CN111457967A - Integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
- G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile hub bearings, and particularly relates to an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing and a manufacturing method thereof. The automobile hub bearing based on the fiber grating sensing integration comprises an automobile hub bearing, a fiber grating sensing system and a fiber grating demodulator. The automobile hub bearing is a third-generation automobile hub bearing with a double-row structure, the fiber grating sensing system is installed and fixed on the hub bearing so as to monitor the temperature and the strain state of an outer ring of the automobile hub bearing, and the fiber grating demodulator is connected with the fiber grating sensing system and used for displaying test data. The fiber grating sensor integrated automobile hub bearing is manufactured by fully utilizing the one-line multipoint advantage of the fiber grating sensor based on the fiber grating sensor integrated automobile hub bearing, so that the multipoint synchronous test of temperature and strain can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile hub bearings, and particularly relates to an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The hub bearing is one of key parts of an automobile, the performance of the hub bearing is directly related to the driving safety and comfort of the automobile, and the healthy operation of the hub bearing is guaranteed to be important, so that the operating state of the hub bearing needs to be effectively monitored.
For monitoring the state of an automobile hub bearing, some people in China propose methods such as temperature (an automobile hub bearing temperature monitoring device, a monitoring terminal and a detection system, 201921627808.7) and vibration (vibration test and analysis of an automobile 3 rd generation hub bearing unit), but most of the traditional temperature monitoring or vibration monitoring is carried out independently, even if different sensors are required to be used for testing simultaneously, most of the traditional temperature monitoring or vibration monitoring are also single-point testing, such as thermocouples, vibration acceleration sensors and the like, and the multi-channel and various acquisition requirements are also put forward for acquisition instruments. In addition, there are also some experts who utilize the advantage of multipoint measurement of fiber grating sensing, and some methods for testing bearings by using fiber grating sensing are proposed, for example, for a knuckle bearing (a sensing integrated knuckle bearing and a using method thereof, 201910966657.6) or for realizing bearing testing on a bearing tester by modifying a bearing seat (a fiber grating distributed device and a method for measuring the temperature and strain of a bearing ring, 201610487542.5). In addition, the current third-generation automobile hub bearing unit is of a double-row integrated structure, and the traditional single bearing testing method or sensor arrangement and installation cannot meet the actual requirements, so that the third-generation automobile hub bearing sensing integration is necessary to be vibrated for research.
And the automobile hub bearing bears complex load in the running process, bears the radial load and bears the bending moment, and how to effectively obtain the bearing load condition in the whole period through the sensing technology of the bearing is also the key of bearing design and performance analysis. Therefore, a new sensor integrated automobile hub bearing is urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, provides the fiber grating sensing-based integrated automobile hub bearing and the manufacturing method thereof, can effectively realize multipoint synchronous testing of temperature and strain of a double-row bearing of the automobile hub bearing, and simultaneously realizes load measurement of the automobile hub bearing according to the load identification method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing integration comprises an automobile hub bearing 1, a fiber grating sensing system 2 and a fiber grating demodulator 3. The automobile hub bearing 1 is a third-generation automobile hub bearing with a double-row structure, the fiber grating sensing system 2 is installed and fixed on the hub bearing 1 to monitor the temperature and the strain state of an outer ring 11 of the automobile hub bearing, and the fiber grating demodulator 3 is connected with the fiber grating sensing system 2 and used for displaying test data.
The outer surface of an automobile hub bearing outer ring 11 of the automobile hub bearing 1 is provided with annular grooves and wire outlet grooves 113, the annular grooves are arranged into two rows, are consistent with the row number of the bearing and are respectively a first annular groove 111 and a second annular groove 112. The annular grooves are annularly arranged on the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11 and used for fixing, limiting and arranging the fiber grating sensor 21, and the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 are respectively positioned in the middle positions right above the two rows of rolling bodies; the wire outlet groove 113 is also located on the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11, is used for communicating the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, is perpendicular to the second annular groove 112, and penetrates through to the end surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11.
