CN111451661B

CN111451661B - Plate welding deformation control device and welding equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111451661B
Application number: CN202010357059.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周德强
Original assignee: Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd
Current assignee: Suote Transmission Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-29
Filing date: 2020-04-29
Publication date: 2021-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-29
Also published as: CN111451661A

Abstract

The invention discloses a plate welding deformation control device and welding equipment, and relates to the technical field of welding. The device comprises a bottom plate and a welding clamping mechanism. The bottom plate is used for supporting a metal plate to be welded; the welding clamping mechanism comprises a deformation clamping assembly, the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate are arranged oppositely at an interval, a welding clamping space used for clamping a metal plate to be welded is formed between the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate, the deformation clamping assembly is configured to expand in volume at high temperature to reduce the welding clamping space, and contract in volume at low temperature to increase the welding clamping space. The device can adjust the size of the welding clamping space according to the change of temperature, the temperature rises during welding, the welding clamping space is reduced due to volume expansion, the constraint force is improved, the metal plate to be welded is clamped more stably, and deformation is avoided; the temperature is reduced after welding, the volume is reduced, so that the welding clamping space is enlarged, the constraint force is reduced, and the deformation and the cracking of the welded metal plate are avoided, so that the welding deformation can be effectively controlled, and the welding quality is ensured.

Description

Plate welding deformation control device and welding equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a plate welding deformation control device and welding equipment.

Background

Welding is widely used in various engineering practices as a common metal connecting mode, but practical experience for many years shows that the welded metal plates are prone to deformation, and the deformation is particularly obvious in the metal plates. The welding deformation of the metal plate is caused by many reasons, and generally, the metal plate is considered to have insufficient restraint capability, small rigidity and low resistance to bending deformation.

Therefore, in order to inhibit or control the welding deformation of the plate, various measures are often required, for example, 1) a proper welding tool/welding jig is selected before welding to increase the rigidity of the plate; 2) correct parameter setting and process control in the welding process; 3) and leveling treatment and the like are carried out after welding. And the selection of a proper welding tool before welding is an effective means for controlling or reducing the welding deformation of the plate which is widely used at present. However, the method in the prior art cannot adapt to the temperature change, and the effect of controlling deformation still needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plate welding deformation control device, which can change the size of a welding clamping space according to the change of temperature through the arrangement of a deformation clamping assembly, and the welding clamping space is reduced due to the volume expansion of the deformation clamping assembly when the temperature is increased, so that a metal plate to be welded is clamped more stably.

Another object of the present invention includes providing a welding apparatus, which includes the above plate welding deformation control device. Therefore, the welding equipment has the advantages of high welding efficiency and good welding quality.

Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a plate welding deformation control device, including:

a base plate for supporting a metal plate to be welded;

the welding clamping mechanism comprises a deformation clamping assembly, the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate are oppositely arranged at intervals, a welding clamping space used for clamping a metal plate to be welded is formed between the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate, the deformation clamping assembly is configured to expand in volume at high temperature so as to reduce the welding clamping space, and the deformation clamping assembly contracts in volume at low temperature so as to increase the welding clamping space.

In an alternative embodiment, the bottom plate comprises a first placing area and a second placing area for placing two metal plates to be welded which are arranged at intervals, the area formed by the parts to be welded of the two metal plates to be welded is a welding area, and the deformation clamping assembly is arranged right opposite to the welding area.

In an alternative embodiment, the bottom plate comprises a first plate and a second plate which are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the first plate forms a first placing area, the second plate forms a second placing area, and the first plate and the second plate are respectively used for supporting one metal plate to be welded; the deformation clamping assembly comprises a first deformation block and a second deformation block which are located in a welding area, the first deformation block and a part, to be welded, of the metal plate to be welded, supported by the first plate, are in butt joint fit, and the second deformation block and a part, to be welded, of the metal plate to be welded, supported by the second plate, are in butt joint fit.

In an alternative embodiment, the welding clamping mechanism further comprises a restraining component, the restraining component is arranged on one side of the deformation clamping component far away from the bottom plate and is used for applying acting force to the deformation clamping component and abutting against the surface of the metal plate to be welded.

