CN111447459B - Rtmp self-adaptive code rate realizing method - Google Patents
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- CN111447459B CN111447459B CN202010405837.XA CN202010405837A CN111447459B CN 111447459 B CN111447459 B CN 111447459B CN 202010405837 A CN202010405837 A CN 202010405837A CN 111447459 B CN111447459 B CN 111447459B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
- H04N21/2187—Live feed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234381—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering the temporal resolution, e.g. decreasing the frame rate by frame skipping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
- H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
- H04N21/440281—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by altering the temporal resolution, e.g. by frame skipping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing rtmp self-adaptive code rate. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the SVC coding support at the push stream end: based on a packaging rule of a rtmp protocol, pushing all data containing SVC coding information out in a video Specdata part, and pushing a video packet containing all layered coding data in a video data part; and (3) processing by the server side: analyzing data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information; and (3) processing at a playing end: analyzing the received data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information, selecting an initial code rate, interacting with a server, and performing self-adaptive code rate; self-adaptive processing of a plug flow end: the number of coded SVC layers is increased or decreased according to the change of a specific network. The invention has the beneficial effects that: obtaining the best plug flow effect and playing experience according to the network condition and the equipment capability; the method can be achieved through one-time coding, and the occupation of coding end/server and bandwidth resources is greatly reduced while the delay is not increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the related technical field of streaming media live broadcast, in particular to a rtmp self-adaptive code rate implementation method.
Background
With the development of internet technology and the improvement of device capabilities, various mobile devices become the mastery force for the production and consumption of live content. In various streaming media live broadcast protocols, because RTMP is established at one time, the delay is small, and the RTMP becomes the mainstream choice of the streaming media live broadcast, however, RTMP lacks the code rate self-adaptive technology similar to HTTP DASH, HLS and the like, and for a playing end using mobile equipment, because the push stream end adopts the preset relatively constant push stream code rate, in the scene of position change and network fluctuation, the playing is easy to be blocked, and the watching experience is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a realization method of rtmp self-adaptive code rate without pause in order to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rtmp self-adaptive code rate realizing method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the SVC coding support at the push stream end: based on a packaging rule of a rtmp protocol, pushing all data containing SVC coding information out in a video Specdata part, and pushing a video packet containing all layered coding data in a video data part;
(2) and (3) processing by the server side: analyzing data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information;
(3) and (3) processing at a playing end: analyzing the received data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information, selecting an initial code rate, interacting with a server, and performing self-adaptive code rate;
(4) self-adaptive processing of a plug flow end: the number of coded SVC layers is increased or decreased according to the change of a specific network.
A code rate self-adaptive technology based on SVC (scalable video coding) coding is provided, which is suitable for streaming media live broadcast based on RTMP protocol, and can obtain the best streaming effect and playing experience according to network conditions and equipment capability by adding the self-adaptive code rate technology. Because the common multi-stream technology is that the coding end is based on multi-time coding and combines various frame rates, resolutions and different qualities to code a plurality of code streams, or the server end transcodes a single code stream into a multi-stream, the coding technology based on SVC can be achieved through one-time coding, and the occupation of the coding end/server and bandwidth resources is greatly reduced while the delay is not increased.
Preferably, in the step (1), the specific operation method is as follows:
(11) the codec continues to use the AVC type definition of 264 to ensure the compatibility of the player;
(12) adding extension information related to video coding into the metadata data block to enable a server to obtain specific SVC coding information, defining SVC coder (true), identifying that the SVC coder is an SVC coding mode, and adding description information related to SVC layered coding;
(13) based on the packaging rule of rtmp protocol, all SPS, SSPS and PPS data containing SVC coding information are pushed out in the video Speeccdata part, and video packets containing all layered coding data are pushed in the video data part.
Preferably, in step (2), after receiving the SVC type stream, the server performs the following processing:
(21) analyzing the metadata data, and identifying that the data is SVC coding according to SVCEncoder ═ true;
(22) analyzing metadata data, and acquiring all layered information of the SVC code stream through a key/value pair;
(23) and analyzing the SPS, the SSPS and the PPS in the video stream to construct layered coding.
