CN111451470B - Wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111451470B CN111451470B CN202010296617.8A CN202010296617A CN111451470B CN 111451470 B CN111451470 B CN 111451470B CN 202010296617 A CN202010296617 A CN 202010296617A CN 111451470 B CN111451470 B CN 111451470B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
- C23C8/50—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof. The cylinder sleeve obtained by the invention has good hardness, small friction coefficient and higher corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The working environment of the cylinder sleeve is extremely severe, and the surface of the cylinder sleeve is subjected to strong frictional wear in a high-temperature environment, and particularly, the wet cylinder sleeve is also subjected to electrochemical corrosion. At present, the technical development of cylinder liners at home and abroad is mainly focused on 1, the development of cylinder liner materials: the cylinder sleeve materials researched and developed at home and abroad comprise boron alloy cast iron, copper-chromium-molybdenum cast iron, bainite cast iron, high-strength synthetic cast iron and QT70 nodular cast iron; 2. surface treatment techniques are developed, such as phosphating, nitriding, plating, coating, quenching, and the like. The development of new materials is a long-term process, and the development of new materials is expected to obtain wide market acceptance in a short time, so that the development of new materials is very difficult. Therefore, modification by surface treatment is a more practical approach, but currently, most factories use a single surface treatment technique.
At present, the technologies of surface phosphorization, plating and the like have certain limitations due to easy pollution. Most of the cylinder sleeves are hardened by adopting a surface quenching process. The surface quenching process generally comprises laser quenching, plasma quenching and high-frequency quenching. Laser equipment and plasma quenching equipment are expensive and large in size, and have high technical requirements on operators, so that the production cost is high, and enterprises cannot bear the high production cost. The induction heating surface quenching is a quenching method which utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to generate induction current with high density on the surface of a workpiece, rapidly heats the workpiece to an austenite state, and then rapidly cools the workpiece to obtain a martensite structure. However, in practical production, this technique has disadvantages such that since the thermal stress and the structural stress of the induction hardening are much larger than those of the laser or plasma hardening, the induction hardening is followed by low-temperature tempering to reduce the residual stress and brittleness and to improve the toughness, so that some of the hardness obtained at the time of hardening is lost. Meanwhile, the surface high-frequency quenching is difficult to solve the electrochemical corrosion problem in the service process of the wet cylinder sleeve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof, and the obtained cylinder sleeve has good hardness, small friction coefficient and higher corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve comprises a cylinder sleeve body and a QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) seepage layer of an inner hole, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) centrifugal casting: adding scrap steel and foundry returns into scrap iron, adding a proper amount of alloy, adding a carburant accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the furnace charge for carburant, adding SiC accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the furnace charge for secondary carburant after melting down, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ for smelting, adding a rare earth ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the furnace charge for inoculation for 20-50s, discharging, carrying out variable frequency centrifugal casting, demoulding and material detection to obtain a cylinder sleeve body;
2) QPQ (quench-polish-quench) treatment: after an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface of the obtained cylinder sleeve body are cleaned, preheating for half an hour at 350-; then nitriding the cylinder sleeve body in a nitriding furnace filled with bath salt; after nitriding is finished, the material is placed in an oxidation furnace for primary oxidation treatment, and then secondary oxidation treatment is carried out after polishing;
3) high-frequency quenching: cleaning to remove dirt on the surface of the cylinder sleeve after QPQ treatment, and then carrying out high-frequency quenching on the cylinder sleeve;
4) and finally, performing appearance inspection (cracks), low-temperature tempering (preventing cracks from appearing in the cylinder sleeve during storage and transportation), and magnetic flaw detection (microcracks).
The cylinder sleeve body comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight and the content of the chemical components is 100 percent: 3.0 to 3.4 percent of C, 2.2 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of S, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable trace impurities.
The variable-frequency centrifugal casting method in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
a) heating a mould: preheating a mould to 200-300 ℃;
b) spraying a coating: stirring and mixing 8-10 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 2-3 parts by weight of quartz powder, 5-9 parts by weight of argil, 4-6 parts by weight of silica sol and water until the specific gravity of the obtained coating is 1.1-1.2, and then spraying by atomization until the thickness of the coating is 0.03-0.05 mm;
c) pouring molten iron;
d) and (6) cooling.
The bath salt used in the nitriding treatment in the step 2) is carbonateAt least one of chloride and cyanate, wherein the content of cyanate is kept at 32-38% [ Na ]+]/[K+]=1:1 to 1: 2; the cyanate is sodium cyanate or potassium cyanate, the carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, and the chloride is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
The temperature of the nitriding treatment in the step 2) is controlled at 550-640 ℃ for 90-180 min.
