CN111446741A - Virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation - Google Patents

Virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation Download PDF

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CN111446741A
CN111446741A CN202010259086.5A CN202010259086A CN111446741A CN 111446741 A CN111446741 A CN 111446741A CN 202010259086 A CN202010259086 A CN 202010259086A CN 111446741 A CN111446741 A CN 111446741A
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synchronous generator
virtual synchronous
power
inverter
inertia
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CN111446741B (en
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李岚
程之隆
郭潇潇
吴雷
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

A virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation is disclosed. When the virtual synchronous generator strategy is applied to the control of the inverter of the direct-drive wind power generation system, the control parameters of the virtual rotational inertia and the virtual damping coefficient are fixed, so that the control is not flexible enough, and the realization of the target is limited. Aiming at the defect, the invention discloses a parameter self-adaption improved control method for a virtual synchronous generator, which is improved in that the virtual moment of inertia and the virtual damping coefficient in an algorithm can be adjusted in real time according to the change of the system frequency, so that the change rate and the change quantity of the system frequency in the fluctuation process are finally reduced, and the stability of a power generation system is improved.

Description

Virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct-drive wind power generator inverter control, and particularly relates to a virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation.
Background
The global energy crisis is becoming more and more serious, so that the wind power generation mode becomes the focus of people in the new period. However, these power generation methods all need to be connected to a power grid through a power electronic converter and transmit electric energy, and therefore, as the proportion of new energy in the power generation methods increases, the stability of a power system is reduced due to the fact that power electronic devices lack inertia. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a control method of a virtual synchronous generator to raise the inertia of the inverter.
Although the current research on the virtual synchronous generator improves the change size and the change rate of the frequency to a certain extent, the characteristic that the relevant control coefficient can be flexibly adjusted is not fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention researches and develops a virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaptive method for direct-drive wind power generation, and self-adaptively adjusts the rotary inertia and the damping coefficient in the control method according to the main circuit parameters and the magnitude and the variation trend of the output angular frequency of an inverter on the basis of the traditional virtual synchronous generator control method, thereby slowing down the angular frequency sudden change and reducing the magnitude of the angular frequency variation, shortening the time for recovering the angular frequency to a steady state value, and fully utilizing the characteristic of flexibly adjusting the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator.
In the method adopted by the invention, the wind driven generator is connected with the rectifying part and controls the constant of the direct current bus voltage. The virtual synchronous generator control strategy is applied to the inverter part, and then electric energy is transmitted to a power grid. The whole system adopts a back-to-back converter structure. And the magnitude of the power value controlled by MPPT in the wind power generation process is used as the given value of the virtual synchronous generator strategy. The content of the parameter self-adaptive method of the virtual synchronous generator is as follows:
(1) according to the method, the active power P and the reactive power Q of the grid-connected inverter are calculated according to the voltage and the current output by the grid-connected inverter. The MPPT controls the output active power given value PrefSubtracting P to obtain power difference value delta P, and dividing delta P by rated angular speed omega0Obtaining torque difference delta T, and obtaining inversion through a synchronous generator rotor motion equationThe output angular frequency omega of the device is integrated to obtain the electromotive force phase angle theta of the virtual synchronous generator. And the amplitude E of the reference electromotive force of the virtual synchronous generatormThen the calculated reactive power Q and the given value Q of the reactive powerrefAnd a reference voltage UrefObtained by controlling the droop. Finally, the amplitude E of the reference electromotive force is obtainedmAnd the electromotive force phase angle theta forms a voltage modulation signal to control the on-off of the inverter switching tube.
(2) Determining the moment of inertia J when the output angular frequency of the inverter is stable0And damping coefficient D0The virtual synchronous generator output filter impedance Z and the impedance angle α may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000021
wherein R is the filter circuit resistance, and L is the filter circuit inductance.
At given value of active power PrefAnd given value of reactive power QrefWhen known, the voltage amplitude E corresponding to the stable working pointsAnd voltage phasesCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000022
where U is the grid voltage.
From the model of the virtual synchronous generator, the transfer function between its output power and input power can be found:
Figure BDA0002438603920000023
thereby, the natural oscillation angular frequency ω of the second order system model is obtainednAnd damping ratio ξ may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000024
when designing virtual synchronous generator control, refer toThe natural oscillation frequency of the synchronous generator can determine the moment of inertia J0Then, according to the optimal damping ratio of the second-order system, ξ is taken to be 0.707, and the required damping coefficient D in the steady state can be obtained0
