CN111446493B - Method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery - Google Patents

Method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery Download PDF

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CN111446493B
CN111446493B CN202010152002.8A CN202010152002A CN111446493B CN 111446493 B CN111446493 B CN 111446493B CN 202010152002 A CN202010152002 A CN 202010152002A CN 111446493 B CN111446493 B CN 111446493B
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electrolyte
lithium battery
state lithium
ball mill
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CN111446493A (en
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张爱文
韩建涛
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Yangde Electric Group Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562Solid materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrolyte of an all-solid-state lithium battery. In the invention, the method needs to be realized by combining ball milling mixing with low-temperature solid-phase reaction; meanwhile, the amorphous lithium-rich anti-perovskite solid electrolyte material is prepared by means of mechanical ball milling, melting cold quenching and the like, and the prepared amorphous powder material is uniformly deposited on a selected substrate through spin coating, dipping-drawing or thermal spraying to obtain a film with controllable thickness, so that the lithium ion conductivity test, the activation energy measurement and the whole battery assembly can be carried out; the lattice constant and the anti-perovskite structural factor are regulated and controlled by doping other halogen atoms, so that the lithium ion battery is more suitable for lithium ion migration; the lithium ion transport channels and the layered framework structure are constructed by volatilizing halides to produce non-stoichiometric phases. A large number of 3D fast ion transmission channels are constructed in the anti-perovskite crystal lattice by multiple means, so that the purpose of improving the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte material is achieved, and the durability of the all-solid-state lithium battery is improved.

Description

Method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an electrolyte of an all-solid-state lithium battery.
Background
All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries, which are simply referred to as all-solid-state lithium batteries, i.e., lithium secondary batteries in which all the cells, including positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, are made of solid materials, have been developed in the 50 th century. The structure of the all-solid-state lithium battery is simpler than that of the traditional lithium ion battery, the solid electrolyte conducts lithium ions and plays a role of a diaphragm, and in the all-solid-state lithium battery, the electrolyte, electrolyte salt, the diaphragm, polyvinylidene fluoride serving as a bonding agent and the like do not need to be used, so that the construction steps of the battery are greatly simplified. The working principle of the all-solid-state lithium battery is communicated with that of the liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery, lithium ions in the positive electrode are extracted from crystal lattices of the active material during charging, the lithium ions migrate to the negative electrode through the solid electrolyte, electrons migrate to the negative electrode through the external circuit, and the lithium ions and the electrons are compounded into lithium atoms at the negative electrode and alloyed or inserted into a negative electrode material. The discharge process is the reverse of the charge process, where the electrons drive the electronic device through an external circuit. For the research of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries, two main categories are mainly included according to electrolytic differentiation: one type is a lithium ion battery composed of an organic polymer electrolyte, also called a polymer all-solid-state lithium battery; the other type is a lithium ion battery composed of an inorganic solid electrolyte, which is also called an inorganic all-solid-state lithium battery.
However, the general conductivity efficiency of the electrolyte material in the common all-solid-state lithium battery is not high, so that a large amount of electric energy is lost and wasted when the battery is used, and relatively high production and manufacturing costs are brought to the country and enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for preparing an electrolyte for an all solid-state lithium battery is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium battery needs the following instruments and preparation raw materials: one ball mill, one rotary kiln, LiOH powder, LiCl or LiBr powder, LiA (A is other halogen atom) powder or Mg (OH)2Powder, argon gas, one heating furnace, liquid argon and a substrate material.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting one ball mill, taking one part of lithium-rich anti-perovskite, adding the part into the ball mill, selecting proper reaction precursors LiOH and LiCl or LiOH and LiBr from the inside of the ball mill, opening a switch of the ball mill, and fully and uniformly milling and mixing the mixed raw materials;
s2: taking out the uniformly mixed mixture from the ball mill, adding the mixture into a rotary kiln, and carrying out solid phase chemical reaction under a specific atmosphere to obtain a desired target product sample;
s3: doping a sample, adding LiA (A is other halogen atoms) or Mg (OH)2 with a certain mass ratio into a rotary kiln, and after full reaction, preliminarily obtaining a crystalline material;
s4: starting to prepare an amorphous solid electrolyte material: the method comprises the steps of carrying out long-time high-speed ball milling on a crystalline material by a ball mill under an argon atmosphere by adopting a mechanical ball milling method, and breaking a crystal boundary of the material by a physical method to make the material amorphous; or a melting cold quenching method is adopted, argon is required to be taken at the moment, the crystalline material is heated to a molten state at a high temperature under the argon atmosphere, and then liquid argon is used for cold quenching, so that the crystalline material is rapidly cooled and the structural characteristics of a high-temperature phase are kept at room temperature;
s5: firstly, introducing inert gas, and heating the prepared amorphous solid electrolyte material in an inert atmosphere to melt the amorphous solid electrolyte material;
s6, selecting a clean substrate material, controlling the rotating speed of the deposition parameter spin coating to be 100 r/min-150 r/min, the time to be 10' 15min and the dipping and pulling speed to be 3.5m/min, and uniformly depositing the prepared amorphous powder material on the selected substrate to obtain a film with controllable thickness so as to carry out lithium ion conductivity test, activation energy measurement and whole cell assembly;
and S7, finishing the preparation process, finishing and cleaning the test tool, and finishing the whole preparation experiment process of the electrolyte material.