Preferably, in step (3), the play-end process is as follows:
(31) when a playing end requests a corresponding SVC code stream, the playing end is connected to a server end firstly;
(32) the playing end analyzes the received metadata packet, judges the packet is SVC coding and records related layered coding information;
(33) the playing end selects the initial code rate and interacts with the server;
(34) the self-adaptive code rate of the playing end is detected by the gradual code rate, and better playing quality is obtained.
Preferably, in step (33), the specific operation method is as follows:
(331) the playing end selects an initial code rate according to the strategy, constructs a play request, sends the play request to the server end, and sets the code rate as the current playing target bandwidth;
(332) the server selects the number of layers of the video code stream to be issued according to the parameters of the play, and data higher than the number of the layers is required to be discarded;
(333) the server only issues data containing the SVC base layer, and the compatible playing of the playing end is ensured.
Preferably, in step (34), the adaptive bitrate mechanism of the playing end is specifically:
(341) taking one received gop of the SVC code stream as a time unit, calculating the download bandwidth in the current gop time period, and simultaneously recording the playing card pause condition in the current time period;
(342) before a new gop is received, a playing end checks the pause condition of the previous period, if yes, according to the download bandwidth of the previous period and the SVC layered multi-code rate information, a new matching code rate is selected, a play2 request is sent to a server end, and the server end updates video data needing to be sent according to the parameters of the play 2;
(343) if the playing end in the previous period is not blocked, the playing end tries to select a code rate which is one step larger, a play2 request is initiated, and better playing quality is obtained through gradual code rate upward detection.
Preferably, in step (4), the adaptive code rate mechanism of the stream pushing end is specifically: the same as the self-adaptive code rate mechanism of the playing end, the number of coded SVC layers is increased or reduced according to the change of a specific network, the new metadata description and the coding parameters SPS, SSPS and PPS of 264 are required to be reflected, the server end directly connected with the stream pushing end needs to detect the change of the coding parameters in real time, the playing end receives the updated metadata and SVC coding parameters, and records of layered coding information are modified to serve as the basis of the self-adaptive code rate strategy of the subsequent playing end.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is suitable for streaming media live broadcast based on the RTMP protocol, and can obtain the best stream pushing effect and playing experience according to the network condition and equipment capability by adding the self-adaptive code rate technology; the SVC-based coding technology can be achieved through one-time coding, and the occupation of coding end/server and bandwidth resources is greatly reduced while the delay is not increased.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments.
A rtmp self-adaptive code rate realizing method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the SVC coding support at the push stream end: based on a packaging rule of a rtmp protocol, pushing all data containing SVC coding information out in a video Specdata part, and pushing a video packet containing all layered coding data in a video data part;
the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(11) the codec continues to use the AVC type definition of 264 to ensure the compatibility of the player;
(12) adding the extended information related to video coding in the metadata data block to make the server side know the specific SVC coding information:
(a) defining SVCEncoder ═ true, and identifying that the SVC coding mode is adopted;
(b) the description information related to SVC layered coding is added, taking the temporal layer (frame rate) as 2 and the spatial layer (resolution) as 3 as an example, and is described as follows:
Resolution：320x240，Framerate：15fps，Bitrate:125kbps
Resolution：320x240，Framerate：30fps，Bitrate:250kbps
Resolution：640x480，Framerate：15fps，Bitrate:350kbps
Resolution：640x480，Framerate：30fps，Bitrate:700kbps
Resolution：1080x720，Framerate：30fps，Bitrate:900kbps
Resolution：1080x720，Framerate：15fps，Bitrate:1500kbps
(13) based on the packaging rule of rtmp protocol, all SPS, SSPS and PPS data containing SVC coding information are pushed out in the video Speeccdata part, and video packets containing all layered coding data are pushed in the video data part.
