CN111446410B - Battery cell and battery - Google Patents
Battery cell and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111446410B CN111446410B CN201910043358.5A CN201910043358A CN111446410B CN 111446410 B CN111446410 B CN 111446410B CN 201910043358 A CN201910043358 A CN 201910043358A CN 111446410 B CN111446410 B CN 111446410B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The application discloses an electric core and a battery, wherein the electric core comprises a first pole lug, a second pole lug and a switch unit, and two ends of the switch unit are respectively and electrically connected with the first pole lug and the second pole lug; when the battery cell is in a normal state, the switch unit is disconnected; and when the battery core is in an abnormal state, the switch unit is switched on. The purpose of this application lies in improving the security performance of electric core at least, improves the overcharge performance of electric core.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electric core and a battery.
Background
The battery cell needs to be subjected to safety regulation test to detect the safety performance of the battery cell. The safety regulation test comprises an overcharge test, and the overcharge test is mainly used for preventing the electric core from generating thermal runaway under an overcharge state and avoiding fire accidents caused by overcharge.
The Current Interrupt Device (CID) is adopted in the existing cylindrical battery core, the CID can generate gas when the battery core is overcharged, and when the internal air pressure of the battery core is increased to a certain level, the current interrupt is caused by triggering the top cover to be turned over (CID effect), the battery is broken, and therefore the overcharge test is passed. However, for cells without a CID (e.g., soft-pack cells), the overcharge performance of the cell is significantly inferior. In the related art, although some improvements are made on the overcharge performance, such as the improvement on cathode and anode materials, the addition of an overcharge additive in an electrolyte, and the improvement on a diaphragm, etc., these improvements bring other problems to the performance of the cell, and cannot fundamentally solve the overcharge problem of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
To the above-mentioned problem among the correlation technique, this application provides a battery core and battery, can improve the security performance of battery core, improves the overcharge performance of battery core.
The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
according to one aspect of the application, a battery cell is provided, which comprises a first tab, a second tab and a switch unit, wherein two ends of the switch unit are respectively and electrically connected with the first tab and the second tab; when the battery cell is in a normal state, the switch unit is disconnected; when the battery cell is in an abnormal state, the switch unit is switched on.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the switching unit is controlled to be turned off and turned on by temperature, and when the temperature of the battery cell reaches a temperature threshold, the switching unit is turned on.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the turn-on temperature of the switching unit is 90 ℃ to 120 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the switching unit is controlled to be turned off and on by a voltage, and the switching unit is turned on when the voltage between the first tab and the second tab reaches a turn-on voltage of the switching unit.
According to some embodiments of the application, the turn-on voltage of the switching unit is 4.2V-6V.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell includes a cell main body, the first tab and the second tab respectively protrude from the cell main body, and the switch unit is disposed outside the cell main body.
According to some embodiments of the application, the battery cell further comprises a current limiting unit connected in series with the switching unit, the current limiting unit being disposed between the first tab and the switching unit, or between the switching unit and the second tab.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the upper limit value of the resistance of the current limiting unit is R max ，R max ＝6V/I-R switch (ii) a Wherein I represents a charging current, R switch Indicating the resistance value of the switching unit after being turned on.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell includes a cell main body, the cell main body includes a sealing edge, the first tab and the second tab respectively extend to the outside of the cell main body through the sealing edge, and the switch unit is disposed in the sealing edge.
According to another aspect of the present application, a battery is provided, which includes the battery cell described above.
According to the technical scheme, the switch unit is connected between the first pole lug and the second pole lug, so that the battery cell can be prevented from being continuously charged when the battery cell is in an abnormal state, the battery cell can be effectively protected, the safety performance of the battery cell is improved, and the overcharge performance of the battery cell is improved; through setting up the current-limiting unit, reduced the discharge current when the switch unit switches on, avoided electric core to carry out quick discharge through this switch unit, protected the switch unit on the one hand, avoided it to burn out because of overflowing, on the other hand has also protected electric core, avoided its thermal runaway that leads to of discharging fast under high temperature.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell having a switching unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cell having a switching unit and a current limiting unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell having a switching unit and a current limiting unit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cell having a switching unit and a current limiting unit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack having a switching unit and a current limiting unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived from the embodiments given herein by a person of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, a battery cell 10 according to an embodiment of the present application includes a first tab 11, a second tab 12, and a switch unit 14, where two ends of the switch unit 14 are electrically connected to the first tab 11 and the second tab 12, respectively. When the battery cell 10 is in a normal state, the switch unit 14 is turned off. When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, the switching unit 14 may be turned on in response to the abnormal state of the battery cell 10. The abnormal state may be an overcharge state, an overvoltage state, an overcurrent state, other abnormal working states, or a state affecting the safe use of the battery cell. When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, the switch unit 14 is turned on, so that a current passes through the switch unit 14 between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12, for example, when the first tab 11 is a positive tab, the current flows in from the first tab 11, and after passing through the turned-on switch unit 14, the current flows out from the second tab 12, so that the battery cell 10 can be stopped from being continuously charged, and the battery cell 10 is prevented from being overcharged. Therefore, in the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the switch unit 14 is connected between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12, and when the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, the battery cell 10 can be prevented from being continuously charged, so that the battery cell can be effectively protected, the overcharge performance of the battery cell is improved, and the safety performance of the battery cell is further improved.