(3) The magnitude of the moment of inertia J is adjusted in real time according to the change of the output angular frequency of the inverter: when the active power given value P of the virtual synchronous generator is caused by the change of the wind speedrefWhen the frequency changes or the load is switched in or out, the inverter output angular frequency of the grid-connected point of the power generation system changes, and the frequency change is characterized by damped oscillation. In the initial stage of the change of the output angular frequency of the inverter, the angular frequency change rate is larger, so that larger moment of inertia J is needed to reduce the change rate; when the angular frequency changes to the maximum value or the minimum value, the angular frequency changes towards the direction of recovering the steady-state value, and at the moment, a smaller moment of inertia J is needed, so that the recovery process of the angular frequency is accelerated until the angular frequency is recovered to the steady-state value. The angular frequency variation in the next few oscillation cycles is then similar to the first cycle. Obviously, the moment of inertia J is determined in relation to the magnitude of the angular frequency and its trend of variation. From the above analysis, the moment of inertia J can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000031
wherein T is a threshold value of the frequency change rate,
Figure BDA0002438603920000032
k is the adjustment coefficient of the moment of inertia for the rate of change of angular frequency.
(4) The damping coefficient D is changed according to the change of the rotational inertia, and if the damping coefficient D is kept constant in the process of the change of the rotational inertia, the second-order system model of the transfer function of the virtual synchronous generator is deviated from the optimal damping ratio, so that the control effect is influenced, therefore, in order to keep ξ in the content (2) constant, the formula D is required to be given
Figure BDA0002438603920000033
It is given.
The virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation can be applied to a wind power generation system, the generated energy is ensured, the overshoot of frequency change is effectively reduced according to the frequency change condition, the frequency mutation is relieved, the stability of the power generation system is improved, and the method has strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a direct drive wind power generation system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a frequency variation curve of a synchronous generator.
Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of the virtual synchronous generator.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of simulation results of system frequency variation corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of variations in the moment of inertia when J varies and D does not vary in the example of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing simulation results of the moment of inertia variation when J and D are simultaneously varied in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the simulation results of the variation of the damping coefficient when J and D are simultaneously varied in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method will be described in detail below in connection with simulations.
On the basis of a traditional virtual synchronous generator control method, the rotary inertia and the damping coefficient in the control method are adaptively adjusted according to an application scene, the magnitude and the variation trend of the output angular frequency of an inverter, so that the angular frequency sudden change is slowed down, the angular frequency variation magnitude is reduced, the time for restoring the angular frequency to a steady state value is shortened, and the characteristic of flexibly adjusting the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator is fully utilized.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method of the present invention, the wind power generator is connected to the rectifying part to control the dc bus voltage to be constant. The virtual synchronous generator control strategy is applied to the inverter part, and then electric energy is transmitted to a power grid. The whole system adopts a back-to-back converter structure. And the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is adopted in the wind power generation process, and the magnitude of the power value is used as the given value of the virtual synchronous generator strategy. The content of the parameter self-adaptive method of the virtual synchronous generator is as follows:
(1) according to the method, the active power P and the reactive power Q of the grid-connected inverter are calculated according to the output voltage and current of the grid-connected inverter. The MPPT controls the output active power given value PrefSubtracting the active power P to obtain a power difference value delta P, and dividing the power difference value delta P by the rated angular velocity omega0And obtaining the torque difference delta T, obtaining the output angular frequency omega of the inverter through a synchronous generator rotor motion equation, and obtaining the electromotive force phase angle theta of the virtual synchronous generator by integrating the output angular frequency omega. The synchronous generator rotor equation of motion is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000041
wherein △ ω - ω0,Pm、PeRespectively represent the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power in the synchronous generator in the figure 1, and respectively correspond to the given value P of the active power in the virtual synchronous generator methodrefAnd the active power P output by the inverter.
And the reference electromotive force amplitude E of the virtual synchronous generatormThen the calculated reactive power Q and the given value Q of the reactive powerrefAnd a reference voltage UrefObtained by controlling the droop. Finally, the phase angle theta of the electromotive force and the amplitude E of the reference electromotive force are obtainedmAnd forming a voltage modulation signal to control the on-off of the inverter switch tube. The moment of inertia in the synchronous generator rotor motion equation is J, and the damping coefficient is D.