The oxidizing salt used in the oxidation treatment in the step 2) is a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 5;
the temperature of the oxidation treatment is controlled at 350-400 ℃, and the time is 15-30 min.
The temperature of the high-frequency quenching in the step 3) is controlled at 1050 ℃ of 800-.
The temperature of the low-temperature tempering in the step 4) is 350-500 ℃, and the time is 60-80 min.
The existing cylinder sleeve process is generally centrifugal casting, and only high-frequency quenching is adopted for improving the hardness (the surface hardness is about 48HRC and is about 490 HV), or only a QPQ process is adopted for improving the corrosion resistance and the hardness. In the preparation of the wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve, through QPQ treatment and high-frequency quenching, a QPQ infiltrated layer wrapped in the quenched layer can be used for strengthening the quenched layer, so that the surface hardness of the cylinder sleeve reaches more than 820HV (equivalent to 60 HRC), and meanwhile, the wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve has the characteristics of reducing the friction coefficient and improving the corrosion resistance, and through a 300-hour neutral salt spray experiment, no rust spots appear (if high-temperature quenching is carried out firstly and then QPQ treatment is carried out, the treatment temperature of the QPQ process is 580 ℃, the formed quenched layer is softened, and the surface hardness of the product is only 450 HV).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the case of examining the penetrated bond using a Rockwell hardness tester.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve comprises a cylinder sleeve body and a QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) seepage layer of an inner hole, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) centrifugal casting: adding 40kg of scrap iron, 50kg of scrap steel and 175kg of foundry returns into a furnace, adding 0.5kg of ferrochrome, adding a carburant accounting for 1% of the weight of the furnace for carburation, adding SiC accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the furnace for secondary carburation after melting down, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ for smelting, adding a rare earth ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.3% of the weight of the furnace for inoculation for 30s, discharging, carrying out variable frequency centrifugal casting, demoulding and material detection to obtain a cylinder sleeve body;
2) QPQ (quench-polish-quench) treatment: cleaning an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface of the obtained cylinder sleeve body, and preheating for 30min at 400 ℃; then nitriding the cylinder sleeve body in a nitriding furnace filled with bath salt, wherein the nitriding temperature is controlled at 580 ℃ for 180 min; after nitriding is finished, the material is placed in an oxidation furnace for primary oxidation treatment, and then secondary oxidation treatment is carried out after polishing; the oxidizing salt used in the oxidation treatment is a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to a ratio of 1:4 (w/w), and the temperature of the oxidation treatment is controlled at 400 ℃ for 20 min;
3) high-frequency quenching: cleaning to remove dirt on the surface of the cylinder sleeve after QPQ treatment, and then performing high-frequency quenching on the cylinder sleeve, wherein the heating temperature is about 950 ℃, and the heating time is 6 s;
4) and finally, performing appearance inspection (cracks), low-temperature tempering (preventing cracks from appearing in the cylinder sleeve during storage and transportation), and magnetic flaw detection (microcracks).
The cylinder sleeve body comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight and the content of the chemical components is 100 percent: 3.21% of C, 2.61% of Si, 0.65% of Mn, 0.11% of P, 0.12% of S, 0.31% of Cr, 0.93% of Cu, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable trace impurities.
Step 1) the variable-frequency centrifugal casting is to preheat a mould to 300 ℃; then stirring and mixing 9 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 3 parts by weight of quartz powder, 7 parts by weight of argil, 5 parts by weight of silica sol and water until the specific gravity of the obtained coating is 1.15, and spraying by atomization to enable the thickness of the coating to be 0.03-0.05 mm; and cooling after pouring the molten iron.
The bath salt used in the step 2) is composed of sodium cyanate and potassium chloride, wherein the content of cyanate is 36.3%, [ Na%+]/[K+]=1:1。
The temperature of the low-temperature tempering in the step 4) is 400 ℃, and the time is 60 min.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the case of examining the penetrated bond using a Rockwell hardness tester. As can be seen from FIG. 1, there was no extensive cracking and peeling around the indentation, which proved that the penetrated layer was well bonded.
Comparative example
1) Weighing 180kg of pig iron, 70kg of scrap steel, 12kg of carburant, 1kg of ferromanganese, 2kg of ferrophosphorus and 0.8kg of ferrochrome;
2) adding pig iron into a furnace, adding a carburant accounting for 60% of the raw material amount for carburant, then adding scrap steel and the rest carburant for secondary carburant, adding ferromanganese, ferrophosphorus and ferrochrome after melting, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ for smelting, adding a rare earth ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.3% of the weight of furnace charge for inoculation for 30s, then discharging from the furnace, and obtaining a cylinder sleeve body through variable-frequency centrifugal casting, demolding and material detection;
3) carrying out high-frequency quenching on the cylinder sleeve, wherein the heating temperature is about 950 ℃, and the heating time is 6 s;
4) and finally, performing appearance inspection (cracks), low-temperature tempering (preventing cracks from appearing in the cylinder sleeve during storage and transportation), and magnetic flaw detection (microcracks).
