CN111453826B - Micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111453826B
CN111453826B CN202010259307.9A CN202010259307A CN111453826B CN 111453826 B CN111453826 B CN 111453826B CN 202010259307 A CN202010259307 A CN 202010259307A CN 111453826 B CN111453826 B CN 111453826B
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nano porous
coagulant aid
polyaluminium
sulfate
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CN111453826A (en
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何军勇
孔令涛
张开胜
吴子健
谢超
刘锦淮
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C02F2101/14Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds

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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid and a preparation method and application thereof. The synthesis method and the process are simple and easy to operate, and the micro-nano porous polyaluminium chloride coagulant aid synthesized by the method has the advantages that the surface is rich in hydroxyl and sulfate active groups and metal ion active sites, exists in a colloid form in a water body, and can realize two effects of rapid adsorption of fluorine ions and rapid coagulation aid; after the conventional flocculating agent is added, the colloid state can be immediately converted into a floc state, and finally the floc state is settled, so that the water and the mud are quickly separated, secondary pollution to a water body is avoided, and the used micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid can be recycled by soaking and drying.

Description

Micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drinking water treatment, and particularly relates to a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Fluorine is one of trace chemical elements commonly existing in nature, is a substance necessary for maintaining the growth of animal and plant bones and teeth, and is indispensable. However, excessive uptake of fluoride ion can cause a series of diseases such as dental fluorosis, and changes in the kidney, liver, and brain, which cause immune dysfunction and even become life-threatening in severe cases. The content of fluorine in drinking water is definitely less than 1.0 mg/L in the sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006) of China; the drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulate that the fluorine content should not exceed 1.5 mg/L. The fluorine pollution is caused by geological structure factors such as regional high-fluorine underground water and problems caused by the over-standard discharge of fluorine in modern industrial production, and the improper treatment (treatment) of fluorine-containing waste water, waste gas, waste residues and the like generated in the production process can cause serious fluorine pollution. Among them, the pollution of the fluorine-containing waste water is the most serious, for example, the fluorine ion concentration in the waste water discharged from the glass manufacturing industry can reach as high as 2000 mg/L, and the fluorine content in the fluorine-containing waste water of phosphate fertilizer plants can even reach as high as 5000 mg/L, and if the fluorine-containing waste water is not treated properly, the serious harm can be caused. According to statistics, 5000 more than ten thousand of water with serious standard exceeding of fluorine ions is taken as a main drinking water source in China for a long time, the water is mainly distributed in northern China, northeast China, northwest China and other regions, and is concentrated in remote rural regions, and the provinces mainly comprise Henan, Hebei, Anhui, inner Mongolia, Tianjin and the like. The problem of fluorine pollution in drinking water in China has not been effectively solved so far because of dispersed regions, complex environment, various forms, unclear removal mechanism, high treatment difficulty, high cost and weak whole fluorine pollution treatment technical foundation. Therefore, the development of efficient fluorine pollution treatment materials and technologies has great social, economic and environmental significance and is urgent.
The treatment and improvement of the fluorine ions in water have been the hot topic in recent years, and the traditional technology for removing the fluorine ions in drinking water comprises a coagulating sedimentation method, an adsorption method, a membrane separation method, an ion exchange method, an electrochemical method and the like. Compared with other technologies, the adsorption method has the advantages of more mature technology, lower cost and simpler operation, so the adsorption method is widely applied at present and is used as a technology for efficiently removing fluorine ions in water. Among the selection of a plurality of adsorbents, the use of aluminum-based materials such as activated alumina is the most economic and efficient method for treating high-fluorine water at present, and has been widely applied in practical operation, and most of defluorination test points in China also use the activated alumina as a defluorination adsorbent.
