CN111447163B - Time slot blind synchronization method for WCDMA structure signal - Google Patents

Time slot blind synchronization method for WCDMA structure signal Download PDF

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CN111447163B
CN111447163B CN202010236349.0A CN202010236349A CN111447163B CN 111447163 B CN111447163 B CN 111447163B CN 202010236349 A CN202010236349 A CN 202010236349A CN 111447163 B CN111447163 B CN 111447163B
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time slot
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CN111447163A (en
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张�雄
潘晔
王沙飞
杨健
邵怀宗
林静然
利强
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Peng Cheng Laboratory
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2656—Frame synchronisation, e.g. packet synchronisation, time division duplex [TDD] switching point detection or subframe synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
    • H04L27/2669—Details of algorithms characterised by the domain of operation
    • H04L27/2671—Time domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
    • H04L27/2673—Details of algorithms characterised by synchronisation parameters
    • H04L27/2676—Blind, i.e. without using known symbols

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Abstract

The invention discloses a time slot blind synchronization method of WCDMA structure signal, which can utilize a characteristic decomposition algorithm to search a spectrum peak by a scheme of recording a maximum characteristic value or recording the difference between the maximum characteristic value and a second-largest characteristic value under the non-cooperative condition, and carry out blind estimation of a time slot starting point on a downlink signal of a WCDMA structure. By using the method of the invention, the time slot synchronization effect can be achieved even if the effect in the signal preprocessing stage is not ideal, namely the phase mismatch condition. Because the WCDMA signal structure requires the strong autocorrelation performance of the primary synchronization code, under the condition of similar channel structures, even if a non-cooperative party adopts a new primary synchronization code, the initial position of the time slot can be effectively estimated by using the scheme, and the time slot blind synchronization is completed. Because the characteristic decomposition is widely applied to the spread spectrum signal estimation of the direct spread spectrum signal, the method can also finish estimation and extraction of the primary synchronization code on the basis of time slot blind synchronization.

Description

Time slot blind synchronization method for WCDMA structure signal
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, and particularly relates to a time slot blind synchronization method for WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) structural signals.
Background
A mobile communication technology system based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is mature, communication systems in other fields use mature technology systems, so that the development period and cost can be greatly shortened, the anti-interference and high-capacity characteristics of a WCDMA structure can be utilized in the satellite communication field, and it is a great challenge to acquire information of communication signals of the WCDMA structure for a non-cooperative scene, where time slot synchronization plays an important role as the first process of a terminal receiving base station.
WCDMA formulates the primary synchronization code of each cell according to the protocol in mobile communication, and as long as the primary synchronization code is known, a matched filter can be generated to complete the time slot synchronization. However, in the non-cooperative context, it is unknown what the primary synchronization code used by the other party is, so that the slot synchronization cannot be performed according to the existing algorithm flow in the non-cooperative context. Synchronization without the knowledge of the PSC code requires a blind technique to achieve the slot synchronization effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the time slot blind synchronization method of the WCDMA structure signal provided by the invention solves the problem that the time slot synchronization of the downlink of the WCDMA communication structure used by the target party cannot be carried out according to the known flow under the condition of non-cooperative communication.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a time slot blind synchronization method of WCDMA structure signal includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring a baseband signal of a WCDMA downlink under a non-cooperative communication condition;
the baseband signals comprise I baseband signals and Q baseband signals;
s2, sampling the two paths of acquired baseband signals by integral multiple according to time slot time respectively, and dividing the sampled signals into matrixes X with the same length as PSC codes;
s3, performing characteristic decomposition on the matrixes X corresponding to the I baseband signals and the Q baseband signals, and recording characteristic values during each characteristic decomposition;
and S4, combining the characteristic values of the two paths of baseband signals during characteristic decomposition to obtain a characteristic decomposition result, and performing time slot starting point estimation to further realize time slot blind synchronization.