In an optional embodiment, the constraint assembly comprises a first constraint block and a second constraint block which are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the first constraint block is opposite to the first plate and is detachably connected with the first plate through a fastener, and the first deformation block is positioned on one side of the first constraint block, which is close to the bottom plate, and is fixedly connected with the first constraint block; the second constraint block is opposite to the second plate and detachably connected with the second plate through a fastener, and the second deformation block is located on one side, close to the bottom plate, of the second constraint block and fixedly connected with the second constraint block.

In an optional embodiment, the first constraint block has a first fixed end and a first abutting end, the first abutting end is disposed adjacent to the second constraint block, the first fixed end is disposed away from the second constraint block, the first deformation block is disposed at the first abutting end, and the first fixed end is detachably connected to the first plate through a fastener;

the second constraint block is provided with a second fixed end and a second abutting end, the second abutting end is adjacent to the first constraint block, the second fixed end is far away from the first constraint block, the second deformation block is located at the second abutting end, and the second fixed end is detachably connected with the second plate through a fastener.

In an optional embodiment, the first deformation block and the second deformation block are both in a square shape before welding, the first deformation block is provided with a first abutting surface and a second abutting surface which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, the first abutting surface is abutted and matched with the first constraint block, and the second abutting surface is abutted and matched with the metal plate to be welded; the second deformation block is provided with a third abutting surface and a fourth abutting surface which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, the third abutting surface is in abutting fit with the second restriction block, and the fourth abutting surface is in abutting fit with the metal plate to be welded.

In an alternative embodiment, the first and second deformation blocks are both of a shape memory alloy.

In an alternative embodiment, where the material of the metal sheets to be welded is a carbon steel material or stainless steel, the shape memory alloy is a nickel titanium memory alloy.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a welding apparatus including the plate welding deformation control device of any one of the foregoing embodiments.

Embodiments of the invention include at least the following advantages or benefits:

the embodiment of the invention provides a plate welding deformation control device which comprises a bottom plate and a welding clamping mechanism. The bottom plate is used for supporting a metal plate to be welded; the welding clamping mechanism comprises a deformation clamping assembly, the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate are oppositely arranged at intervals, a welding clamping space used for clamping a metal plate to be welded is formed between the deformation clamping assembly and the bottom plate, and the deformation clamping assembly is configured to expand in volume at high temperature so as to reduce the welding clamping space and contract in volume at low temperature so as to increase the welding clamping space. The plate welding deformation control device can change the size of a welding clamping space according to the change of temperature through the arrangement of the deformation clamping assembly, and the volume of the deformation clamping assembly expands to reduce the welding clamping space and increase the constraint force applied to a metal plate to be welded due to the increase of the temperature during welding, so that the metal plate to be welded is clamped more stably, and the deformation caused by the insufficient constraint force of the plate is effectively ensured; meanwhile, after welding is finished, due to the fact that the temperature is reduced, the size of the deformation clamping assembly is reduced, the welding clamping space is enlarged, and the constraint force applied to the metal plate to be welded is reduced, so that the welded metal plate is easy to take out, the situation that the plate is deformed and cracked due to the fact that the constraint force is larger than the actually needed acting force can be effectively prevented, the welding effect can be effectively guaranteed on the basis of guaranteeing deformation control in the plate welding process, and the welding efficiency is improved.

The embodiment of the invention also provides welding equipment which comprises the plate welding deformation control device. Therefore, the welding equipment has the advantages of high welding efficiency and good welding quality.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first plate welding deformation control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second plate welding deformation control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 100-plate welding deformation control device; 101-a base plate; 103-metal plates to be welded; 105-a welding fixture; 107-deforming the clamping assembly; 109-a first plate; 111-a second plate; 113-a first deformation block; 115-a second deformation block; 117-a constraint component; 119-a first constraint block; 121-second constraint block.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first plate welding deformation control device 100 according to this embodiment. Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a plate welding deformation control device 100, which is mainly used for clamping a metal plate 103 to be welded during the welding process of the metal plate 103 to be welded, wherein the metal plate 103 to be welded is usually selected to be a thin plate to prevent the metal plate 103 to be welded from deforming during the welding process.

In detail, referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, the plate welding deformation control device 100 specifically includes a bottom plate 101 and a welding clamping mechanism 105.