(2) Determining moment of inertia J when output angular frequency omega of inverter is stable and constant0And damping coefficient D0The virtual synchronous generator output filter impedance Z and the impedance angle α may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000051
wherein R is the filter circuit resistance, and L is the filter circuit inductance.
At given value of active power PrefGiven value of reactive power QrefStabilizing the voltage amplitude E corresponding to the working point when the grid voltage U is knownsAnd voltage phasesCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000052
wherein U is the grid voltage.
From the model of the virtual synchronous generator, the transfer function between its output power and input power can be found:
Figure BDA0002438603920000053
thereby, the natural oscillation angular frequency ω of the second order system model is obtainednAnd damping ratio ξ may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000054
when designing the virtual synchronous generator control, refer to the natural oscillation frequency of the synchronous generator in FIG. 1 and bring in the voltage amplitude EsThen the moment of inertia parameter J in steady state operation can be determined0. Calculated, in this example, J0The value is 0.8 kg.m2Then according to the optimal damping ratio of the second-order system, ξ is taken to be 0.707, and the required damping coefficient D in the steady state can be obtained0The value in this example is 23 by calculation.
(3) The magnitude of the moment of inertia J is adjusted in real time according to the change of the inverter output angular frequency omega: when the active power given value P of the virtual synchronous generator is caused by the change of the wind speedrefThe inverter output angular frequency ω will change, or when the load is switched in or out, and the frequency will change under the clamping action of the grid voltage UCharacterized by damped oscillation.
Under the stable operation condition, the angular frequency omega of the output of the inverter is stabilized at omega0. At the moment, the wind speed is suddenly increased, and the virtual synchronous generator control active power given value PrefAnd correspondingly increasing, and stabilizing the output power (active power P) of the inverter at a new active power given value after fluctuation. Correspondingly, when the active power given value changes, the process of damping oscillation also occurs in the change of the inverter output angular frequency. As shown in fig. 2, at t0-t1In the stage, the output angular frequency of the inverter is suddenly increased due to the increase of the given value of the active power. In this stage, the moment of inertia is appropriately increased, so that abrupt changes in angular frequency can be alleviated, the rate of change in angular frequency can be reduced, and the overshoot of the change in angular frequency can also be reduced. Therefore, at this time, the moment of inertia J can be set to be in accordance with the rate of change of angular frequency
Figure BDA0002438603920000061
In the formula, k is a rotational inertia adjustment coefficient, which is set to 0.04 in the example, and meanwhile, the maximum value of the rotational inertia is limited by the stability of the system, and J is less than or equal to 4.2 in the example.
At t1At the moment, when the value of the output angular frequency of the inverter reaches the maximum value, the angular frequency will enter a phase of recovering to the steady-state value, in which the value is t1-t2The period of time shows that this phase requires a smaller moment of inertia to restore the frequency at a faster rate of change, so that the moment of inertia is adjusted again to the initial value J0
The frequency change during the next few oscillation cycles is similar to the first cycle. The threshold value for the rate of change of angular frequency is set to T, which in the example is set to 4 rad/s. At times when the rate of change of angular frequency is small, the effect of the rate of change is negligible, and therefore the moment of inertia is also set to J at these times0. Therefore, in summary of the above analysis, the moment of inertia J can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002438603920000062
(4) the damping coefficient D is changed according to the change of the rotational inertia, and if the damping coefficient D is kept constant in the process of the change of the rotational inertia, the second-order system model of the transfer function of the virtual synchronous generator is deviated from the optimal damping ratio, so that the control effect is influenced, therefore, in order to keep ξ in the content (2) constant, the formula D is required to be given
Figure BDA0002438603920000071
Give out, order
Figure BDA0002438603920000072
Then
Figure BDA0002438603920000073
The improved control block diagram of the virtual synchronous generator is shown in fig. 3.
The present invention will be explained below based on simulation results.
A simulation platform is built in MAT L AB/simulink software, and a simulation model comprises a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind driven generator, a back-to-back converter, a filter circuit and a power grid.
And respectively carrying out simulation under the conditions that the rotary inertia J of the virtual synchronous generator is constant, the rotary inertia is adaptively changed, and the rotary inertia and the damping coefficient are simultaneously changed. And the simulation starts to operate at a constant wind speed, the wind speed is suddenly increased at 0.8s, and the given value of the active power of the virtual synchronous generator is increased.
As shown in fig. 4, when the angular frequency of the inverter is adaptively changed, the maximum change amount of the angular frequency is reduced and the change speed of the angular frequency is slowed down, compared to the constant moment of inertia. And under the control strategy that the rotational inertia and the damping coefficient are changed simultaneously, the maximum frequency variation is further reduced, so that the frequency adjusting effect is optimized.
Therefore, the virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation provided by the invention can be applied to a wind power generation system, and can effectively reduce the overshoot of frequency change, relieve the frequency mutation and improve the stability of the power generation system according to the frequency change condition while ensuring the power generation capacity.