Further, in step S2, the method for dividing the I baseband signal or the Q baseband signal after sampling into the matrix X with the length equal to the PSC code specifically includes:
a1, determining the optimal sampling point of the sampled baseband signal by using the energy maximum principle, and intercepting N frame signals;
a2, converting 38400 × N data into a matrix A with the row number of 2560 and the column number of 15 × N;
a3, splicing the first 255bit data of the next column in the matrix A to the end of the previous column in sequence, and abandoning the last column to obtain a matrix with the row number of 2815 and the column number of 15 multiplied by N-1, namely the matrix X.
Further, the matrix X in step a3 is:
Figure BDA0002431106420000021
xijfor sampling data, subscript i is the number of data selected each time, and subscript j is the number of time slots used each time;
k is the total number of the used time slots;
n is the maximum number of data selected each time, and N is 256.
Further, the method for performing feature decomposition on the I baseband signal or the Q baseband signal in step S3 specifically includes:
s31, determining a sliding window with 256 rows and 15 multiplied by N-1 columns;
s32, determining approximate correlation matrix of intercepted data in each sliding window when constructing the matrix X
Figure BDA0002431106420000031
S33, approximating the correlation matrix for each pair in turn
Figure BDA0002431106420000032
And performing characteristic decomposition to obtain a corresponding characteristic value. Further, the approximate correlation matrix in the step S32
Figure BDA0002431106420000033
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002431106420000034
wherein E is desired;
[xxH]is a vector x and its conjugate transposed vector xHThe product of (a);
x is a vector formed by a column of data of the matrix X;
xkthe vector is formed by the kth column data of the matrix X, and the subscript k is the column number of the matrix X;
the superscript H is the conjugate matrix identifier.
Further, in the step S33, the approximate correlation matrix is matched
Figure BDA0002431106420000035
The formula for performing the feature decomposition is as follows:
Figure BDA0002431106420000036
in the formula, U is a feature matrix formed by feature vectors;
Λ is a diagonal matrix formed by characteristic values;
λithe index i is the characteristic value number;
n is the number of the characteristic values;
vithe characteristic vector corresponding to the characteristic value;
m is the number of eigenvalues of the signal subspace;
σnis the mean square error of the noise.
Further, in step S4, the feature decomposition result is:
Figure BDA0002431106420000041
further, the step S4 is specifically:
b1, drawing a corresponding waveform chart according to the maximum characteristic value of each characteristic decomposition;
and B2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn waveform diagram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
Further, the step S4 is specifically:
c1, drawing a corresponding waveform diagram according to the difference value between the maximum characteristic value and the second maximum characteristic value during each characteristic decomposition;
and C2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn oscillogram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the time slot blind synchronization method of the WCDMA structure signal can carry out the blind estimation of the time slot starting point on the downlink signal of the WCDMA structure by utilizing the characteristic decomposition algorithm and carrying out the spectrum peak search through the scheme of recording the maximum characteristic value or recording the difference between the maximum characteristic value and the second-largest characteristic value under the non-cooperative condition. By using the method of the invention, the time slot synchronization effect can be achieved even if the effect in the signal preprocessing stage is not ideal, namely the phase mismatch condition. Because the WCDMA signal structure requires the strong autocorrelation performance of the primary synchronization code, under the condition of similar channel structures, even if a non-cooperative party adopts a new primary synchronization code, the initial position of the time slot can be effectively estimated by using the scheme, and the time slot blind synchronization is completed. Because the characteristic decomposition is widely applied to the spread spectrum signal estimation of the direct spread spectrum signal, the method can also finish estimation and extraction of the primary synchronization code on the basis of time slot blind synchronization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a WCDMA downlink data generation process provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a time slot blind synchronization method for WCDMA structure signals according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blind synchronization process of a timeslot based on feature decomposition according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