When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, for example, when the battery cell 10 is overcharged, the temperature of the battery cell 10 may gradually increase. Therefore, in one embodiment, the switch unit 14 may be controlled to be turned off and on by the temperature, and when the temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches the temperature threshold, the switch unit 14 is turned on. In this embodiment, when the battery cell 10 is in the normal state, the switch unit 14 is turned off; when the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, the temperature of the battery cell 10 increases, and the switching unit 14 is controlled by the temperature of the battery cell 10 to be turned on. More specifically, when the battery cell 10 is in a normal state, and the temperature of the battery cell 10 is less than the temperature threshold, the switch unit 14 is in an off state; when the temperature of the battery cell 10 rises to the temperature threshold value due to the abnormal state of the battery cell 10, the switching unit 14 is turned on. Due to the fact that the switch unit 14 is switched on, the charging current flows in from the first pole lug 11 (such as a positive pole lug), passes through the switch unit 14, and then flows out from the second pole lug 12, so that continuous charging of the battery cell can be avoided, and the over-charging performance of the battery cell is improved.
In some embodiments, the on temperature of the switching unit 14 may be 90-120 ℃. In some embodiments, the on temperature of the switching unit 14 may be 100-110 ℃. The conduction temperature of the switch unit 14 may be configured according to practical application conditions (for example, according to the state parameters of the battery cells), and the present application is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the Temperature-controlled switch unit 14 may include a normally-open Temperature switch (such as a KSD series Temperature-controlled switch, etc.) or an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) switch, and may also include any other suitable switch device, which is within the scope of the present application.
In addition, when the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, for example, when the battery cell 10 is overcharged, the voltage between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 of the battery cell 10 gradually increases. Therefore, in one embodiment, the switching unit 14 may be controlled to be turned off and on by a voltage, and when the voltage between the first and second tabs 11 and 12 reaches the turn-on voltage of the switching unit 14, the switching unit 14 becomes on. Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the battery cell 10 is in the normal state, the switch unit 14 is turned off; when the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal state, the voltage between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 gradually increases, and when the voltage between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 reaches a threshold value, the switching unit 14 is changed from the off state to the on state to allow the charging current to pass through. More specifically, when the battery cell 10 is in the normal state, the voltage between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 is smaller than the on-voltage of the switch unit 14, and the switch unit 14 is in the off-state; when the voltage between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 is increased to the on-voltage of the switching unit 14 due to the abnormal state of the battery cell 10, the switching unit 14 is turned on. Due to the fact that the switch unit 14 is conducted, the charging current passes through the switch unit 14, continuous charging of the battery cell 10 is avoided, and the over-charging performance of the battery cell is improved.
In some embodiments, the turn-on voltage of the switching unit 14 is 4.2V-6V. Since the upper limit voltage of the chemical system is 4.2V, the on-state voltage of the switch unit 14 is generally higher than 4.2V, and can be varied within a certain range of about 4.2V, which can be determined according to the actual application requirements. When the battery cell is overcharged to above 6V, failure is likely to occur, so the on-state voltage of the switch unit 14 is generally lower than 6V, and may be other values as long as the overcharge voltage that does not cause the battery cell to fail is not generated, and may also be determined according to the actual application requirements. In some embodiments, the turn-on voltage of the switching unit 14 is 4.4V-5.5V. In some embodiments, the switch unit 14 may include a diode-type (e.g., TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diode, also called Transient Voltage suppression diode, etc.) switch, a Voltage-sensitive switch, etc., and may be any other suitable switch device, which is within the protection scope of the present application.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the battery cell 10 includes a cell body 18, and the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 respectively protrude from the cell body 18. In some embodiments, the switch unit 14 is a voltage-controlled switch unit, and the switch unit 14 may be disposed outside the cell main body 18. It should be understood that the positions of the switch units shown in fig. 1 are merely exemplary, and the positions of the switch units 14 outside the cell main body 18 may be designed according to the actual structure and the actual application of the battery cell 10. In other embodiments, the switch unit 14 may be in direct contact with the cell body 18, such as when the switch unit 14 is a temperature or voltage controlled switch unit.