(2) And (3) processing by the server side: analyzing data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information;
after receiving the SVC type stream, taking the SVC stream with the time domain layer 2 and the space domain layer 3 as an example, the server performs the following processing:
(21) analyzing the metadata data, and identifying that the data is SVC coding according to SVCEncoder ═ true;
(22) analyzing metadata data, and acquiring all layered information of the SVC code stream through a key/value pair;
(23) and analyzing SPS, SSPS and PPS in the video stream, and constructing the corresponding relation between the layered coding and the DTQ (following SVC specification, describing a time domain layer by using T, describing a space domain layer by using D and describing a quality layer by using Q).
The selective distribution of video data after metadata depends on the interaction with the playback end.
(3) And (3) processing at a playing end: analyzing the received data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information, selecting an initial code rate, interacting with a server, and performing self-adaptive code rate;
the play end processes as follows:
(31) when a playing end requests a corresponding SVC code stream, the playing end is connected to a server end (for convenience of explanation, only the processing of media nodes directly connected with a stream pushing end, a stream pulling end/the playing end, CDN scheduling and media node cluster related strategies are omitted);
(32) the playing end analyzes the received metadata packet, judges the packet is SVC coding and records related layered coding information;
(33) the playing end selects the initial code rate and interacts with the server; the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(331) the playing end selects an initial code rate according to a strategy, for example, a code rate sequence from 125K to 1500K in the table, selects a code rate of 900K, constructs a play request, sends the play request to the service end by taking streamnamebitrate as 1500K as a parameter, and sets the code rate as the current playing target bandwidth;
(332) the server selects the layer number of the DTQ of the video code stream to be issued according to the play parameter and the DTQ table, for example, the DTQ (2,0,0) of the layer4 corresponding to the code rate of 900k, and the data higher than the layer number of the layer5 needs to be discarded;
(333) the server only issues data containing an SVC base layer, and the compatible playing of a playing end is ensured; for the player side parameter not? The play request of bitrate, xxx, is considered as not supporting SVC coding. .
(34) The self-adaptive code rate of the playing end is detected by the gradual code rate to obtain better playing quality; the adaptive code rate mechanism of the playing end is specifically as follows:
(341) taking one received gop of the SVC code stream as a time unit, calculating the download bandwidth in the current gop time period, and simultaneously recording the playing card pause condition in the current time period;
(342) before a new gop is received, a playing end checks the pause condition of the previous period, if yes, according to the download bandwidth of the previous period and the multi-code rate information of SVC layering, a new matching code rate is selected, a play2 request is sent to a service end by streamnability, and the service end updates video data needing to be sent according to the parameters of play2 and the mapping relation of a DTQ table;
(343) if the playing end in the previous period is not blocked, the playing end tries to select a code rate which is one step larger, a play2 request is initiated, and better playing quality is obtained through gradual code rate upward detection.
(4) Self-adaptive processing of a plug flow end: the push flow of the mobile terminal also has the condition of network fluctuation, and the number of coded SVC layers is increased or reduced according to the change of a specific network; the stream pushing end adaptive code rate mechanism specifically comprises: the same as the self-adaptive code rate mechanism of the playing end, the number of coded SVC layers is increased or reduced according to the change of a specific network, the new metadata description and the coding parameters SPS, SSPS and PPS of 264 are required to be reflected, the server end directly connected with the stream pushing end needs to detect the change of the coding parameters in real time, the corresponding DTQ mapping relation is modified, the playing end receives the updated metadata and SVC coding parameters, and records of layered coding information are modified to serve as the basis of the self-adaptive code rate strategy of the subsequent playing end.
Other current coding formats supporting SVC include vp8 and vp9 in the vpx series, and since the standard RTMP protocol does not include vpx in the codec definition, the codec id of the video in the protocol needs to be defined separately. For example, codebid 13, vp 8; codebid 14, vp 9. For the new codec, the stream pushing end, the server and the playing end all need to be adapted correspondingly, and the processing mode of the code rate adaptive stream pushing and pulling based on the SVC is similar to h264 and is not described again.
The invention is suitable for streaming media live broadcast based on RTMP protocol, and can obtain the best stream pushing effect and playing experience according to network condition and equipment capability by adding the self-adaptive code rate technology. Because the common multi-stream technology is that the coding end is based on multi-time coding and combines various frame rates, resolutions and different qualities to code a plurality of code streams, or the server end transcodes a single code stream into a multi-stream, the coding technology based on SVC can be achieved through one-time coding, and the occupation of the coding end/server and bandwidth resources is greatly reduced while the delay is not increased.