The WCDMA downlink consists of multiple channels, with the exception of the synchronization channel, spread with the channels. Scrambling operation, after each channel passes through spread spectrum scrambling operation, the information flow of each channel is changed into pseudo-random data flow, so that the anti-interference capability of the system is strong; WCDMA downlink data generation process is shown in fig. 1;
from the data generation process of the downlink in fig. 1, the following points can be extracted as feasibility bases:
1) for the synchronous channel, the superposed signals of other channels after the spread spectrum scrambling operation can be used as noise interference;
2) the downlink physical channel has a timing relation, and the synchronous channel and the broadcast channel use time division multiplexing to reduce the interference components of the other channels;
3) the main synchronous code has strong autocorrelation, and based on the autocorrelation, the time slot synchronization can be carried out by utilizing a matched filter;
4) although the secondary synchronization codes at the same position as the primary synchronization codes can interfere with the injection synchronization codes in the generation process, the secondary synchronization codes are 16 and distributed in 15 time slots according to a fixed pattern, so that the interference of the secondary synchronization codes on the primary synchronization codes can be reduced under the condition of enough data quantity; for the primary synchronization channel, only the first 256 chips appear in each time slot, that is, the first 256 chips of each time slot are repeated continuously, because the IQ paths of the primary synchronization code are the same, a single path of data can be used for feature decomposition in theory to achieve the effect of time slot blind synchronization, and then the processing results of two paths of signals can be combined to improve the accuracy.
By analyzing the generation process of WCDMA downlink channel data, the method can obtain that the interference of the primary scrambling code is mainly noise interference, and because the primary scrambling code has strong autocorrelation, the method of the invention adopts a characteristic decomposition method to carry out blind estimation on the time slot starting point of the WCDMA downlink, and the specific method is shown in figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a baseband signal of a WCDMA downlink under a non-cooperative communication condition;
the baseband signals comprise I baseband signals and Q baseband signals;
s2, sampling the two paths of acquired baseband signals by integral multiple according to time slot time respectively, and dividing the sampled signals into matrixes X with the same length as PSC codes;
s3, performing characteristic decomposition on the matrixes X corresponding to the I baseband signals and the Q baseband signals, and recording characteristic values during each characteristic decomposition;
and S4, combining the characteristic values of the two paths of baseband signals during characteristic decomposition to obtain a characteristic decomposition result, and performing time slot starting point estimation to further realize time slot blind synchronization.
The method for dividing the sampled baseband signal into the matrix X with the same length as the PSC code in the above steps specifically comprises the following steps:
a1, determining the optimal sampling point of the sampled baseband signal by using the energy maximum principle, and intercepting N frame signals;
for example, the obtained baseband signal is 500MHz, but the WCDMA specification is 3.84Mcps, so that 500MHz can be converted into 96MHz, and then 96/3.84 equals 25, and one WCDMA signal of 3.84Mcps is obtained from the 25 signals according to the principle of maximum energy; in addition, one frame of the WCDMA is 38400 bits, one frame has 15 time slots, one time slot has 2560 bits, and N is generally 3-4;
a2, converting 38400 × N data into a matrix A with the row number of 2560 and the column number of 15 × N;
the length of a certain time slot is a column, and the N frames have 15 × N time slots;
a3, splicing the first 255bit data of the next column in the matrix A to the end of the previous column in sequence, and abandoning the last column to obtain a matrix with the row number of 2815 and the column number of 15 multiplied by N-1, namely the matrix X.
Specifically, in order to reduce the influence of the secondary synchronization code on the primary synchronization code and perform data calculation as little as possible, a signal of about 3 frames is generally taken, and 45 slots are total, and if 45 slot data are used, that is, N in the slot blind synchronization process based on feature decomposition in fig. 3 is 45; 2560 bits are available in one slot, so that 2560 slot starting points are possible, in order to ensure that the starting points can be correctly estimated, 2560 times of feature decomposition should be carried out, and 2305 bits after the 45 th slot are not used in practice;
the matrix X in the above step a3 is:
Figure BDA0002431106420000071
xijfor sampling data, subscript i is the number of data selected each time, and subscript j is the number of time slots used each time;
k is the total number of the used time slots;
n is the maximum number of data selected each time, and N is 256.
