CN111455478B - Composite nanofiber membrane for fabric with high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, preparation method of composite nanofiber membrane and fabric - Google Patents
Composite nanofiber membrane for fabric with high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, preparation method of composite nanofiber membrane and fabric Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/26—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from other polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/94—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite nanofiber membrane for a high-moisture-conductivity quick-drying functional fabric, a preparation method thereof and the fabric, wherein the composite nanofiber membrane is formed by compounding a polyurethane/artemia cyst vacant shell fiber membrane layer with partial hydrophile/partial hydrophobicity and a hydrophilic fiber membrane layer, wherein polyurethane/artemia cyst vacant shell powder is used as a moisture absorption-moisture-conductivity layer, and the hydrophilic layer is used as a moisture dissipation layer, so that the absorption, diffusion and evaporation effects on sweat can be effectively realized, and the composite nanofiber membrane is suitable for preparing the high-moisture-conductivity quick-drying functional fabric; meanwhile, the moisture-conducting layer is mainly prepared from waste artemia cyst vacant shells, so that the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the massive discarding of the artemia cyst vacant shells are solved, and the moisture-conducting layer makes remarkable progress compared with the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cosmetics, in particular to a composite nanofiber membrane for a fabric with high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, a preparation method of the composite nanofiber membrane and the fabric.
Background
Wet-wicking and fast drying involve the process of water (including liquid water and water vapor) attachment (surface adsorption) to the inner fabric fibers, rapid diffusion, and subsequent transport to and evaporation from the outer fabric fibers. The fabric has good moisture-conducting and quick-drying performance, so that moisture on the skin can be smoothly discharged through the fabric, heat and sweat on the surface of the skin of a human body are transferred to the external environment, the cold and damp feeling, the heavy and sticky feeling and the body feeling of the clothes after being wetted are eliminated, the influence on the air permeability is reduced, and the hot and wet comfort of the clothes is improved. The water-conducting properties of a fabric are referred to as "wicking properties". At present, the moisture-conducting raw materials mainly comprise: spinning the special-shaped section fiber from the special-shaped section spinneret orifice: for example, in 1986, dupont et al introduced a polyester fiber with a "+" or "∞" shaped cross section, and the grooves on the surface of the polyester fiber facilitate the rapid water transfer and diffusion in the fabric, increasing the evaporation area; meanwhile, the specific surface area of the fiber is increased due to the existence of the grooves, so that the evaporation area is increased, and the evaporation of water is accelerated; fine denier synthetic fiber; high hygroscopicity fibre. The American Optimer company adopts a micro-mixing method for spinning, a small amount of cotton fibers are mixed in terylene to be spun into yarn, the developed Dri-release high-performance yarn can integrate the advantages of cotton and the terylene, the sweat on the surface of the skin can be absorbed into the yarn by the small amount of cotton in the yarn, and the terylene has good moisture conductivity and can rapidly transfer the sweat in the fabric to the surface of the fabric, so that the Dri-release yarn has good moisture release performance. The nano composite fiber film with the moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions is a key material for preparing the fabric with the high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, and determines the moisture-conducting and quick-drying performances of the fabric.
Artemia (Artemia) belong to small crustaceans and generally live in salt lakes, coastal salt farm ponds and other high salt water baths. The artemia cysts are high-quality active bait for aquatic breeding, and the artemia cysts consumed for breeding every year in the world are 1500-2000 t (dry weight). The artemia cysts mainly comprise lipoprotein and methemoglobin and cannot be digested by larvae of fishes and shrimps, and the artemia cysts are generally discarded as waste at present. Research shows that the artemia cysts contain chitin, lipoprotein, hematin, amino acid and other components and present a hollow circular structure, so that the artemia cysts have the functions of water retention and slow release. However, the application of the artemia cyst shells to the fabric does not exist at present, so that the moisture permeability of the fabric is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a composite nanofiber membrane for a fabric with high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, a preparation method of the composite nanofiber membrane and the fabric. The composite nanofiber membrane has excellent moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions and is suitable for preparing high-moisture-conducting and quick-drying functional fabrics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the composite nanofiber membrane for the fabric with the high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, taking artemia cyst empty shells with the diameter of 150-280 mu m, cleaning, drying, performing ball milling to obtain artemia cyst empty shell powder, dispersing the powder in a solvent, and performing ultrasonic uniform dispersion to obtain artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid; dissolving polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spinning solution, adding the dispersion solution into the spinning solution to prepare a blended spinning solution, injecting the blended spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a polyurethane/artemia cyst hollow nanofiber membrane on a receiving substrate by adopting an electrostatic spinning method;
and S2, dispersing the hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to obtain a hydrophilic spinning solution, injecting the spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a layer of hydrophilic fiber membrane on the nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning method.