Claims (3)

1. A virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaptive method for direct-drive wind power generation is based on a synchronous generator rotor motion equation adopted in a virtual synchronous generator control method and expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002438603910000011
wherein △ ω - ω0ω is the inverter output angular frequency, ω0Is a rated angular velocity, J is a moment of inertia, D is a damping coefficient, Pm、PeRespectively representing mechanical power and electromagnetic power in the synchronous generator, and respectively corresponding to an active power given value P in the virtual synchronous generator methodrefAnd active power P output by the inverter, characterized in that: according to the magnitude and the variation trend of the output angular frequency of the inverter, the rotational inertia and the damping coefficient in the control method are subjected to self-adaptive adjustment;
adjusting the magnitude of the moment of inertia J in real time according to the change of the angular frequency, wherein the moment of inertia J is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002438603910000012
wherein T is a threshold value of the angular frequency change rate,
Figure FDA0002438603910000013
is the rate of change of angular frequency, k is the coefficient of adjustment of the moment of inertia, J0The moment of inertia when the angular frequency of the output of the inverter is stable and unchanged; given formula of damping coefficient D
Figure FDA0002438603910000014
It is given.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1The virtual synchronous generator parameter self-adaption method for direct-drive wind power generation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the control method of the virtual synchronous generator comprises the following steps: calculating active power P and reactive power Q of the grid-connected inverter according to the voltage and current output by the grid-connected inverter; the power output by the maximum power tracking control of the wind driven generator is used as the active power given value P of the virtual synchronous generatorrefObtaining the output angular velocity omega of the inverter through a synchronous generator rotor motion equation, and obtaining the electromotive force phase angle theta of the virtual synchronous generator by integrating the output angular velocity omega; amplitude E of reference electromotive force of virtual synchronous generatormIs determined from the calculated reactive power Q, the given reference power QrefAnd a reference voltage UrefObtaining the product through droop control; finally, the amplitude E of the reference electromotive force is obtainedmAnd the electromotive force phase angle theta forms a voltage modulation signal to control the on-off of the inverter switching tube.
3. The virtual synchronous generator parameter adaptation method for direct drive wind power generation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: determining the moment of inertia J when the output angular frequency of the inverter is stable and unchanged0The process of (2) is that the virtual synchronous generator output filter impedance Z and the impedance angle α can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002438603910000021
wherein R is the resistance of the filter circuit, L is the inductance of the filter circuit, and the given value P of the active power isrefAnd given value of reactive power QrefWhen known, the voltage amplitude E corresponding to the stable working pointsAnd voltage phasesCan be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002438603910000022
in the formula, U is the voltage of a power grid;
according to the model of the virtual synchronous generator, obtaining a transfer function between the output power and the input power of the virtual synchronous generator:
Figure FDA0002438603910000023
thereby, the natural oscillation angular frequency ω of the second order system model is obtainednExpressed as:
Figure FDA0002438603910000024
when designing virtual synchronous generator control, the control parameter J can be determined by referring to the natural oscillation frequency of the synchronous generator0
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