The method for performing feature decomposition on the I baseband signal or the Q baseband signal in step S3 specifically includes:
s31, determining a sliding window with 256 rows and 15 multiplied by N-1 columns;
s32, determining approximate correlation matrix of intercepted data in each sliding window when constructing the matrix X
Figure BDA0002431106420000073
S33, approximating the correlation matrix for each pair in turn
Figure BDA0002431106420000074
And performing characteristic decomposition to obtain a corresponding characteristic value.
The matrix X is data obtained by 256 sliding windows and is transformed, so that 2560 times of characteristic decomposition is needed when determining an approximate correlation matrix and performing characteristic decomposition;
in practical applications, since K is limited, the approximate correlation matrix of the received signal in step S32
Figure BDA0002431106420000075
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002431106420000072
wherein E is desired;
[xxH]is a vector x and its conjugate transposed vector xHThe product of (a);
x is a vector formed by a column of data of the matrix X;
xkthe vector is formed by the kth column data of the matrix X, and the subscript k is the column number of the matrix X;
the superscript H is the conjugate matrix identifier.
In the above step S33, the approximate correlation matrix is processed
Figure BDA0002431106420000081
The formula for performing the feature decomposition is as follows:
Figure BDA0002431106420000082
in the formula, U is a feature matrix formed by feature vectors;
Λ is a diagonal matrix formed by characteristic values;
λithe index i is the characteristic value number;
n is the number of the characteristic values;
vithe characteristic vector corresponding to the characteristic value;
m is the number of eigenvalues of the signal subspace;
σnis the mean square error of the noise.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002431106420000083
a description is given of a signal subspace,
Figure BDA0002431106420000084
a noise subspace is described.
In step S4, the feature decomposition result is:
Figure BDA0002431106420000085
the first m eigenvalues obtained by the characteristic decomposition are main eigenvalues, the main eigenvector corresponding to the main eigenvalue covers the main information of the original signal, and the PN code can be reconstructed through the main eigenvalue, so that the method can also estimate the PSC code under the condition of time slot blind synchronization;
in the present invention, there are two methods for estimating the slot starting point in the step S4, the first method is:
b1, drawing a corresponding waveform chart according to the maximum characteristic value of each characteristic decomposition;
and B2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn waveform diagram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
For the method, the method is feasible because other channels are noise interference to the synchronous channel, and the synchronous channel has strong autocorrelation and gain;
the second method is as follows:
c1, drawing a corresponding waveform diagram according to the difference value between the maximum characteristic value and the second maximum characteristic value during each characteristic decomposition;
and C2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn oscillogram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
For this method, it is considered that although the remaining channels are noisy with respect to the sync channel, the remaining channels also have gain and their spread is also a multiple of 256, so the use of a second eigenvalue will easily reflect the difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the time slot blind synchronization method of the WCDMA structure signal can carry out the blind estimation of the time slot starting point on the downlink signal of the WCDMA structure by utilizing the characteristic decomposition algorithm and carrying out the spectrum peak search through the scheme of recording the maximum characteristic value or recording the difference between the maximum characteristic value and the second-largest characteristic value under the non-cooperative condition. By using the method of the invention, the time slot synchronization effect can be achieved even if the effect in the signal preprocessing stage is not ideal, namely the phase mismatch condition. Because the WCDMA signal structure requires the strong autocorrelation performance of the primary synchronization code, under the condition of similar channel structures, even if a non-cooperative party adopts a new primary synchronization code, the initial position of the time slot can be effectively estimated by using the scheme, and the time slot blind synchronization is completed. Because the characteristic decomposition is widely applied to the spread spectrum signal estimation of the direct spread spectrum signal, the method can also finish estimation and extraction of the primary synchronization code on the basis of time slot blind synchronization.