Next, referring to fig. 2, when the switching unit 14 is turned on, a path is formed between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 of the battery cell 10, and the battery cell 10 is discharged through the path. Usually, the resistance value of the switch unit 14 after being closed is small, so the discharge current at this time is large, and the switch unit 14 may be burnt; and large current discharge may also cause the temperature of the battery cell 10 to increase, which is not favorable for battery cell safety. Therefore, in some embodiments, the battery cell 10 may further include a current limiting unit 15 connected in series with the switching unit 14, and the current limiting unit 15 is disposed between the first tab 11 and the switching unit 14 to perform a current limiting function. In one embodiment, the current limiting unit 15 may include a resistor (i.e., a resistance). In other embodiments, the current limiting unit 15 may also include other elements, devices, or combinations thereof for limiting the current. By arranging the current limiting unit 15, the discharge current when the switching unit 14 is turned on is reduced, and a proper voltage is formed between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12, so that the rapid discharge of the battery cell 10 is avoided. Thus, on the one hand, the switch unit 14 is protected from being burnt out due to overcurrent; on the other hand, the battery cell is protected, thermal runaway caused by rapid discharge at high temperature is avoided, and the safety performance of the battery cell is further improved.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the current limiting unit 15 may be connected in series between the switching unit 14 and the second pole ear 12. In this embodiment, the current limiting unit 15 may also perform the above-mentioned current limiting function, so as to reduce the discharge current of the battery cell and improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
In some embodiments, the upper limit value of the resistance of the current limiting unit 15 is related to the charging current and the resistance value of the switch unit 14 after being turned on, and the upper limit value R of the resistance of the current limiting unit 15 max The calculation can be made by the following formula:
R max ＝6V/I-R switch ；
wherein I represents a charging current, R switch Which indicates the resistance value of the switching unit 14 after the switching unit 14 is turned on.
In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 15 has a resistance value generally ranging from 0R max . For example, when the switching unit 14 is turned on, the resistance value of the switching unit 14 is 25m Ω, and the charging current is 16A, the upper limit value R of the resistance of the current limiting unit 15 is set max And 350m omega, the resistance value of the current limiting unit 15 is generally 0m omega-350 m omega. In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 15 has a resistance value of 0m Ω -350m Ω. In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 15 has a resistance value of 50m Ω -300m Ω. In some embodiments, the current limiting unit 15 has a resistance value of 100m Ω -250m Ω.
Referring to fig. 4, the cell main body 18 includes a sealing edge 182, and the first tab 11 and the second tab 12 respectively extend to the outside of the cell main body 18 through the sealing edge 182, wherein the switch unit 14 is disposed in the sealing edge 182. Therefore, the safety performance of the battery cell is improved, and other influences on the structure of the battery cell are avoided.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a battery including any one of the battery cells 10 described above.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells 10, and the plurality of battery cells 10 are sequentially connected in series. Each of the battery cells 10 may include a switching unit 14, and the switching unit 14 is connected between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12. In addition, in this embodiment, each battery cell 10 may further include a current limiting unit 15, and the current limiting unit 15 is connected in series between the switching unit 14 and the second pole lug 12.
In some embodiments, the battery includes a plurality of battery cells 10, and the plurality of battery cells 10 may be connected in parallel. In some embodiments, the plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in a suitable manner including a series connection and a parallel connection.
The following describes advantageous effects that can be achieved by the battery cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application through comparison of the overcharge test results of the specific embodiment and the comparative example. The battery cell 10 according to the embodiment of the present application is subjected to an overcharge test. The overcharge test method comprises the following steps: and under the condition of room temperature, discharging the battery cell to a voltage of 2.8V (indicating the voltage between the anode and the cathode of the battery cell) at a multiplying factor of 0.5C, then charging the battery cell to a voltage of 20V at a multiplying factor of 2C, then continuously charging the battery cell for 7 hours at a constant charging voltage of 20V, and ending the test. The judgment conditions for passing the overcharge test are as follows: the cells do not burn and do not explode, while the cells burn or explode and are regarded as failing the overcharge test, and the overcharge pass rate = (number of cells passing the test/number of cells passing the test) × 100%.
The following are some specific example and comparative example settings.
Example 1
Firstly, a battery core is prepared, a switch unit 14 is arranged between a first tab 11 and a second tab 12 of the battery core, and the switch unit adopts a temperature control switch (a normally open temperature switch KSD9700, the conduction temperature is 100 ℃).
Example 2
The same as embodiment 1, except that a current limiting unit 15 connected in series with a switching unit 14 is added between the first tab 11 and the second tab 12, and the resistance value of the current limiting unit is 200m Ω.
Example 3
The same as in embodiment 2, except that the resistance value of the current limiting unit is 250m Ω.
Example 4
The same as in embodiment 2, except that the resistance value of the current limiting unit is 300m Ω.
Example 5
The same as embodiment 2, except that the resistance value of the current limiting unit is 350m Ω.
