M25 screw hole, and an M25 bolt with the length of 90mm is installed. The four groups of smooth surface rigid baffles are ensured to be in close contact with the soil body sample, so that the expansion force generated when expansion occurs can be normally transmitted to the baffles.
③ data acquisition device of expansion force measuring mechanism
The method for measuring the expansive force comprises the steps of embedding a vibrating string type soil pressure cell 7 in the center of the front end faces of four symmetrical smooth-faced rigid baffles, measuring stress generated when a soil body expands and contacts with the four soil pressure cells through the four soil pressure cells, converting expansion deformation of a sample into a data signal, and reading a numerical value through an external degree device, so that the record of the expansive force of the sample is realized.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
when a test is started, the side length of a cubic sample is determined according to the distance between the two groups of first smooth rigid baffles 5, the cut sample is placed into a pressure chamber of a true triaxial apparatus, the two groups of first smooth rigid baffles 5 and the two groups of second smooth rigid baffles 6 are embedded into a cylinder body 4 of the pressure chamber, and the sample is tightly and completely attached to the rigid baffles by manually rotating the screw 8 to apply pressure to the second smooth rigid baffles 6.
When the external equipment of the soil pressure box 7 generates initial reading, the screw stops rotating and the initial reading is recorded, the pressure chamber top cover 2 is placed and fixed, and the water injection pipe which can be closed is respectively connected to the water inlet pipe 3 and the scale measuring cylinder. After the installation is finished, water with the water content calculated in advance and corresponding to the volume is injected into the graduated cylinder, a water injection pipe valve is opened, so that the sample is fully expanded by water absorption, data generated by external equipment of the pressure box 7 is recorded at intervals according to test requirements, and final data are recorded until the generated reading is not changed any more. And subtracting the initial reading from the final data acquired by each pressure box 7 to obtain the pressure change values of a plurality of groups of pressure boxes 7, and obtaining the average value of the pressure change values of the same water content in all directions to obtain the expansion force of the soil sample to be measured at the water content.
The test object of the three-dimensional expansive force measuring mechanism adopts cube undisturbed soil, the cube structural form ensures that the expansive force of the soil body is uniform, and the expansive force of the soil can be reflected more truly. The soil sample to be measured is placed under the soaking condition, and the expansive force of the expansive soil sample in multiple directions can be directly and accurately measured through the four smooth rigid baffles and the pressure boxes on the four smooth rigid baffles, instead of the consolidation pressure which is often detected in the prior art. Among the four baffles, there are two plain noodles rigidity baffle's interval adjustable, and the adjustable purpose is in order to make these two rigidity baffle can with two inseparable contacts in the surface of soil sample, after the contact is inseparable, the soil sample is difficult for taking place to warp, so when soil sample one produces the bulging force, the pressure cell just can be in time detect and produced the bulging force, detect more sensitively. The measuring mechanism has the advantages that through reasonable design, the function of measuring the expansion force of the sample simply and accurately in use and operation can be achieved.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism, comprising:
a pressure chamber cylinder (4) with an inner cavity, wherein the top and the bottom of the pressure chamber cylinder are respectively provided with a detachable sealing structure;
an expansion force measuring chamber is located in the inside cavity of pressure chamber barrel (4), the inside of expansion force measuring chamber forms a cavity that the cross-section is the square through two first plain noodles rigidity baffle (5) and two second plain noodles rigidity baffle (6), the cavity is used for placing the soil sample that awaits measuring, and concrete structure is:
the two first smooth rigid baffles (5) are parallel to each other, the smooth surfaces are opposite and vertically arranged on the bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder (4), and the spacing distance between the two first smooth rigid baffles (5) is a fixed value;
the two second smooth rigid baffles (6) are parallel to each other, are opposite in smooth surface, are vertically arranged on the bottom closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder (4), are positioned between the two first smooth rigid baffles (5), and are intersected with the two first smooth rigid baffles (5); the first smooth rigid baffles (5) move oppositely or separately to be closely contacted with or far away from a soil sample to be detected;
the water inlet channel (3) is arranged on the top closed structure of the pressure chamber cylinder (4) in a penetrating way, the outlet of the water inlet channel faces the space for placing the soil sample to be detected, and the water inlet channel is used for introducing an external water source to the soil sample to be detected and enabling the soil sample to absorb water and expand to generate expansion force;
and the at least four pressure boxes (7) are respectively embedded in the inner walls of the two first smooth rigid baffles (5) and the two second smooth rigid baffles (6) and are used for detecting the expansive force of the soil sample to be detected at the position where the pressure boxes are located.
2. A three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising:
and one end of each bolt (8) penetrates through the side wall of the pressure chamber cylinder (4) and is connected to the outer side of the second smooth rigid baffle (6) so as to realize the movement of the second smooth rigid baffle (6) through the rotation of the bolts (8).
3. A three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
the pressure chamber base (1) is a detachable closed structure at the bottom of the pressure chamber cylinder (4) and is used for providing bottom support for a soil sample to be detected;
the pressure chamber top cover (2) is a detachable sealing structure at the top of the pressure chamber cylinder body (4) so as to seal the top of the pressure chamber;
the pressure chamber base (1), the pressure chamber top cover (2) and the expansion force measuring chamber form a closed cubic space together.
4. A three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
and the data collection and processing device is respectively in data connection with each pressure box (7) and is used for reading and recording the expansion force data acquired by each pressure box (7).
5. A three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
and the outlet end of the water injection pipe is connected to the water inlet channel (3), and the inlet end of the water injection pipe is connected with the scale measuring cylinder and is used for introducing water into the soil sample to be measured.
6. A measuring method of a three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism, which is based on the three-dimensional expansion force measuring mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 5, and is implemented according to the following steps:
s1, placing a cubic soil sample to be detected cut from undisturbed soil into a pressure chamber cylinder (4), embedding two groups of first smooth rigid baffles (5) and two groups of second smooth rigid baffles (6) into the pressure chamber cylinder (4), and manually rotating a screw (8) to apply pressure to the second smooth rigid baffles (6) so that the soil sample to be detected is tightly attached to the four rigid baffles;
s2, when the pressure box (7) is externally connected with a data collecting and processing device to generate an initial reading, stopping rotating the screw (8) and recording the initial reading, placing and fixing the pressure chamber top cover (2), connecting the water injection pipe to the water inlet pipe (3), and injecting water with a volume corresponding to the target water content into the soil sample to be measured to ensure that the sample fully absorbs water and expands;
s3, recording data generated by the data collection processing device at intervals, and recording final data until the generated readings do not change any more;
and S4, subtracting the initial reading from the final data acquired by each pressure box (7) to obtain the pressure change values of a plurality of groups of pressure boxes (7), and obtaining the average value of the pressure change values of the same water content in all directions to obtain the expansion force of the soil sample to be measured at the water content.
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