In a preferred embodiment, the synthesis of the non-stoichiometric product in step S3 can be achieved by controlling the sublimation reaction of LiA (a is other halogen atom) under high vacuum heating conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, the time of the long-time high-speed ball milling in step S4 is about 55-80 min, and the preparation time can be measured by a stopwatch.
In a preferred embodiment, when the heating is performed in the inert atmosphere in step S5, the inert atmosphere may be selected from inert gases such as helium, neon, or argon.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature heated in step S5 should be controlled below 300 ℃.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the present invention, lithium vacancies are formed by doping with high-valent cations; the lattice constant and the anti-perovskite structural factor are regulated and controlled by doping other halogen atoms, so that the lithium ion battery is more suitable for lithium ion migration; the lithium ion transport channels and the layered framework structure are constructed by volatilizing halides to produce non-stoichiometric phases. A large number of 3D fast ion transmission channels are constructed in the anti-perovskite crystal lattice by multiple means, the purpose of improving the lithium ion conductivity of the electrolyte material is achieved, and the conductivity of the all-solid-state lithium battery and the efficiency of the all-solid-state lithium battery during discharging are improved, so that the all-solid-state lithium battery is more durable, and the cost performance of the battery is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium battery needs the following instruments and preparation raw materials: one ball mill, one rotary kiln, LiOH powder, LiCl or LiBr powder, LiA (A is other halogen atom) powder or Mg (OH)2Powder, argon gas, one heating furnace, liquid argon and a substrate material.
The preparation method of the electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting one ball mill, taking one part of lithium-rich anti-perovskite, adding the part into the ball mill, selecting proper reaction precursors LiOH and LiCl or LiOH and LiBr from the inside of the ball mill, opening a switch of the ball mill, and fully and uniformly milling and mixing the mixed raw materials;
s2: taking out the uniformly mixed mixture from the ball mill, adding the mixture into a rotary kiln, and carrying out solid phase chemical reaction under a specific atmosphere to obtain a desired target product sample;
s3: doping the sample, adding LiA (A is other halogen atoms) or Mg (OH)2 with a certain amount ratio of substances into a rotary kiln, and after full reaction, preliminarily obtaining a crystalline material, wherein the synthesis of the non-stoichiometric product in the step S3 can be realized by controlling the sublimation reaction of the LiA (A is other halogen atoms) under a high vacuum heating condition;
s4: starting to prepare an amorphous solid electrolyte material: the method comprises the steps of carrying out long-time high-speed ball milling on a crystalline material by a ball mill under an argon atmosphere by adopting a mechanical ball milling method, and breaking a crystal boundary of the material by a physical method to make the material amorphous; or a melting cold quenching method is adopted, argon is required to be taken at the moment, the crystalline material is heated to a molten state at a high temperature under the argon atmosphere, then liquid argon is used for cold quenching, the crystalline material is rapidly cooled and the structural characteristics of a high-temperature phase are kept at room temperature, the time of the long-time high-speed ball milling in the step S4 is about 80min, and the time can be timed through a timing stopwatch during preparation;
s5: firstly, introducing inert gas, heating the prepared amorphous solid electrolyte material in inert atmosphere to melt the amorphous solid electrolyte material, wherein in the step of heating in inert atmosphere in S5, the inert atmosphere can be selected from helium, neon or argon and other inert gases, and the heating temperature in the step of S5 is controlled below 300 ℃;
s6, selecting a clean substrate material, controlling the rotating speed of the deposition parameter spin coating to be 100r/min, the time to be 10min and the dip-coating speed to be 3.5m/min, and uniformly depositing the prepared amorphous powder material on the selected substrate to obtain a film with controllable thickness so as to carry out lithium ion conductivity test, activation energy measurement and whole cell assembly;
and S7, finishing the preparation process, finishing and cleaning the test tool, and finishing the whole preparation experiment process of the electrolyte material.