Example 6
The same as example 2, except that a voltage control switch (TVS tube, conduction voltage 4.8V) is used instead of the temperature control switch (KSD 9700).
Example 7
The same as embodiment 6, except that the turn-on voltage of the TVS tube is 4.2V, the resistance value of the current limiting unit is 300m Ω.
Example 8
The same as example 7, except that the turn-on voltage of the TVS tube was 5V.
Example 9
The same as in example 7, except that the turn-on voltage of the TVS tube was 6V.
Comparative example 1
The same as the cell of example 1 except that the switching unit 14 was not provided, and the surface of the cathode active material particles was coated.
Comparative example 2
The same as the cell of example 1, except that the switching unit 14 was not provided, and an electrolyte additive for overcharge protection was added to the electrolyte.
Comparative example 3
The same as the cell of example 1, except that the switch unit 14 was not provided, and a polypropylene (PP) heat-resistant separator was used instead of the separator employed in the cell of example 1.
The cells of the same type and capacity are adopted in the examples 1 to 9 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the normally-open temperature switch devices of the same type are adopted in the examples 1 to 5, and the TVS tubes of the same type are adopted in the examples 6 to 9.
Tables 1 and 2 show the results of the tests of the overcharge pass rates of the cells of the respective examples and comparative examples described above.
Table 1 test results of comparative examples 1 to 3
| Test example | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Overcharge pass rate | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 test results of examples 1 to 9
| Test example | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Overcharge pass rate | 100％ | 100％ | 100％ | 100％ | 100％ |
| Test example | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 | Example 9 | / |
| Overcharge pass rate | 100％ | 100％ | 100％ | 100％ | / |
Can know through the overcharge percent of pass of comparison table 1 and table 2, compare with the electric core that adopts prior art, the overcharge performance of improvement electric core that this application embodiment provided can be fine, and then can improve the security performance of electric core.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The battery cell is characterized by comprising a first tab, a second tab and a switch unit, wherein two ends of the switch unit are respectively and electrically connected with the first tab and the second tab; when the battery cell is in a normal state, the switch unit is disconnected; when the battery cell is in an abnormal state, the switch unit is conducted;
the battery cell comprises a battery cell main body, the battery cell main body comprises a sealing edge, the first pole lug and the second pole lug extend to the outside of the battery cell main body through the sealing edge respectively, and the switch unit is arranged in the sealing edge.
2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the switch unit is controlled to be turned off and on by temperature, and the switch unit is turned on when the temperature of the battery cell reaches a temperature threshold.
3. The electrical core of claim 2, wherein the switching unit has a conduction temperature of 90 ℃ to 120 ℃.
4. The battery core according to claim 1, wherein the switch unit is controlled to be turned off and on by voltage, and when the voltage between the first pole lug and the second pole lug reaches the on-state voltage of the switch unit, the switch unit is turned on.
5. The battery cell of claim 4, wherein the on-state voltage of the switching unit is 4.2V-6V.
6. The electric core of claim 4, wherein the electric core comprises a core body, the first tab and the second tab respectively protrude from the core body, and the switch unit is disposed outside the core body.
7. The electrical core of claim 1, further comprising a current limiting unit connected in series with the switching unit, the current limiting unit being disposed between the first tab and the switching unit, or between the switching unit and the second tab.
8. The electrical core of claim 7, wherein the upper limit value of the resistance of the current limiting unit is R max ，R max ＝6V/I-R switch ；
Wherein I represents a charging current, R switch And the resistance value of the switch unit after being conducted is shown.
9. A battery comprising the cell of any of claims 1-8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910043358.5A CN111446410B (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2019-01-17 | Battery cell and battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910043358.5A CN111446410B (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2019-01-17 | Battery cell and battery |
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| CN111446410B true CN111446410B (en) | 2023-02-21 |
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Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999039421A1 (en) * | 1998-01-31 | 1999-08-05 | Oglesbee John W | Supplemental battery overcharge protection device |
| KR100782101B1 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2007-12-04 | 유니썸테크놀로지 주식회사 | Protection circuit and battery pack having the same |
| DE102007031565A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Accumulator with a fuse |
| DE102013204341A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Security element for battery cell |
| DE102014200206A1 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Power interruption device for traction batteries |
| CN107394102A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery protecting apparatus, cover plate assembly and battery |
| CN107394101A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery protecting apparatus, cover plate assembly and battery |
| DE102016220552A1 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Short-circuit switch, fast-charging unit, battery cell and working device |
| CN206685432U (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-11-28 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of battery cover board assembly and battery |
| CN107425152A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-01 | 江苏万达新能源科技股份有限公司 | One kind automatically powers off explosion-proof lithium battery lamina tecti and application |
| CN108305984A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-20 | 深圳市华源达科技有限公司 | A kind of housing of power cell |
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