The fiber grating sensing system 2 comprises a fiber grating sensor 21, wherein the fiber grating sensor 21 comprises a fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211, a temperature measuring point 212, a strain measuring point 213 and glue 214. The fiber grating sensor connecting line 211 connects the plurality of temperature measuring points 212 and the strain measuring point 213.
The temperature measuring point 212 is arranged in the sleeve, and the sleeve is arranged in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 and is used for sensing the temperature of the hub bearing outer ring 11; the strain measuring point 213 is directly adhered and fixed in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, and in addition, in order to avoid the influence of the temperature on the strain measuring point 213, the temperature measuring point 212 of the fiber grating sensor 21 is used for performing correction compensation on the strain measuring point 213, and temperature compensation and decoupling are performed, so that the pressure calculation formula is as follows:
wherein λ is1Is the wavelength corresponding to strain measurement point 213 of fiber grating sensor 21; delta lambda1The wavelength variation of the strain measuring point 213 of the corresponding fiber grating sensor 21; kpThe pressure conversion coefficient of the fiber bragg grating is obtained; k2TThe temperature conversion coefficient of the fiber bragg grating is obtained; lambda [ alpha ]2Is the wavelength corresponding to temperature measurement point 213 of fiber grating sensor 21; delta lambda2The wavelength variation of the temperature measuring point 212 corresponding to the fiber grating sensor 21; p is the value of the strain gauge 213 of the fiber grating sensor 21.
The fiber grating sensor 21 adopts glue 214 to fix the fiber grating sensor connection line 211 in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, and the first annular groove 111, the second annular groove 112 and the wire outlet groove 113 are filled to fix the positions of the temperature measuring point 212 and the strain measuring point 213 of the fiber grating sensor 21.
The automobile hub bearing 1 preferably adopts a third-generation automobile hub bearing, and the fiber grating sensing system 2 is fixedly arranged on the automobile hub bearing 1 to monitor the temperature and the strain state of an outer ring of the automobile hub bearing. The temperature measurement point 212 is one or more points, and the strain measurement point 213 is preferably more than one point.
The manufacturing method of the fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: stress analysis of the automobile hub bearing 1:
and analyzing the stress of the automobile hub bearing 1 by adopting a finite element or bearing statics method.
(1) Analyzing the bearing area of the automobile hub bearing 1: under the action of the gravity of the automobile, the load distribution of the internal rolling body is analyzed, the fiber grating sensor 21 is arranged, and a temperature measuring point 212 and a strain measuring point 213 are respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112.
(2) And (3) analyzing the strain characteristics of the hub bearing ring under the conditions of bending moment load and radial load: and analyzing different strain change characteristics of the bearings on two sides of the hub bearing ring and the upper part and the lower part of the unilateral bearing under the conditions of bending moment load and radial load. Under the action of radial load, the lower parts of the two rows of bearings are uniformly loaded, the strain measuring points 213 of the bearings at two sides are consistent, the strain of the lower measuring points is large, and the change of the upper part is very small. Under the action of bending moment load, two rows of bearing measuring points present opposite characteristics under the action of bending moment, wherein the strain change of the upper part of one row is large, and the strain measuring point of the lower part of the other row is large and changes in a gradient manner.
Step two: the fiber grating sensor 21 is arranged: determining the installation position of the fiber grating sensor 21 through stress analysis of the automobile hub bearing 1 in the first step, taking an axial plane of a central axis of the bearing as a reference, taking an upper half part on the axial plane and a lower half part below the axial plane, respectively arranging the fiber grating sensor 21 on the bearings at two sides, respectively arranging the temperature measuring point 212 and the strain measuring point 213 at the upper half part and the lower half part of the bearings at two sides, respectively arranging the fiber grating sensor 21 in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 at two sides of the automobile hub bearing 1, and then connecting and leading out through a fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211.
Step three: packaging the sensing integrated bearing: the fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211 is adhered in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 by using glue 214, the position of the fiber grating sensor 21 is fixed, the first annular groove 111, the second annular groove 112 and the wire outlet groove 113 are filled by using the glue 214, and the filled first annular groove, the second annular groove and the wire outlet groove are overlapped with the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11.