Example two:
a method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium battery needs the following instruments and preparation raw materials: one ball mill, one rotary kiln, LiOH powder, LiCl or LiBr powder, LiA (A is other halogen atom) powder or Mg (OH)2Powder, argon gas, one heating furnace, liquid argon and a substrate material.
The preparation method of the electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting one ball mill, taking one part of lithium-rich anti-perovskite, adding the part into the ball mill, selecting proper reaction precursors LiOH and LiCl or LiOH and LiBr from the inside of the ball mill, opening a switch of the ball mill, and fully and uniformly milling and mixing the mixed raw materials;
s2: taking out the uniformly mixed mixture from the ball mill, adding the mixture into a rotary kiln, and carrying out solid phase chemical reaction under a specific atmosphere to obtain a desired target product sample;
s3: doping the sample, adding LiA (A is other halogen atoms) or Mg (OH)2 with a certain amount ratio of substances into a rotary kiln, and after full reaction, preliminarily obtaining a crystalline material, wherein the synthesis of the non-stoichiometric product in the step S3 can be realized by controlling the sublimation reaction of the LiA (A is other halogen atoms) under a high vacuum heating condition;
s4: starting to prepare an amorphous solid electrolyte material: the method comprises the steps of carrying out long-time high-speed ball milling on a crystalline material by a ball mill under an argon atmosphere by adopting a mechanical ball milling method, and breaking a crystal boundary of the material by a physical method to make the material amorphous; or a melting cold quenching method is adopted, argon is required to be taken at the moment, the crystalline material is heated to a molten state at a high temperature under the argon atmosphere, then liquid argon is used for cold quenching, the crystalline material is rapidly cooled and the structural characteristics of a high-temperature phase are kept at room temperature, the time of the long-time high-speed ball milling in the step S4 is about 80min, and the time can be timed through a timing stopwatch during preparation;
s5: firstly, introducing inert gas, heating the prepared amorphous solid electrolyte material in inert atmosphere to melt the amorphous solid electrolyte material, wherein in the step of heating in inert atmosphere in S5, the inert atmosphere can be selected from helium, neon or argon and other inert gases, and the heating temperature in the step of S5 is controlled below 300 ℃;
s6, selecting a clean substrate material, controlling the rotating speed of deposition parameters during spin coating at 130r/min, the time of 12min and the speed of dipping and pulling at 3.5m/min, and uniformly depositing the prepared amorphous powder material on the selected substrate to obtain a film with controllable thickness so as to carry out lithium ion conductivity test, activation energy measurement and whole cell assembly;
and S7, finishing the preparation process, finishing and cleaning the test tool, and finishing the whole preparation experiment process of the electrolyte material.
Example three:
a method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium battery needs the following instruments and preparation raw materials: one ball mill, one rotary kiln, LiOH powder, LiCl or LiBr powder, LiA (A is other halogen atom) powder or Mg (OH)2Powder, argon gas, one heating furnace, liquid argon and a substrate material.