Claims (6)

1. A time slot blind synchronization method of WCDMA structure signal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a baseband signal of a WCDMA downlink under a non-cooperative communication condition;
the baseband signals comprise I baseband signals and Q baseband signals;
s2, sampling the two paths of acquired baseband signals by integral multiple according to time slot time respectively, and dividing the sampled signals into matrixes X with the same length as PSC codes;
s3, performing characteristic decomposition on the matrixes X corresponding to the I baseband signals and the Q baseband signals, and recording characteristic values during each characteristic decomposition;
s4, combining the characteristic values of the two paths of baseband signals during characteristic decomposition to obtain a characteristic decomposition result, and performing time slot initial point estimation to further realize time slot blind synchronization;
in step S2, the method for dividing the I baseband signal or the Q baseband signal after sampling into the matrix X with the length equal to the PSC code specifically includes:
a1, determining the optimal sampling point of the sampled baseband signal by using the energy maximum principle, and intercepting N frame signals;
a2, converting 38400 × N data into a matrix A with the row number of 2560 and the column number of 15 × N;
a3, splicing the first 255bit data of the next column in the matrix A to the tail of the previous column in sequence, and abandoning the last column to obtain a matrix with the row number of 2815 and the column number of 15 multiplied by N-1, namely the matrix X;
the method for performing feature decomposition on the I baseband signal or the Q baseband signal in step S3 specifically includes:
s31, determining a sliding window with 256 rows and 15 multiplied by N-1 columns;
s32, determining approximate correlation matrix of intercepted data in each sliding window when constructing the matrix X
Figure FDA0003210223230000011
S33, approximating the correlation matrix for each pair in turn
Figure FDA0003210223230000012
Performing characteristic decomposition to obtain corresponding characteristic values;
the step S4 specifically includes:
b1, drawing a corresponding waveform chart according to the maximum characteristic value of each characteristic decomposition;
and B2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn waveform diagram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
2. The method for blind synchronization of timeslots of a WCDMA structure signal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix X in step a3 is:
Figure FDA0003210223230000021
xijfor sampling data, subscript i is the number of data selected each time, and subscript j is the number of time slots used each time;
k is the total number of the used time slots;
n is the maximum number of data selected each time, and N is 256.
3. The method for blind synchronization of timeslots of a WCDMA structure signal as claimed in claim 1, wherein said approximate correlation matrix of step S32
Figure FDA0003210223230000022
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003210223230000023
wherein E is desired;
[xxH]is a vector x and its conjugate transposed vector xHThe product of (a);
x is a vector formed by a column of data of the matrix X;
xkthe vector is formed by the kth column data of the matrix X, and the subscript k is the column number of the matrix X;
the superscript H is the conjugate matrix identifier.
4. The method for blind synchronization of timeslots of WCDMA structure signals according to claim 3 wherein in said step S33, approximate correlation matrix is applied
Figure FDA0003210223230000024
The formula for performing the feature decomposition is as follows:
Figure FDA0003210223230000031
in the formula, U is a feature matrix formed by feature vectors;
Λ is a diagonal matrix formed by characteristic values;
λithe index i is the characteristic value number;
n is the number of the characteristic values;
vias a characteristic valueA corresponding feature vector;
m is the number of eigenvalues of the signal subspace;
σnis the mean square error of the noise.
5. The method for blind synchronization of timeslots of a WCDMA structure signal as claimed in claim 4 wherein in said step S4, the result of the characteristic decomposition is:
Figure FDA0003210223230000032
6. the blind synchronization method for timeslots of WCDMA signals as claimed in claim 5, wherein said step S4 specifically comprises:
c1, drawing a corresponding waveform diagram according to the difference value between the maximum characteristic value and the second maximum characteristic value during each characteristic decomposition;
and C2, taking the time slot corresponding to the position of the peak value in the drawn oscillogram as the starting point of the time slot, thereby realizing the blind synchronization of the time slot.
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