The fluorine removal effect of activated alumina used as adsorbent is influenced by various factors, including the particle size of activated alumina itself, the concentration of fluorine, the pH of fluorine-containing water, and the presence of other ions in raw fluorine water. Under the actual use condition, the activated alumina has low adsorption capacity and low adsorption rate, is difficult to separate from a water body after adsorption, and seriously limits the application range of the activated alumina.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid, which can greatly improve the number and activity of surface groups of an aluminum-based material, solves the problems of poor adsorption capacity of the traditional aluminum-based material to fluoride ions, low adsorption rate and difficulty in separation from a water body, and is simple and easy to realize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and sulfate in pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding alkali liquor into the mixed solution to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to be alkalescent so as to obtain alkaline solution;
step three, carrying out curing treatment on the alkaline solution under a hydrothermal condition to obtain a precursor;
putting the precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle for heating reaction, and naturally cooling after the reaction is finished;
and step five, separating, drying and grinding the product obtained by cooling in the step four into powder to obtain the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
Preferably, in the first step, the sulfate is at least one of ferric sulfate, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the aluminum isopropoxide to the sulfate is (4-1): 1. Further preferably, the molar ratio of aluminum isopropoxide to sulfate may be 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, or 1: 1.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the second step, the alkali liquor is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the pH value of the alkaline solution is 7.5-9.0.
In the preparation process, the mole ratio of aluminum isopropoxide to sulfate and the pH value range regulated by alkali liquor have great influence on the micro-nano structure and the surface group of the material.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the third step, the temperature of the curing treatment is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 1-5 h.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the fourth step, the temperature of the heating reaction is 120 ℃ to 180 ℃, and the time is 1-2 days.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the fifth step, the separation is performed in a centrifugal manner, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the grinding is performed to obtain powder of 100 meshes to 200 meshes.
The invention also aims to provide the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum coagulant aid prepared by the preparation method, wherein the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum coagulant aid has a micro-nano porous structure, and the specific surface area of the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum coagulant aid is 100-300 m2(ii) in terms of/g. The surface of the material is rich in hydroxyl active groups and sulfate groups, active sites of aluminum ions and metal ions are fully exposed, and rapid adsorption and capture of fluorine ions can be realized.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid in removing fluorinion in water, wherein the coagulant aid exists in a colloidal form in a water body and cannot be completely dissolved. After the conventional flocculating agent is added, the colloid state can be immediately converted into a floc state and finally settled, so that the rapid separation of water and mud is realized, and secondary pollution to a water body is avoided. When the flocculant is used for adsorbing fluorine ions in water, the fluorine ions with the initial concentration of about 3mg/L in the water can be adsorbed and removed within 10 minutes, the standard of drinking water is less than 1mg/L, and the precipitated floc sludge can be recycled by soaking and drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the surface of the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid synthesized by the method is rich in hydroxyl active groups and sulfate groups, and active sites of aluminum ions and metal ions are fully exposed, so that the rapid adsorption and capture of the fluoride ions can be realized, and two effects of adsorption and coagulation aid can be realized simultaneously; the coagulant aid exists in a colloidal form in a water body and cannot be completely dissolved. After the conventional flocculating agent is added, the colloid state can be immediately converted into a floc state and finally settled, so that the rapid separation of water and mud is realized, and secondary pollution to a water body is avoided.
(2) The micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid synthesized by the invention has greatly increased surface active groups, can adsorb and remove fluoride ions with initial concentration of about 3mg/L in water within 10 minutes, reaches the drinking water standard of below 1mg/L, and overcomes the defect of low adsorption capacity of conventional materials to fluoride ions;
(3) after the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid synthesized by the invention is used, precipitated floc sludge can be recycled by soaking and drying, and the defect that the removal efficiency of conventional materials on fluorine ions is difficult to regenerate is overcome.