The preparation method of the electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting one ball mill, taking one part of lithium-rich anti-perovskite, adding the part into the ball mill, selecting proper reaction precursors LiOH and LiCl or LiOH and LiBr from the inside of the ball mill, opening a switch of the ball mill, and fully and uniformly milling and mixing the mixed raw materials;
s2: taking out the uniformly mixed mixture from the ball mill, adding the mixture into a rotary kiln, and carrying out solid phase chemical reaction under a specific atmosphere to obtain a desired target product sample;
s3: doping the sample, adding LiA (A is other halogen atoms) or Mg (OH)2 with a certain amount ratio of substances into a rotary kiln, and after full reaction, preliminarily obtaining a crystalline material, wherein the synthesis of the non-stoichiometric product in the step S3 can be realized by controlling the sublimation reaction of the LiA (A is other halogen atoms) under a high vacuum heating condition;
s4: starting to prepare an amorphous solid electrolyte material: the method comprises the steps of carrying out long-time high-speed ball milling on a crystalline material by a ball mill under an argon atmosphere by adopting a mechanical ball milling method, and breaking a crystal boundary of the material by a physical method to make the material amorphous; or a melting cold quenching method is adopted, argon is required to be taken at the moment, the crystalline material is heated to a molten state at a high temperature under the argon atmosphere, then liquid argon is used for cold quenching, the crystalline material is rapidly cooled and the structural characteristics of a high-temperature phase are kept at room temperature, the time of the long-time high-speed ball milling in the step S4 is about 80min, and the time can be timed through a timing stopwatch during preparation;
s5: firstly, introducing inert gas, heating the prepared amorphous solid electrolyte material in inert atmosphere to melt the amorphous solid electrolyte material, wherein in the step of heating in inert atmosphere in S5, the inert atmosphere can be selected from helium, neon or argon and other inert gases, and the heating temperature in the step of S5 is controlled below 300 ℃;
s6, selecting a clean substrate material, controlling the rotating speed of deposition parameters during spin coating at 150r/min, the time at 15min and the speed of dipping and pulling at 3.5m/min, and uniformly depositing the prepared amorphous powder material on the selected substrate to obtain a film with controllable thickness so as to test the lithium ion conductivity and measure the activation energy and assemble a full cell;
and S7, finishing the preparation process, finishing and cleaning the test tool, and finishing the whole preparation experiment process of the electrolyte material.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or 014, and any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preparing electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium battery is characterized in that: the electrolyte preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium battery needs the following instruments and preparation raw materials: one ball mill, one rotary kiln, LiOH powder, LiCl or LiBr powder, LiA powder or Mg (OH)2 Powder, argon, a first heating furnace, liquid argon and a substrate material, wherein A is halogen atoms except Cl and Br;
the preparation method of the electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting one ball mill, taking one part of lithium-rich anti-perovskite, adding the part into the ball mill, selecting proper reaction precursors LiOH and LiCl or LiOH and LiBr from the inside of the ball mill, opening a switch of the ball mill, and fully and uniformly milling and mixing the mixed raw materials;
s2: taking out the uniformly mixed mixture from the ball mill, adding the mixture into a rotary kiln, and carrying out solid phase chemical reaction under a specific atmosphere to obtain a desired target product sample;
s3: doping a sample, adding LiA or Mg (OH)2 with a certain mass ratio into a rotary kiln, and after full reaction, preliminarily obtaining a crystalline material;
s4: starting to prepare an amorphous solid electrolyte material: the method comprises the steps of carrying out long-time high-speed ball milling on a crystalline material by a ball mill under an argon atmosphere by adopting a mechanical ball milling method, and breaking a crystal boundary of the material by a physical method to make the material amorphous; or a melting cold quenching method is adopted, argon is required to be taken at the moment, the crystalline material is heated to a molten state at a high temperature under the argon atmosphere, and then liquid argon is used for cold quenching, so that the crystalline material is rapidly cooled and the structural characteristics of a high-temperature phase are kept at room temperature;
s5: firstly, introducing inert gas, and heating the prepared amorphous solid electrolyte material in an inert atmosphere to melt the amorphous solid electrolyte material;
s6, selecting a clean substrate material, controlling the rotating speed of the deposition parameter spin coating to be 100 r/min-150 r/min, the time to be 10-15 min and the speed of dipping and pulling to be 3.5m/min, and uniformly depositing the prepared amorphous powder material on the selected substrate to obtain a film with controllable thickness so as to carry out lithium ion conductivity test, activation energy measurement and whole cell assembly;
and S7, finishing the preparation process, finishing and cleaning the test tool, and finishing the whole preparation experiment process of the electrolyte material.
2. The method for preparing an electrolyte for an all-solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein: the synthesis of the non-stoichiometric product in step S3 can be achieved by controlling the sublimation reaction of LiA under high vacuum heating conditions.
3. The method for preparing an electrolyte for an all-solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein: the time of the long-time high-speed ball milling in the step S4 is about 55-80 min, and the time can be counted by a timing stopwatch during preparation.
4. The method for preparing an electrolyte for an all-solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein: when the heating is performed in the inert atmosphere in the step S5, the inert atmosphere is helium, neon or argon.
5. The method for preparing an electrolyte for an all-solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the heating in the step S5 should be controlled to 300 deg.foc below.
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