Specifically, the base plate 101 is used to support the metal plate 103 to be welded, so that the metal plate 103 to be welded can stably perform a welding work by the support of the base plate 101. The base plate 101 may be a metal plate, for example, a red copper base plate 101, which is industrial pure copper with a melting point of 1083 ℃ and can ensure the normal operation of the welding operation.

Specifically, the welding clamping mechanism 105 is detachably connected with the base plate 101, and has a deformation clamping assembly 107 arranged opposite to the base plate 101 at a distance for clamping with the metal plate 103 to be welded placed on the base plate 101 to ensure the normal operation of the welding operation. Wherein a welding clamping space for clamping the metal plate 103 to be welded may be formed between the deformation clamping member 107 and the base plate 101, and the deformation clamping member 107 is configured to expand in volume at a high temperature to reduce the welding clamping space and contract in volume at a low temperature to increase the welding clamping space.

It should be noted that, the sheet welding deformation control device 100 can change the size of the welding clamping space according to the change of the temperature through the arrangement of the deformation clamping component 107, and when welding, due to the temperature rise, the volume of the deformation clamping component 107 expands to make the welding clamping space smaller, and the constraint force applied to the to-be-welded metal sheet 103 is increased, so that the to-be-welded metal sheet 103 is clamped more stably, and the deformation caused by the insufficient plate constraint force is effectively ensured; meanwhile, after welding is finished, due to the fact that temperature is reduced, the size of the deformation clamping assembly 107 is reduced, so that the welding clamping space is enlarged, and the constraint force applied to the metal plate 103 to be welded is reduced, so that the welded metal plate is easy to take out, the situation that the plate is deformed and cracked due to the fact that the constraint force is larger than the actually required acting force can be effectively prevented, the welding effect can be effectively guaranteed on the basis of guaranteeing deformation control in the plate welding process, and welding efficiency is improved.

It should be further noted that, in order to achieve the effects of high-temperature volume expansion and low-temperature volume contraction, the material of the deformation clamping component 107 may specifically adopt a shape memory alloy, and for the metal plates 103 to be welded of different materials, the material of the shape memory alloy may be adjusted according to requirements to meet welding requirements, for example, when the material of the metal plates 103 to be welded is a carbon steel material or stainless steel, the corresponding shape memory alloy may be selected from a nickel-titanium memory alloy, and the like, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, since two metal plates 103 to be welded need to be welded during normal welding, correspondingly, the bottom plate 101 is provided with a first placing area and a second placing area for placing the two metal plates 103 to be welded, which are arranged at intervals, and the first placing area and the second placing area may be convex or concave, which is not limited in the present embodiment. Meanwhile, the area formed by the portions to be welded of the two metal plates 103 to be welded is a welding area, and the deformation holding member 107 is disposed opposite to the welding area. Since there is a significant temperature change only in the areas to be welded of the two metal sheets 103 to be welded, disposing the deformation clamp assembly 107 only in this position avoids wasting material while achieving good effects of preventing deformation and cracking of the metal sheets. Of course, in other embodiments, the deformation clamping assembly 107 may be completely covered on the outer surface of the metal plate 103 to be welded along the length and width directions of the metal plate 103 to be welded, or the deformation clamping assembly 107 may be used in the area to be welded, and a conventional clamping assembly may be used in other areas, and the embodiment is not limited.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second sheet welding deformation control device 100 according to this embodiment. Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the bottom plate 101 is not a complete plate, and includes a first plate 109 and a second plate 111 spaced apart from each other in a horizontal direction, and a gap is formed between the first plate 109 and the second plate 111 and below the welding area to ensure normal operation of the welding operation. Meanwhile, the material of the first plate 109 and the second plate 111 is selected to be a red copper material. The first plate 109 forms a first placement area, the second plate 111 forms a second placement area, and the first plate 109 and the second plate 111 are respectively used for supporting one metal plate 103 to be welded so as to ensure the normal operation of the welding operation of the two metal plates 103 to be welded.