Further, the mass fraction of polyurethane in the spinning solution in the step S1 is 10-25%; mixing the dispersion liquid and the spinning solution according to a weight ratio of 0.1-0.5: 2 to obtain a blended spinning solution; the receiving base material is a steel wire mesh.
Further, the solvent adopted for dispersing the artemia cyst shell powder in the step S1 is one or two of water, ethanol, butanediol, propylene glycol and glycerol; and/or in the artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid, the weight percentage of the artemia cyst shell powder is 30-50%.
Further, the solvent used for dispersing the artemia cyst shell powder in the step S1 is glycerol; and/or the mass fraction of the artemia cyst shell powder in the artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid is 35%. The artemia cyst shell has the problem of difficult dispersion, and can be uniformly dispersed in a solvent by heating or ultrasonic means when being added into the solvent. In addition, the mass fraction range of the artemia cyst shell powder is preferably between 30 and 50 percent, if the mass fraction is lower than 30 percent, the spinnability of the solution is reduced, and part of the solution can not be filamentized in the spinning process and appears in the form of liquid drops; if the amount exceeds 50%, the spinneret needle is easily clogged and spinning is easily stopped.
Further, in the step S2, the hydrophilic polymer is sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide.
Further, in the step S2, the hydrophilic polymer is polyacrylamide; and/or the mass fraction of polyacrylamide in the hydrophilic spinning solution is 10-25%. The solvent used for dispersing the hydrophilic polymer can be one or more than two selected from water, acetic acid, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, dichloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide. More preferably, the solvent used to disperse the polyacrylamide is water.
Further, in the steps S1 and S2, the electrostatic spinning process parameters are as follows: the voltage is 18-26 KV, the distance between the spinning nozzle and the fabric base material is 10-22 cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution is 1-3 ml/h. Good performance of the fiber layer can be obtained by controlling the voltage and the receiving distance, and if the voltage is too high or the receiving distance is too short, the solvent in the spinning solution has no time to volatilize, and the fibers are easily integrated.
Further, the diameter of the fiber obtained in the steps S1 and S2 is 200-500 μm, the pore diameter of the obtained fiber membrane is 1-4 μm, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 10-40 μm.
The invention also aims to provide the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also aims to provide a high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functional fabric, which comprises the composite nanofiber membrane.
The core technical point of the composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the invention is that a polyurethane/artemia cyst vacant shell nanofiber membrane layer is formed by deposition through an electrostatic spinning method, so that the moisture absorption and moisture conduction effects are achieved, although the spherical hollow structure is damaged after the artemia cyst vacant shell is ball-milled into nano-scale powder, the artemia cyst vacant shell mainly comprises a large amount of lipoprotein as a main component, so that the water retention is still high, and meanwhile, the surface of the artemia cyst vacant shell is provided with tiny cracks, so that the situation that the water cannot excessively stay can be ensured, and the artemia cyst vacant shell has the flow conduction performance. Meanwhile, due to the combination of the artemia cyst shells and the polyurethane, the hydrophilicity of the polyurethane is improved, so that the fiber membrane has the characteristics of partial hydrophobicity and partial hydrophilicity, and the absorption and diffusion of moisture can be realized. Further, a hydrophilic layer is deposited on the fiber membrane, and when water molecules are transmitted to the hydrophilic layer through the diversion effect of the artemia cyst vacant shell, water can be quickly evaporated, so that the quick drying effect is achieved.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the composite nanofiber membrane is formed by compounding a polyurethane/artemia cyst shell fiber membrane layer with partial hydrophilic/partial hydrophobic properties and a hydrophilic fiber membrane layer, wherein the fiber membrane formed by depositing polyurethane/artemia cyst shell powder is used as a moisture absorption-moisture conduction layer, and the hydrophilic layer is used as a moisture dissipation layer, so that the effects of absorbing, diffusing and evaporating sweat can be effectively realized, and the composite nanofiber membrane is suitable for preparing high-moisture-conduction and quick-drying functional fabrics.
2. The moisture-conducting layer is mainly prepared from waste artemia cyst vacant shells, and the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by discarding a large amount of artemia cyst vacant shells are solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments of examples. It should not be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
In the examples, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used were commercially available without otherwise specified.