Step four: the fiber grating sensor 21 is calibrated, and the calibration of the fiber grating sensor 21 includes temperature calibration and force parameter calibration:
(1) temperature calibration: placing the automobile hub bearing 1 manufactured and packaged in the third step into a variable temperature environment, applying a given temperature to the automobile hub bearing 1, testing wavelength change, and drawing a temperature and wavelength curve, wherein the slope of the temperature and wavelength curve is a conversion coefficient;
(2) force parameter static calibration: obtaining strain experimental data of the automobile hub bearing testing device at different positions of the automobile hub bearing 1, calibrating the relation between strain or wavelength and radial load or bending moment load by using a least square data fitting method for multiple groups of obtained data, arranging a strain gauge at each strain measuring point 213 on each side, arranging one strain measuring point 213 on the upper half part and the lower half part respectively, and setting strain coefficients of the strain gauges of the strain measuring points 213 on the two sides under the action of the bending moment load as follows:
similarly, the strain coefficients of the strain gauges of the strain measurement points 213 on the two sides under the action of the radial load are respectively as follows:
(3) and (3) dynamically identifying force parameters, applying radial loads or bending moment loads to the automobile hub bearing 1 respectively, and testing to obtain the wavelength changes of the strain measuring points 213 at the upper part and the lower part of the sensors at the two sides respectively.
The strains actually obtained by the strain gauge test under the action of bending moment and radial combined load are respectively2131、2132、2133、2134Then, then
2131＝M2131+r2131(1)
2132＝M2132+r2132(2)
2133＝M2133+r2133(3)
2134＝M2134+r2134(4)
FM＝Km2131 M2131＝Km2132 M2132＝Km2133 M2133＝Km2134 M2134(5)
Fr＝Kr2131 r2131＝Kr2132 r2132＝Kr2133 r2133＝Kr2134 r2134(6)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,M2131、M2132、M2133、M2134the strain value of the strain gauge under the action of bending moment load,r2131、r2132、r2133、r2134the strain value of the strain gauge under the action of radial load is obtained by solving an equation set and respectively solvingM2131、M2132、M2133、M2134、r2131R2132, r2133 and r2134, and then substituting the equations (5) and (6) to identify the bending moment and the radial load FM、Fr。
The invention has the advantages that: the fiber grating sensor-based integrated automobile hub bearing and the manufacturing method thereof have the following beneficial effects that (1) the fiber grating sensor-based integrated automobile hub bearing is manufactured by fully utilizing the advantages of one line and multiple points of a fiber grating sensor, so that the multipoint synchronous test of temperature and strain can be realized; (2) the fiber grating sensor integrated automobile hub bearing simultaneously realizes temperature and strain tests of two rows of bearings, can effectively obtain the states of the two rows of bearings, and is favorable for comparing and distinguishing the states of the two rows of bearings; (3) the packaging method and the fiber grating sensor have small volume, have small change amount and influence on the automobile hub bearing, and are beneficial to forming an integrated bearing; (4) the radial load and the bending moment of the automobile hub bearing are effectively identified and obtained by adopting a force calibration and identification method, the load in the automobile driving process can be obtained in real time, and an accurate load boundary is provided for the design of the bearing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an outer ring of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber bragg grating sensing provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3(a) is a front view of a layout of a fiber grating optical fiber sensor based on a fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3(b) is a cross-sectional view of a layout diagram of a fiber grating optical fiber sensor based on a fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) is a front view of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4(c) is a partial enlarged view of the fiber grating sensing-based integrated automobile hub bearing provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a manufacturing method of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing provided in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6(a) is a force diagram of an automobile hub bearing based on an integrated fiber grating sensing automobile hub bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6(b) is a bearing distribution diagram of a rolling element of an automobile hub bearing based on an integrated fiber grating sensing automobile hub bearing provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(a) is a strain diagram of a radial load ferrule of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber grating sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(b) is a diagram of a calibration result based on the fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing radial load provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8(a) is a strain diagram of a bending moment load ferrule of an integrated automobile hub bearing based on fiber bragg grating sensing provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8(b) is a diagram of a calibration result based on the bending moment load of the fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1, an automobile hub bearing; 2, a fiber grating sensing system; 3, adjusting the fiber bragg grating; 11, an automobile hub bearing outer ring; 21 a fiber grating sensor; 111 a first annular groove; 112 a second annular groove; 113 wire outlet grooves; 211 a fiber grating sensor connecting wire; 212 temperature measurement points; 213 strain measurement points; 214 glue.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
It is to be understood that the appended drawings are not to scale, but are merely drawn with appropriate simplifications to illustrate various features of the basic principles of the invention. Specific design features of the invention disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and configurations, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.