The cylinder sleeve body comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight and the content of the chemical components is 100 percent: 3.25% of C, 2.45% of Si, 0.46% of Mn, 0.23% of P, 0.11% of S, 0.38% of Cr, 0.82% of Cu, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable trace impurities
As a result, the comparative example obtained an as-cast surface hardness of 490HV, while the examples obtained a surface hardness of 828 HV, which is 124.4% higher than that of the comparative example. The as-cast surface coefficient of friction obtained in the comparative example was 0.3621, while the coefficient of friction obtained in the example was 0.3231, which is a 10.8% reduction over the comparative example.
The results of the corrosion resistance test at 70 ℃ with 30% sulfuric acid are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Corrosion resistance test
As can be seen from the above, the cylinder sleeve comprises a cylinder sleeve body and a QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) seeping layer of an inner hole, the hardness of the seeping layer can reach more than 820HV, and the cylinder sleeve has the characteristics of reducing the friction coefficient and improving the corrosion resistance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a wear-resisting alloy cast iron cylinder liner, includes cylinder liner body and QPQ oozes the layer, its characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) centrifugal casting: adding scrap steel and foundry returns into scrap iron, adding a proper amount of alloy, adding a carburant accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the furnace charge for carburant, adding SiC accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the furnace charge for secondary carburant after melting down, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ for smelting, adding a rare earth ferrosilicon inoculant accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the furnace charge for inoculation for 20-50s, discharging, carrying out variable frequency centrifugal casting, demoulding and material detection to obtain a cylinder sleeve body;
2) QPQ treatment: after an oxidation film and oil stains on the surface of the obtained cylinder sleeve body are cleaned, preheating for half an hour at 350-; then nitriding the cylinder sleeve body; after nitriding is finished, the material is placed in an oxidation furnace for primary oxidation treatment, and then secondary oxidation treatment is carried out after polishing;
3) high-frequency quenching: cleaning to remove dirt on the surface of the cylinder sleeve after QPQ treatment, and then carrying out high-frequency quenching on the cylinder sleeve;
4) finally, performing appearance inspection, low-temperature tempering and magnetic flaw detection;
the bath salt used in the nitriding treatment in the step 2) consists of chloride and cyanate, wherein the content of cyanate is kept between 32 and 38 percent, and the Na content+]/[K+]=1:1 to 1: 2; the cyanate is sodium cyanate or potassium cyanate, soThe chloride salt is sodium chloride or potassium chloride;
the oxidizing salt used in the oxidation treatment is a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 5;
the temperature of the high-frequency quenching in the step 3) is controlled at 800-.
2. The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder liner as recited in claim 1, wherein: the cylinder sleeve body comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight and the content of the chemical components is 100 percent: 3.0 to 3.4 percent of C, 2.2 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of S, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable trace impurities.
3. The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder liner as recited in claim 1, wherein: the variable-frequency centrifugal casting method in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
a) heating a mould: preheating a mould to 200-300 ℃;
b) spraying a coating: stirring and mixing 8-10 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 2-3 parts by weight of quartz powder, 5-9 parts by weight of argil, 4-6 parts by weight of silica sol and water until the specific gravity of the obtained coating is 1.1-1.2, and then spraying by atomization until the thickness of the coating is 0.03-0.05 mm;
c) pouring molten iron;
d) and (6) cooling.
4. The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder liner as recited in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the nitriding treatment in the step 2) is controlled at 550-640 ℃ for 90-180 min.
5. The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder liner as recited in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the oxidation treatment in the step 2) is controlled at 350-400 ℃, and the time is 15-30 min.
6. The wear-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder liner as recited in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the low-temperature tempering in the step 4) is 350-500 ℃, and the time is 60-80 min.
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| CN104353976A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-18 | 江阴尚爵回转驱动制造有限公司 | Slewing bearing machining and heat treatment process |
| CN105441865A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 成都锦汇科技有限公司 | QPQ treatment process suitable for cylinder sleeve |
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| CN104353976A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-18 | 江阴尚爵回转驱动制造有限公司 | Slewing bearing machining and heat treatment process |
| CN105441865A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 成都锦汇科技有限公司 | QPQ treatment process suitable for cylinder sleeve |
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| Title |
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| 用废钢熔制高强度合成铸铁缸套的研制实践;林龙生，程超增;《机电技术》;20040430;第75-77页 * |
| 硼铸铁缸套QPQ盐浴复合处理的组织和性能研究;熊光耀，何柏林，邹瑞;《铸造》;20071231;第1320-1323页 * |
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