Example I preparation of composite nanofiber membrane for high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functional fabric
S1, taking artemia cyst empty shells with the diameter of 150-280 microns, cleaning, drying, performing ball milling to obtain nano artemia cyst empty shell powder, dispersing the powder in glycerol at room temperature, and uniformly dispersing the artemia cyst empty shell powder by adopting ultrasound to prepare a dispersion liquid containing 35% of artemia cyst empty shell powder by mass fraction; dissolving polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spinning solution with the mass fraction of 22% of polyurethane, mixing the dispersion solution and the spinning solution according to the weight ratio of 0.3:2 to obtain a blended spinning solution, injecting the blended spinning solution into a spinning injector, applying a high-voltage electrostatic field between a spinning nozzle and a receiving substrate at the voltage of 20KV, adjusting the distance between the spinning nozzle and the receiving substrate to be 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution to be 1ml/h, and forming a polyurethane/artemia cyst empty-shell nanofiber membrane on the receiving substrate by an electrostatic spinning method; the diameter of the obtained fiber is 300 μm, the pore diameter of the obtained fiber membrane is 3 μm, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 25 μm;
s2, dispersing polyacrylamide in water to obtain a polyacrylamide hydrophilic spinning solution containing 15 mass percent, injecting the spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a hydrophilic fiber membrane layer on the polyurethane/artemia cyst shell nanofiber membrane by an electrostatic spinning method; wherein the spinning voltage is 22KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution is 1 ml/h; the diameter of the resulting fiber was 400 μm, the pore diameter of the resulting fiber membrane was 4 μm, and the thickness of the resulting fiber membrane was 30 μm.
Example II preparation of composite nanofiber membrane for high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functional fabric
S1, taking artemia cyst empty shells with the diameter of 150-280 microns, cleaning, drying, performing ball milling to obtain nano artemia cyst empty shell powder, dispersing the powder in water at room temperature, and uniformly dispersing the artemia cyst empty shell powder by adopting ultrasound to prepare a dispersion liquid containing 30% of artemia cyst empty shell powder by mass fraction; dissolving polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spinning solution with the mass fraction of the polyurethane being 15%, mixing the dispersion solution and the spinning solution according to the weight ratio of 0.1:2 to obtain a blended spinning solution, injecting the blended spinning solution into a spinning injector, applying a high-voltage electrostatic field between a spinning nozzle and a receiving substrate with the voltage being 26KV, adjusting the distance between the spinning nozzle and the receiving substrate to be 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution to be 2ml/h, and forming a polyurethane/artemia egg hollow shell nanofiber membrane on the receiving substrate by an electrostatic spinning method; the diameter of the obtained fiber is 500 μm, the pore diameter of the obtained fiber membrane is 4 μm, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 30 μm;
s2, dispersing polyacrylamide in water to obtain a polyacrylamide hydrophilic spinning solution with the mass fraction of 20%, injecting the spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a hydrophilic fiber membrane layer on the polyurethane/artemia cyst shell nanofiber membrane by an electrostatic spinning method; wherein the spinning voltage is 22KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution is 2 ml/h; the diameter of the resulting fiber was 400 μm, the pore diameter of the resulting fiber membrane was 3 μm, and the thickness of the resulting fiber membrane was 40 μm.
EXAMPLE III preparation of composite nanofiber Membrane for high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functional Fabric
S1, taking artemia cyst empty shells with the diameter of 150-280 microns, cleaning, drying, performing ball milling to obtain nano artemia cyst empty shell powder, dispersing the powder in water at room temperature, and uniformly dispersing the artemia cyst empty shell powder by adopting ultrasound to prepare a dispersion liquid containing 45 mass percent of artemia cyst empty shell powder; dissolving polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spinning solution with the mass fraction of 25% of polyurethane, mixing the dispersion solution and the spinning solution according to the weight ratio of 0.5:2 to obtain a blended spinning solution, injecting the blended spinning solution into a spinning injector, applying a high-voltage electrostatic field between a spinning nozzle and a receiving substrate with the voltage of 25KV, adjusting the distance between the spinning nozzle and the receiving substrate to be 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution to be 2ml/h, and forming a polyurethane/artemia egg hollow shell nanofiber membrane on the receiving substrate by an electrostatic spinning method; the diameter of the obtained fiber is 400 μm, the pore diameter of the obtained fiber membrane is 4 μm, and the thickness of the obtained fiber membrane is 30 μm;
s2, dispersing polyacrylamide in water to obtain a polyacrylamide hydrophilic spinning solution containing 22 mass percent, injecting the spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a hydrophilic fiber membrane layer on the polyurethane/artemia cyst shell nanofiber membrane by an electrostatic spinning method; wherein the spinning voltage is 26KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution is 2 ml/h; the diameter of the resulting fiber was 500. mu.m, the pore diameter of the resulting fiber membrane was 4 μm, and the thickness of the resulting fiber membrane was 20 μm.