(4) The synthesis method and the process used by the invention are simple and easy to operate, and are suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM topography of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an optical picture of the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and calcium sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 5.73g of calcium sulfate) in 200mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 8.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 2 hours under the condition of an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 1 day at 180 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The micro-nano porous polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid synthesized in example 1 is characterized by the appearance through a scanning electron microscope, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, it can be seen that the prepared material is of a micro-nano porous structure, and the grinding effect is excellent after drying. The test result of the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and can reduce the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration to below 0.82mg/L to reach the drinking water standard. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
Example 2
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and ferric sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 13.33g of ferric sulfate) in 200mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 8.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 2 hours under the condition of an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 1 day at 180 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the required micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The test result of the micro-nano porous polyaluminum ferric coagulant aid synthesized in the example 2 on the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polyaluminum ferric coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration can be reduced to be below 0.87mg/L, so that the drinking water standard is reached. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
Example 3
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and magnesium sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 4.00g of magnesium sulfate) in 200mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 8.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 2 hours under the condition of an oil bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 1 day at 180 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the required micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The test result of the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum magnesium coagulant aid synthesized in the embodiment 3 on the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polymeric aluminum magnesium coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration can be reduced to be lower than 0.92mg/L, so that the drinking water standard is reached. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
Example 4
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
the simple synthesis method of the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum calcium coagulant aid for efficiently removing fluorinion in water comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and calcium sulfate in a molar ratio of 3:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 5.73g of calcium sulfate) in 300mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 9.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 5 hours under the oil bath condition of 70 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 1 day at 180 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the required micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The test result of the micro-nano porous polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid synthesized in the embodiment 4 on the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration can be reduced to be lower than 0.85mg/L, so that the drinking water standard is reached. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
Example 5
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and calcium sulfate in a molar ratio of 2:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 8.61g of calcium sulfate) in 200mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 8.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 2 hours under the oil bath condition of 70 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 2 days at 180 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the required micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The test result of the micro-nano porous polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid synthesized in the example 5 on the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polyaluminum calcium coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration can be reduced to be lower than 0.90mg/L, so that the drinking water standard is reached. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
Example 6
A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and magnesium sulfate in a molar ratio of 1:1 (20.42 g of aluminum isopropoxide and 12.04g of magnesium sulfate) in 200mL of pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to 8.0;
step three, curing the obtained alkaline solution for 5 hours under the oil bath condition of 60 ℃ to obtain a precursor;
step four, putting the cured precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating for 2 days at 120 ℃;
and fifthly, separating and extracting the reaction product after cooling in a centrifugal mode, drying at 60 ℃, and grinding into powder of 200 meshes to obtain the required micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
The test result of the micro-nano porous polymeric aluminum magnesium coagulant aid synthesized in the embodiment 6 on the actual fluorine-containing water sample shows that the polymeric aluminum magnesium coagulant aid exists in the form of colloid in water, and the fluorine concentration of 3.00mg/L of the initial concentration can be reduced to be lower than 0.92mg/L, so that the drinking water standard is reached. Due to the colloid coagulation aiding effect of the material, under the action of a common flocculating agent polyaluminium chloride (PAC), the colloid can be rapidly agglomerated to form flocs to settle down, and the rapid separation of clear water and sludge is realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
dispersing aluminum isopropoxide and sulfate in pure water, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; the sulfate is at least one of ferric sulfate, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate; the molar ratio of the aluminum isopropoxide to the sulfate is (4-1) to 1;
adding alkali liquor into the mixed solution to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to be alkaline, so as to obtain alkaline solution; the pH value of the alkaline solution is 7.5-9.0;
step three, carrying out curing treatment on the alkaline solution under a hydrothermal condition to obtain a precursor; the temperature of the curing treatment is 50-80 ℃;
putting the precursor into a high-pressure reaction kettle for heating reaction, and naturally cooling after the reaction is finished; the temperature of the heating reaction is 120-180 ℃;
and step five, separating, drying and grinding the product obtained by cooling in the step four into powder to obtain the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide solution.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the curing treatment time is 1-5 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the heating reaction time is 1-2 days.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step five, performing separation in a centrifugal mode, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and grinding into powder of 100-200 meshes.
6. The micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid is prepared by the following steps: the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid has a micro-nano porous structure, the surface of the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid is rich in hydroxyl active groups, sulfate groups, aluminum ions and metal ion active sites, and the specific surface area of the micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid is 100-300 m2(ii)/g; the metal ion active site refers to at least one metal ion active site of iron, calcium and magnesium.
7. The micro-nano porous polyaluminium coagulant aid of claim 6, which is used for removing fluoride ions in water.
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