Correspondingly, the deformation clamping assembly 107 includes a first deformation block 113 and a second deformation block 115 located at the welding area, and each of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 has a rectangular strip structure, and the length thereof extends along the width direction of the base plate 101, that is, extends towards the inside of the figure. And the first deformation block 113 is in abutting fit with the portion to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded supported by the first plate 109, and the second deformation block 115 is in abutting fit with the portion to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded supported by the second plate 111. Because a large amount of heat is input to the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 in the welding process, the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 has a high deformation tendency, and meanwhile, the temperature rise also causes the shape change of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 made of the shape memory alloy, so that the volume expansion of the first deformation block and the second deformation block is realized, the size of the welding clamping space is reduced, the constraint force acting on the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 is improved, and the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 can be prevented or controlled from being deformed. Meanwhile, after welding is completed, along with the reduction of temperature, the shape of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 made of the shape memory alloy is changed again, the size of the first deformation block is reduced, the welding clamping space is increased, and therefore the constraint force acting on the part to be welded of the welded metal plate is reduced, and other unnecessary problems caused by the fact that the constraint force is larger than the actual requirement can be prevented, such as deformation, cracking and the like.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 again, in order to ensure the stability of clamping the metal plate 103 to be welded, the welding clamping mechanism 105 may further include a constraint component 117 as required, where the constraint component 117 is disposed on a side of the deformation clamping component 107 away from the bottom plate 101, and is configured to apply a force to the deformation clamping component 107, where the force abuts against the surface of the metal plate 103 to be welded.

In detail, the restraining assembly 117 includes a first restraining block 119 and a second restraining block 121 disposed at intervals in a horizontal direction. The first restraint block 119 and the second restraint block 121 also have a substantially rectangular parallelepiped elongated structure and extend in the width direction of the base plate 101. The first constraint block 119 is opposite to the first plate 109, the first constraint block 119 is detachably connected to the first plate 109 through a fastener, and the first deformation block 113 is located on one side of the first constraint block 119 close to the bottom plate 101 and is fixedly connected to the first constraint block 119. Similarly, the second constraining block 121 is opposite to the second plate 111 and detachably connected to the second plate 111 through a fastener, and the second deforming block 115 is located on one side of the second constraining block 121 close to the bottom plate 101 and fixedly connected to the second constraining block 121. The fastener can be specifically selected as a fastening screw, and through the arrangement, the matching relationship between the first constraint block 119 or the second constraint block 121 and the fastener can be adjusted, and the initial constraint force applied to the metal plate to be welded 103 at the corresponding position by the first constraint block 119 or the second constraint block 121 can be adjusted, so that the metal plate to be welded 103 caused by the overlarge constraint force is prevented from being deformed, meanwhile, the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 can be fully abutted against the surface of the metal plate to be welded 103, and the phenomena of deformation and cracking of the metal plate to be welded in the welding process and after the welding are avoided.

Specifically, in order to ensure that the first constraint block 119 and the second constraint block 121 can respectively apply acting force abutting against the surface of the metal plate 103 to be welded to the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115, the first constraint block 119 has a first fixed end and a first abutting end, the first abutting end is arranged adjacent to the second constraint block 121, the first fixed end is arranged away from the second constraint block 121, the first deformation block 113 is arranged at the first abutting end, and the first fixed end is detachably connected with the first plate 109 through a fastening bolt. Similarly, the second constraint block 121 has a second fixed end and a second abutting end, the second abutting end is disposed adjacent to the first constraint block 119, the second fixed end is disposed away from the first constraint block 119, the second deformation block 115 is disposed at the second abutting end, and the second fixed end is detachably connected to the second plate 111 through a fastening bolt. With such an arrangement, the constraining assembly 117 can apply a force to the deformation clamping assembly 107 which stably acts on the portion to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded, so that the portion to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded can be prevented from being deformed under the action of the expansion of its volume when the temperature rises during welding, and the portion to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded can be further prevented from being deformed or cracked under the action of the contraction of its volume when the temperature drops after the welding is finished, thereby further ensuring the welding quality and the welding efficiency.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 again, in the present embodiment, since the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 are both in a block shape before welding, in order to ensure the abutting matching effect between the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 and the metal plate 103 to be welded. The first deformation block 113 has a first abutting surface and a second abutting surface that are provided at intervals in the vertical direction, the first abutting surface is in abutting engagement with the first restraint block 119, and the second abutting surface is in abutting engagement with the metal plate 103 to be welded. Similarly, the second deformation block 115 has a third contact surface and a fourth contact surface that are provided at intervals in the vertical direction, the third contact surface is in contact with the second restraint block 121, and the fourth contact surface is in contact with the metal plate 103 to be welded. With this arrangement, before welding starts, the restraining force acting on the first deforming block 113 and the second deforming block 115 can be made appropriate and easy to adjust by adjusting the first restraining block 119 and the second restraining block 121, so that the metal plate 103 to be welded is prevented from being deformed by an excessive restraining force.