It should be noted that SVC codec is not supported by hardware codec at present in mobile platform, and more performance is consumed by using soft codec and soft solution. In addition, the RTMP specification is established early and is not updated subsequently. Unless it becomes an industry standard, the adaptive code rate approach of SVC is only applicable to end-to-end systems that support the present defined rules.
Claims (3)
1. A rtmp self-adaptive code rate realizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the SVC coding support at the push stream end: based on a packaging rule of a rtmp protocol, pushing all data containing SVC coding information out in a video Specdata part, and pushing a video packet containing all layered coding data in a video data part; the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(11) the codec continues to use the AVC type definition of 264 to ensure the compatibility of the player;
(12) adding extension information related to video coding into the metadata data block to enable a server to obtain specific SVC coding information, defining SVC coder = true, identifying that the SVC coding mode is the SVC coding mode, and adding description information related to SVC layered coding;
(13) based on a packet rule of an rtmp protocol, pushing out all SPS, SSPS and PPS data containing SVC coding information in a video Speeccdata part, and pushing a video packet containing all layered coding data in a video data part;
(2) and (3) processing by the server side: analyzing data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information; after receiving the SVC type stream, the server performs the following processing:
(21) parsing the metadata data, and identifying that the data is SVC coding according to SVCEncoder = true;
(22) analyzing metadata data, and acquiring all layered information of the SVC code stream through a key/value pair;
(23) analyzing SPS, SSPS and PPS in the video stream to construct layered coding;
(3) and (3) processing at a playing end: analyzing the received data to obtain SVC coding information and all layered information, selecting an initial code rate, interacting with a server, and performing self-adaptive code rate; the play end processes as follows:
(31) when a playing end requests a corresponding SVC code stream, the playing end is connected to a server end firstly;
(32) the playing end analyzes the received metadata packet, judges the packet is SVC coding and records related layered coding information;
(33) the playing end selects the initial code rate and interacts with the server; the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(331) the playing end selects an initial code rate according to the strategy, constructs a play request, sends the play request to the server end, and sets the code rate as the current playing target bandwidth;
(332) the server selects the number of layers of the video code stream to be issued according to the parameters of the play, and data higher than the number of the layers is required to be discarded;
(333) regarding the play request without code rate of the parameters of the playing end as not supporting SVC coding; the server only issues data containing an SVC base layer, and the compatible playing of a playing end is ensured;
(34) the self-adaptive code rate of the playing end is detected by the gradual code rate to obtain better playing quality;
(4) self-adaptive processing of a plug flow end: the number of coded SVC layers is increased or decreased according to the change of a specific network.
2. The rtmp adaptive code rate implementing method according to claim 1, wherein in step (34), the adaptive code rate mechanism of the playing side is specifically:
(341) taking one received gop of the SVC code stream as a time unit, calculating the download bandwidth in the current gop time period, and simultaneously recording the playing card pause condition in the current time period;
(342) before a new gop is received, a playing end checks the pause condition of the previous period, if yes, according to the download bandwidth of the previous period and the SVC layered multi-code rate information, a new matching code rate is selected, a play2 request is sent to a server end, and the server end updates video data needing to be sent according to the parameters of the play 2;
(343) if the playing end in the previous period is not blocked, the playing end tries to select a code rate which is one step larger, a play2 request is initiated, and better playing quality is obtained through gradual code rate upward detection.
3. The method for realizing rtmp adaptive code rate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (4), the mechanism of adaptive code rate at the stream pushing end is specifically: the same as the self-adaptive code rate mechanism of the playing end, the number of coded SVC layers is increased or reduced according to the change of a specific network, the new metadata description and the coding parameters SPS, SSPS and PPS of 264 are required to be reflected, the server end directly connected with the stream pushing end needs to detect the change of the coding parameters in real time, the playing end receives the updated metadata and SVC coding parameters, and records of layered coding information are modified to serve as the basis of the self-adaptive code rate strategy of the subsequent playing end.
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