In the several figures of the drawings, identical or equivalent components (elements) are referenced with the same reference numerals.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the sensing-integrated automobile hub bearing in this embodiment includes an automobile hub bearing 1, a fiber grating sensing system 2, and a fiber grating demodulator 3. The automobile hub bearing 1 is a third-generation automobile hub bearing with a double-row structure, the fiber grating sensing system 2 is installed and fixed on the hub bearing 1 to monitor the temperature and the strain state of the 11 of the outer ring of the automobile hub bearing, and the fiber grating demodulator 3 is connected with the fiber grating sensing system 21 and used for displaying test data.
As shown in fig. 2, the automobile hub bearing 1 includes an automobile hub bearing outer ring 11, an inner ring, a retainer and a roller, the hub bearing is of a double-row structure, the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11 is of a flange structure, an annular groove and a wire outlet groove are arranged on the outer surface, the annular groove is two rows consistent with the row number of the bearing, and the two rows are respectively a first annular groove 111 and a second annular groove 112. The annular grooves are annularly arranged on the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11 and used for fixedly limiting and arranging the fiber grating sensor system 2, and the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 on the two sides are respectively positioned right above the two rows of rolling bodies, so that the state of the bearing and the change of external load can be effectively tested; the wire outlet groove 113 is also located on the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11, is used for communicating the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, is perpendicular to the second annular groove 112, and penetrates through the end surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11 to fix and lead out the fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211.
As shown in fig. 3(a), 3(b) and 4(a) to 4(c), the fiber grating sensing system 2 includes a fiber grating sensor 21, and the fiber grating sensor 21 includes a fiber grating sensor connection line 211, a temperature measurement point 212, a strain measurement point 213 and a glue 214. The fiber grating sensor connecting lines 211 connect a plurality of fiber grating sensing points (temperature measuring point 212 and strain measuring point 213). The temperature measuring point 212 is arranged in the sleeve, the sleeve is combined with the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, only the temperature of the outer ring of the hub bearing is sensed, the strain measuring point 213 is directly adhered and fixed with the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, in addition, in order to avoid the influence of the temperature on the strain measuring point, the temperature measuring point 212 of the fiber grating sensor 21 is used for correcting and compensating the strain measuring point 213, and the temperature compensation and decoupling are carried out, so that the pressure calculation formula is as follows:
wherein λ is1Is the wavelength corresponding to strain measurement point 213 of fiber grating sensor 21; delta lambda1The wavelength variation of the strain measuring point 213 of the corresponding fiber grating sensor 21; kpThe pressure conversion coefficient of the fiber bragg grating is obtained; k2TThe temperature conversion coefficient of the fiber bragg grating is obtained; lambda [ alpha ]2Is the wavelength corresponding to temperature measurement point 213 of fiber grating sensor 21; delta lambda2The wavelength variation of the temperature measuring point 212 corresponding to the fiber grating sensor 21; p is the value of the strain gauge 213 of the fiber grating sensor 21.
The temperature measurement point 212 is one or more points, and the strain measurement point 213 is preferably more than one point. The fiber grating sensor adopts glue 214 to fix the fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211 on the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112, and the first annular groove 111, the second annular groove 112 and the wire outlet groove 113 are filled to fix the position of the sensor.
As shown in fig. 5, the manufacturing method of the fiber grating sensing integrated automobile hub bearing comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: stress analysis of the automobile hub bearing 1:
and analyzing the stress of the automobile hub bearing 1 by adopting a finite element or bearing statics method.