The difference between the first comparative example and the first example is that no artemia cyst shell dispersion is added in step S1, and the remaining parameters are the same as in the first example.
Comparative example two, a difference from example one, is that the artemia cyst shell powder dispersion was mixed with the polyurethane spinning solution in a 1:1 weight ratio.
Test I, moisture-conductive and quick-drying performance test
According to the test method of dynamic moisture transfer method in the second part of the method of evaluation of moisture absorption quick-drying property of textile in GB/T21655.2-2009, the wetting time, the water absorption rate, the liquid water diffusion rate, the unidirectional transfer rate and the liquid water dynamic transfer comprehensive index of the hydrophobic surface to the hydrophilic surface of the composite fiber membranes in the first to third examples and the first to second comparative examples are tested to calculate the comprehensive moisture-conducting quick-drying property of the fiber membranes so as to represent the moisture-conducting quick-drying property of the fiber membranes, the evaluation standard is shown in Table 1, and the evaluation result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 concrete index and evaluation grade Standard
TABLE 2 evaluation results
Note: the unit of each index is the same as that in table 1.
As can be seen from the above table, the first to third composite nanofiber membranes of the embodiments of the present invention have excellent moisture-conducting and quick-drying properties, and the achievement of such an effect is relatively dependent on the presence of the artemia cyst shell powder, and if the artemia cyst shell powder is not added, the overall performance of the composite nanofiber membrane is affected. As in comparative example one, since polyurethane is hydrophobic, the hydrophobic polyurethane fiber membrane as the moisture absorption layer has poor moisture absorption capability, which results in significantly prolonged wetting time and significantly reduced water absorption rate, thereby further affecting other indexes.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the composite nanofiber membrane for the fabric with the high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, taking artemia cyst empty shells with the diameter of 150-280 mu m, cleaning, drying, performing ball milling to obtain artemia cyst empty shell powder, dispersing the powder in a solvent, and performing ultrasonic uniform dispersion to obtain artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid; dissolving polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spinning solution, adding the dispersion solution into the spinning solution to prepare a blended spinning solution, injecting the blended spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a polyurethane/artemia cyst hollow nanofiber membrane on a receiving substrate by adopting an electrostatic spinning method;
s2, dispersing the hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to obtain a hydrophilic spinning solution, injecting the hydrophilic spinning solution into a spinning injector, and forming a layer of hydrophilic fiber membrane on the nanofiber membrane by adopting an electrostatic spinning method.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of polyurethane in the spinning solution of step S1 is 10 to 25%; mixing the dispersion liquid and the spinning solution according to a weight ratio of 0.1-0.5: 2 to obtain a blended spinning solution; the receiving base material is a steel wire mesh.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S1 of dispersing the artemia cyst shell powder is performed using one or two of water, ethanol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin; in the artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid, the weight percentage of the artemia cyst shell powder is 30-50%.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the solvent used to disperse the artemia cyst shell powder in step S1 is glycerol; in the artemia cyst shell powder dispersion liquid, the weight percentage of the artemia cyst shell powder is 35%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer in step S2 is sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is polyacrylamide; the mass fraction of polyacrylamide in the hydrophilic spinning solution is 10-25%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the steps S1 and S2, the electrostatic spinning process parameters are as follows: the voltage is 18-26 KV, the distance between the spinning nozzle and the fabric base material is 10-22 cm, and the filling speed of the spinning solution is 1-3 ml/h.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the diameters of the polyurethane/artemia cyst shell nanofiber membrane and the hydrophilic fiber membrane obtained in the steps S1 and S2 are 200-500 μm, the pore diameter is 1-4 μm, and the thickness is 10-40 μm.
9. The composite nanofiber membrane prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A high moisture-conductive and quick-drying functional fabric, which comprises the composite nanofiber membrane as claimed in claim 9.
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| CN202010280660.5A CN111455478B (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Composite nanofiber membrane for fabric with high moisture-conducting and quick-drying functions, preparation method of composite nanofiber membrane and fabric |
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