It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the installation positions, the installation numbers, and the shapes of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 can also be adjusted according to requirements, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.

The present embodiment also provides a welding device, which includes the above-mentioned plate welding deformation control device 100, and of course, the welding device also includes a welding mechanism, such as a welding head, etc., and after the metal plate 103 to be welded is clamped on the plate welding deformation control device 100, the welding operation can be directly performed by the welding mechanism, and meanwhile, since the structure of the welding mechanism is not modified in the present embodiment, the present embodiment will not be further described.

The following describes in detail the installation process and the operation principle of the plate welding deformation control device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention:

when the plate welding deformation control device 100 is installed, the bottom plate 101 may be fixed, then the metal plate 103 to be welded is installed on the bottom plate 101, then the first constraint block 119 and the second constraint block 121 of the constraint component 117 are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom plate 101, and the constraint force applied by the first constraint block 119 and the second constraint block 121 is adjusted, so that the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block abut against the outer side of the part to be welded of the metal plate 103 to be welded.

When the welding operation is performed, before the welding is started, the first restraining block 119 and the second restraining block 121 can be adjusted, so that the restraining force acting on the first deforming block 113 and the second deforming block 115 is proper and convenient to adjust, and the metal plate 103 to be welded is prevented from being deformed due to the excessive restraining force; then, a large amount of heat is input to the to-be-welded portion of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 during welding, so that the to-be-welded portion of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 has a high deformation tendency, and at the same time, the temperature is increased to cause the shape of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 made of the shape memory alloy to change, so that the volume of the first deformation block and the second deformation block expands, the size of the welding clamping space is reduced, the constraint force acting on the to-be-welded portion of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 is improved, and the to-be-welded portion of the to-be-welded metal plate 103 can be prevented or controlled from being deformed. Meanwhile, after welding is completed, along with the reduction of temperature, the shape of the first deformation block 113 and the second deformation block 115 made of the shape memory alloy is changed again, the size of the first deformation block is reduced, the welding clamping space is increased, and therefore the constraint force acting on the part to be welded of the welded metal plate is reduced, and other unnecessary problems caused by the fact that the constraint force is larger than the actual requirement can be prevented, such as deformation, cracking and the like.

In the above process, the plate welding deformation control device 100 can change the size of the welding clamping space according to the change of the temperature through the arrangement of the deformation clamping component 107, and the volume of the deformation clamping component 107 expands to reduce the welding clamping space and increase the constraint force applied to the metal plate 103 to be welded due to the temperature rise during welding, so that the metal plate 103 to be welded is clamped more stably, and the deformation caused by the insufficient plate constraint force is effectively ensured; meanwhile, after welding is finished, due to the fact that temperature is reduced, the size of the deformation clamping assembly 107 is reduced, so that the welding clamping space is enlarged, and the constraint force applied to the metal plate 103 to be welded is reduced, so that the welded metal plate is easy to take out, the situation that the plate is deformed and cracked due to the fact that the constraint force is larger than the actually required acting force can be effectively prevented, the welding effect can be effectively guaranteed on the basis of guaranteeing deformation control in the plate welding process, and welding efficiency is improved.

In summary, the plate welding deformation control device 100 and the welding equipment provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages of high welding efficiency and good welding quality.