(1) Analyzing the bearing area of the automobile hub bearing 1: in the load distribution diagram of the automobile hub bearing 1 under the action of the gravity of the automobile shown in fig. 6(a), when the automobile hub bearing 1 is vertically downward under the action of the gravity, the acting force applied to the inner ring is transmitted from bottom to top, and the bearing area is about 30 degrees according to calculation, so that the temperature measuring point 212 and the strain measuring point 213 are symmetrically and respectively arranged when the sensor is arranged, as shown in fig. 6 (b).
(2) And (3) analyzing the strain characteristics of the hub bearing ring under the conditions of bending moment load and radial load: the bearing strain on two sides of the hub bearing ring and the upper part and the lower part of the unilateral bearing present different change characteristics under the bending moment load and radial load conditions. As shown in fig. 7(a), under the action of radial load, the lower parts of the two rows of bearings are uniformly loaded, the strain measuring points 213 of the bearings at two sides are consistent, the strain of the lower measuring points is large, and the change of the upper part is very small.
Under the action of bending moment load, as shown in fig. 8(a), two rows of bearing measuring points have opposite characteristics under the action of bending moment, wherein the strain change of the upper part of one row is large, and the strain measuring point of the lower part of the other row is large.
Step two: the fiber grating sensor 21 is arranged: determining the installation position of the fiber grating sensor 21 through the mechanical analysis of the automobile hub bearing 1 in the first step, taking the axial plane of the central axis of the bearing as a reference, taking the upper half part on the axial plane and the lower half part below the axial plane, respectively arranging the fiber grating sensors 21 on the bearings at the two sides, respectively arranging the temperature measuring point 212 and the strain measuring point 213 at the positions of the upper half part and the lower half part of the bearings at the two sides, respectively arranging the fiber grating sensors 21 in the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 at the two sides of the automobile hub bearing 1, and connecting and leading out through a fiber grating sensor connecting wire 211, as shown in fig. 3(a) and fig. 3 (b).
Step three: packaging the sensing integrated bearing: the fiber grating sensor connection line 211 is adhered to the first annular groove 111 and the second annular groove 112 by using glue 214 to fix the position of the fiber grating sensor 21, the first annular groove 111, the second annular groove 112 and the wire outlet groove 113 are filled by using the glue 214, and the filled connection line is overlapped with the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring 11, as shown in fig. 4(a) to 4 (c).
Step four: the fiber grating sensor 21 is calibrated, and the calibration of the fiber grating sensor 21 includes temperature calibration and force parameter calibration:
(1) temperature calibration: placing the automobile hub bearing 1 manufactured and packaged in the third step into a variable temperature environment, applying a given temperature to the automobile hub bearing 1, testing wavelength change, and drawing a temperature and wavelength curve, wherein the slope of the temperature and wavelength curve is a conversion coefficient;
(2) force parameter static calibration: obtaining the strain experimental data of the automobile hub bearing testing device at the static loads of different positions of the automobile hub bearing 1, calibrating the relationship between strain or wavelength and radial load or bending moment load by using a least square data fitting method for the obtained multiple groups of data, as shown in fig. 7(b) and fig. 8(b), arranging a strain gauge at each strain measuring point 213 on each side, and arranging one strain measuring point 213 on the upper half part and the lower half part respectively, wherein the strain coefficients of the strain gauges of the strain measuring points 213 on the two sides under the action of the bending moment load are as follows:
similarly, the strain coefficients of the strain gauges at the plurality of strain measurement points 213 on the two sides under the action of the radial load are respectively as follows:
(3) the dynamic identification of force parameters, respectively applying radial load or bending moment load to the automobile hub bearing 1, respectively testing to obtain the wavelength change of the strain measuring points 213 at the upper and lower parts of the sensors at both sides,
the strains actually obtained by the strain gauge test under the action of bending moment and radial combined load are respectively2131、2132、2133、2134Then, then
2131＝M2131+r2131(1)
2132＝M2132+r2132(2)
2133＝M2133+r2133(3)
2134＝M2134+r2134(4)
FM＝K2131 M2131＝K2132 M2132＝K2133 M2133＝K2134 M2134(5)
Fr＝K2131 r2131＝K2132 r2132＝K2133 r2133＝K2134 r2134(6)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,M2131、M2132、M2133、M2134the strain value of the strain gauge under the action of bending moment load,r2131、r2132、r2133、r2134the strain value of the strain gauge under the action of radial load is obtained by solving an equation set and respectively solvingM2131、M2132、M2133、M2134、r2131、r2132、r2133、r2134Then substituting equations (5) and (6) to identify the bending moment and radial load FM、Fr。
The above description of exemplary embodiments has been presented only to illustrate the technical solution of the invention and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching to those skilled in the art. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to understand, implement and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The automobile hub bearing based on the integration of fiber grating sensing is characterized in that the automobile hub bearing based on the integration of fiber grating sensing comprises an automobile hub bearing (1), a fiber grating sensing system (2) and a fiber grating demodulator (3); the fiber grating sensing system (2) is fixed on the hub bearing (1) to monitor the temperature and the strain state of an outer ring (11) of the hub bearing of the automobile, and the fiber grating demodulator (3) is connected with the fiber grating sensing system (2) and used for displaying test data;
the outer surface of an automobile hub bearing outer ring (11) of the automobile hub bearing (1) is provided with annular grooves and wire outlet grooves (113), the annular grooves are arranged in two rows, the number of the annular grooves is consistent with that of the rows of the bearing, and the annular grooves are a first annular groove (111) and a second annular groove (112); the annular grooves are annularly arranged on the outer surface of an automobile hub bearing outer ring (11) and used for fixing, limiting and arranging the fiber grating sensor (21), and the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112) are respectively positioned at the middle positions right above the two rows of rolling bodies; the wire outlet groove (113) is also positioned on the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring (11), is used for communicating the first annular groove (111) with the second annular groove (112), is vertical to the second annular groove (112), and is communicated to the end surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring (11);
the fiber grating sensing system (2) comprises a fiber grating sensor (21), wherein the fiber grating sensor (21) comprises a fiber grating sensor connecting wire (211), a temperature measuring point (212), a strain measuring point (213) and glue (214); the fiber bragg grating sensor connecting wire (211) connects the plurality of temperature measuring points (212) with the strain measuring point (213);
the temperature measuring point (212) is arranged in a sleeve, and the sleeve is arranged in the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112) and is used for sensing the temperature of the outer ring (11) of the hub bearing; the strain measuring points (213) are fixed in the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112), and the temperature measuring points (212) of the fiber bragg grating sensor (21) are corrected and compensated for the strain measuring points (213);
the fiber bragg grating sensor connecting line (211) is fixed in the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112) through glue (214), and the first annular groove (111), the second annular groove (112) and the wire outlet groove (113) are filled to fix the positions of the temperature measuring point (212) and the strain measuring point (213).
2. The fiber grating sensing integration-based automobile hub bearing according to claim 1, wherein the automobile hub bearing (1) is a third-generation automobile hub bearing.
3. The fiber grating sensing integration-based automobile hub bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature measuring point (212) is provided with one or more points, and the strain measuring point (213) is provided with more points.