The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A panel welding deformation control device, characterized by comprising:

a base plate (101) for supporting a metal plate (103) to be welded;

the welding clamping mechanism (105) is detachably connected with the base plate (101), comprises a deformation clamping component (107), the deformation clamping component (107) is arranged opposite to the base plate (101) at a distance, a welding clamping space used for clamping the metal plate (103) to be welded is formed between the deformation clamping component (107) and the base plate (101), and the deformation clamping component (107) is configured to expand in volume at high temperature so as to reduce the welding clamping space and contract in volume at low temperature so as to increase the welding clamping space;

during welding, due to temperature rise, the deformation clamping assembly (107) expands in volume to enable the welding clamping space to be smaller, and the constraint force applied to the metal plate to be welded (103) is increased, so that the metal plate to be welded (103) is clamped more stably;

after welding is finished, the deformation clamping assembly (107) is reduced in volume due to temperature reduction, so that the welding clamping space becomes large, the constraint force applied to the metal plate (103) to be welded is reduced, and the welded metal plate is easy to take out.

2. The plate welding deformation control device according to claim 1, wherein:

the bottom plate (101) comprises a first placing area and a second placing area which are used for placing two metal plates (103) to be welded at intervals, the area formed by the parts to be welded of the two metal plates (103) to be welded is a welding area, and the deformation clamping assembly (107) is arranged right opposite to the welding area.

3. The plate welding deformation control device according to claim 2, wherein:

the bottom plate (101) comprises a first plate (109) and a second plate (111) which are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the first plate (109) forms the first placement area, the second plate (111) forms the second placement area, and the first plate (109) and the second plate (111) are respectively used for supporting one metal plate (103) to be welded; the deformation clamping assembly (107) comprises a first deformation block (113) and a second deformation block (115) which are located in the welding area, the first deformation block (113) is in butt fit with a part to be welded of the metal plate to be welded (103) supported by the first plate (109), and the second deformation block (115) is in butt fit with a part to be welded of the metal plate to be welded (103) supported by the second plate (111).

4. The plate welding deformation control device according to claim 3, wherein:

the welding clamping mechanism (105) further comprises a restraining component (117), wherein the restraining component (117) is arranged on one side, away from the bottom plate (101), of the deformation clamping component (107) and is used for applying acting force, abutting against the surface of the metal plate (103) to be welded, to the deformation clamping component (107).

5. The plate welding deformation control device of claim 4, wherein:

the constraint assembly (117) comprises a first constraint block (119) and a second constraint block (121) which are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, the first constraint block (119) is opposite to the first plate (109) and is detachably connected with the first plate (109) through a fastener, and the first deformation block (113) is positioned on one side of the first constraint block (119) close to the bottom plate (101) and is fixedly connected with the first constraint block (119); the second constraint block (121) is opposite to the second plate (111) and detachably connected with the second plate (111) through a fastener, and the second deformation block (115) is located on one side, close to the bottom plate (101), of the second constraint block (121) and fixedly connected with the second constraint block (121).

6. The plate welding deformation control device of claim 5, wherein:

the first restraining block (119) has a first fixed end and a first abutting end, the first abutting end is arranged adjacent to the second restraining block (121), the first fixed end is arranged away from the second restraining block (121), the first deforming block (113) is located at the first abutting end, and the first fixed end is detachably connected with the first plate (109) through a fastener;

the second constraint block (121) is provided with a second fixed end and a second butt end, the second butt end is adjacent to the first constraint block (119), the second fixed end is far away from the first constraint block (119), the second deformation block (115) is located at the second butt end, and the second fixed end is detachably connected with the second plate (111) through a fastener.

7. The plate welding deformation control device of claim 5, wherein:

the first deformation block (113) and the second deformation block (115) are both in a square shape before welding, the first deformation block (113) is provided with a first abutting surface and a second abutting surface which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, the first abutting surface is abutted and matched with the first constraint block (119), and the second abutting surface is abutted and matched with the metal plate (103) to be welded; the second deformation block (115) is provided with a third abutting surface and a fourth abutting surface which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, the third abutting surface is in abutting fit with the second constraint block (121), and the fourth abutting surface is in abutting fit with the metal plate (103) to be welded.

8. The plate welding deformation control device according to claim 3, wherein:

the first deformation block (113) and the second deformation block (115) are made of shape memory alloy.

9. The apparatus for controlling welding deformation of a plate material according to claim 8, wherein:

when the metal plate (103) to be welded is made of carbon steel or stainless steel, the shape memory alloy is nickel-titanium memory alloy.

10. A welding apparatus, characterized in that it comprises a sheet welding deformation control device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.