4. The manufacturing method of the fiber grating sensing integration-based automobile hub bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the stress of the automobile hub bearing (1), and analyzing the stress of the automobile hub bearing (1) by adopting a finite element or bearing statics method;
step two: fiber grating sensor (21) arrangement: determining the installation position of a fiber grating sensor (21) through stress analysis of the automobile hub bearing (1) in the first step, taking the axial plane of the central axis of the bearing as a reference, taking the upper half part on the axial plane and the lower half part below the axial plane, respectively arranging the fiber grating sensor (21) on the bearings at two sides, wherein a temperature measuring point (212) and a strain measuring point (213) are respectively arranged at the upper half part and the lower half part of the bearing at two sides, and after the fiber grating sensor (21) is respectively arranged in a first annular groove (111) and a second annular groove (112) at two sides of the automobile hub bearing (1), the fiber grating sensor is connected and led out through a fiber grating sensor connecting wire (211);
step three: packaging the sensing integrated bearing: the fiber grating sensor connecting line (211) is adhered in the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112) by glue (214), the position of the fiber grating sensor (21) is fixed, the first annular groove (111), the second annular groove (112) and the wire outlet groove (113) are filled by the glue (214), and the filled fiber grating sensor connecting line is superposed with the outer surface of the automobile hub bearing outer ring (11);
step four: and (3) calibrating the fiber grating sensor (21), wherein the calibration of the fiber grating sensor (21) comprises temperature calibration and force parameter calibration:
(1) temperature calibration: placing the automobile hub bearing (1) manufactured and packaged in the third step into a variable temperature environment, applying a given temperature to the automobile hub bearing (1), testing wavelength change, and drawing a temperature and wavelength curve, wherein the slope of the temperature and wavelength curve is a conversion coefficient;
(2) force parameter static calibration: the method comprises the steps of obtaining strain experimental data of an automobile hub bearing testing device through static loads at different positions of an automobile hub bearing (1), calibrating the relation between strain or wavelength and radial load or bending moment load by using a least square method data fitting method for multiple groups of obtained data, arranging a strain gauge at a strain measuring point (213) on each side, arranging a strain measuring point (213) on an upper half part and a lower half part respectively, and setting strain coefficients of the strain gauges at four strain measuring points (213) on two sides under the action of the bending moment load as follows:
Km2131＝FM/M2131
Km2132＝FM/M2132
Km2133＝FM/M2133；
Km2134＝FM/M2134
similarly, the strain coefficients of the strain gauges of the four strain measurement points (213) on the two sides under the action of the radial load are respectively as follows:
Kr2131＝Fr/r2131
Kr2132＝Fr/r2132
Kr2133＝Fr/r2133；
Kr2134＝Fr/r2134
(3) dynamic identification of force parameters, namely applying radial loads or bending moment loads to the automobile hub bearing (1) respectively, and testing to obtain wavelength changes of strain measuring points (213) at the upper part and the lower part of the sensors at two sides respectively;
the strains actually obtained by the strain gauge test under the action of bending moment and radial combined load are respectively2131、2132、2133、2134Then, then
2131＝M2131+r2131(1)
2132＝ M2132+ r2132(2)
2133＝ M2133+ r2133(3)
2134＝ M2134+ r2134(4)
FM＝Km2131 M2131＝Km2132 M2132＝Km2133 M2133＝Km2134 M2134(5)
Fr＝Kr2131 r2131＝Kr2132 r2132＝Kr2133 r2133＝Kr2134 r2134(6)
In the formula，M2131、M2132、M2133、M2134The strain value of the strain gauge under the action of bending moment load,r2131、r2132、r2133、r2134the strain value of the strain gauge under the action of radial load is obtained by solving an equation set and respectively solvingM2131、M2132、M2133、M2134、r2131、r2132、r2133、r2134Then substituting equations (5) and (6) to identify the bending moment and radial load FM、Fr。
5. The manufacturing method of the automobile hub bearing based on the integration of fiber bragg grating sensing according to claim 4, wherein the stress analysis of the automobile hub bearing (1) in the first step specifically comprises:
(1) analyzing the bearing area of the automobile hub bearing (1): analyzing the load distribution of the internal rolling body under the action of the gravity of the automobile, arranging fiber bragg grating sensors (21), and respectively arranging a temperature measuring point (212) and a strain measuring point (213) at corresponding positions of the first annular groove (111) and the second annular groove (112);
(2) and (3) analyzing the strain characteristics of the hub bearing ring under the conditions of bending moment load and radial load: analyzing different strain change characteristics of the bearings on two sides of the hub bearing ring and the upper part and the lower part of the unilateral bearing under the conditions of bending moment load and radial load; under the action of radial load, the lower parts of the two rows of bearings are uniformly loaded, the strain measuring points (213) of the bearings at two sides are consistent, the strain of the lower measuring points is large, and the change of the upper parts is small; under the action of bending moment load, two rows of bearing measuring points present opposite characteristics under the action of bending moment, wherein the strain change of the upper part of one row is large, and the strain measuring point of the lower part of the other row is large and changes in a gradient manner.
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Cited By (1)
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