CN111444190A - Grain quality safety tracing method based on value chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grain quality safety tracing method based on a value chain, which is characterized in that the technical scheme starts from the perspective of comprehensive quality management, takes responsibility as a base point, takes consumer confidence as a target, takes the processes of planting, processing, storing, transporting and selling of general agricultural products as clues, takes a six-force analysis model in the value chain as a tool, explains the agricultural product quality safety tracing model, and takes the model as a reference to construct an accurate quality tracing method Controllable and manageable, and finally provides a solution idea for solving the quality safety problem of agricultural products in China theoretically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grain quality safety, in particular to a grain quality safety tracing method based on a value chain.
Background
Establishing a traceable system of food quality safety is one of important means for strengthening food quality safety supervision. The food quality safety is not only related to the health and life safety of people, but also related to the economic development and social stability of the country;
therefore, a quality control system and a traceability system in the whole process from a production place to a market need to be established, the monitoring and management of key links such as the production place environment of grain products, the production process, product detection, package box identification and the like are carried out, and a grain quality safety supervision and traceability system with traceability of production, traceability, information storage, responsibility exploration and product recall is formed;
at present, the quality safety tracing technology for agricultural product grain is not mature, reports for establishing a tracing system by using an information technology are few and few, and in addition, the previous research of the agricultural product tracing system has some problems, so that the tracing system cannot perform early warning on traced data information and correct the illegal behaviors in corresponding links in time according to the early warning information, and the functionality of the grain quality safety tracing system is not perfect;
in view of the above, we provide a value chain-based grain quality safety traceability method for solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the grain quality safety tracing method based on the value chain, which can control and trace the quality safety of the whole process from planting to selling of grains, has the characteristics of inquiring, tracing, supervising, controlling, managing and the like of grain information, can early warn according to the traced key index data information, and timely designs and takes corresponding control and deviation rectifying measures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a grain quality safety tracing method based on a value chain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition, organization and storage management system based on an HACCP (Hadoop distributed control protocol) grain quality safety key control point index system, and realizing data acquisition on various links of grain production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like through electronic identification, so that the whole process can be inquired, traced, supervised, controllable and manageable;
and step two, analyzing the data information acquired in the step one through a six-force analysis model, determining important hazard sources, key control points and key information indexes of the quality safety of the grain products from the links of production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like of the grain by adopting a hazard analysis and key point control (HACCP) and fault model effect and key analysis (FMECA) method, and designing and taking corresponding control, monitoring and deviation rectifying measures.
Preferably: the electronic identification can be RFID, one-dimensional bar code, two-dimensional bar code or code spraying technology.
Preferably: and establishing a corresponding grain product tracing coding system according to the important hazard source, the key control point and the key information index of the grain product quality safety determined in the step two.
Preferably: the grain product tracing and coding system adopts the information classification coding standard specification, and realizes scientific, reasonable and feasible coding of key information indexes of products.
Preferably: and C, establishing a grain product quality safety major hazard source, a key control point and a key information index according to the grain product determined in the step II, setting a corresponding grain quality safety detection technology and a management early warning system, and performing centralized processing, storage and early warning on detection report data through the management early warning system.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
(1) the quality safety information of the whole grain production process is connected and recorded by combining the RFID technology and the bar code technology, the whole-process quality safety tracking from farmlands to dining tables and the tracking in the grain quality safety tracking system pilot market are realized, and two social and ecological benefits can be generated;
(2) social benefits, through establishment and application of the grain quality safety tracing system, the comprehensive and multi-angle digital supervision can be performed on the whole processes of grain production and circulation, such as use of input products, key links of grain production, quality of agricultural products and the like, so that the input of production data can be met according to standards, the regulation of grain production and management can be followed, and the circulation of agricultural products can be checked by files. Greatly promotes the establishment of agricultural standardization, ensures the quality of agricultural products from the source, improves the living quality of people, increases the income of farmers, and solves the problems of agriculture, agriculture and the like to a certain extent;
(3) ecological benefits, establish the application standard of the input articles such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the grain production process, realize the powerful supervision on the types and the usage amount of the input articles, on one hand, put an end to the serious danger of human health and environmental hazard that the input articles enter an ecological system through grain production, on the other hand, through the accurate management of the pesticides and the chemical fertilizers in the grain production process, the usage amount is reduced, the pollution to natural environments such as soil and water sources and agricultural products is reduced, the healthy development of the living environment and the body of people is ensured, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
Description of the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a value chain-based grain quality safety tracing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a database model of product transportation management data according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a product planting management database model according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a database model for product warehousing management according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a database model for product transactions in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a database model for product processing according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a farming activity database model according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the encoding rule for tracing the production area of the grain quality safety according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a 11-bit batch traceback encoding rule format according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a grain quality safety traceability coding design coding rule according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the merchandise identification code of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the product lot number of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be more fully described in connection with the following embodiments.
A grain quality safety tracing method based on a value chain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a grain quality safety key control point index system based on HACCP (Hadoop distributed Consumer) establishes a grain production multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition, organization and storage management system, collects input product information of links of production ante-partum, production middle-partum, and post-partum of grain, utilizes an electronic identification technology to collect multi-source data combining a point source and a non-point source, namely, data acquisition is carried out on links of production, sale, product storage, processing, transportation, sale and the like of grain products through the electronic identification technology, data information (including grain quality safety related information in each link) of the grain products collected by the electronic identification technology in each link, and can realize whole-course material-machine conversation of the agricultural products from a farm to a dining table through wireless sensing, network transmission, video monitoring technology and the like, and consumer can realize whole-material-, The method is characterized in that the 'identity card' and 'history table' of agricultural products, namely, where, who produces, what time produces, whether the intermediate processing links are illegal or not, whether the intermediate processing links are perfect according to standardization and the like are checked in the modes of telephone, internet video and the like, so that the data acquisition of each link of grain production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like is really realized;
referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a data information model of a grain product in a transportation management process, referring to fig. 3 and 7, a schematic diagram of a data acquisition information model of the grain product in a production and planting process, referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a data information model in grain product warehousing management, referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of a data information model of the grain product during transaction and sale, referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a data information model of the grain product during processing, and further, the acquired data information model enables the whole process of the grain product to be queryable, traceable, supervisoable, controllable and manageable;
aiming at the characteristics of multiple sources, isomerism and distributivity of acquired data, in the aspect of multi-source heterogeneous data storage, a data organization method based on attribute separation storage is adopted in the research, data tables are respectively established according to each attribute of grain crops, the attributes do not have dependency relations, different attributes of each crop are stored in different data tables, and the same attributes of different crops are stored in the same data table;
the attribute data in each attribute table needs to have a main key, different values of the main key represent different grain crops, different attributes of the data are related through the main key, and the implementation of the method needs two steps: the method comprises the steps of establishing a data table and storing data, wherein the characteristics of data storage safety, expansion and data attributes are comprehensively considered, an internal cloud storage mode is adopted for data storage of the grain tracing system, a user is allowed to use different servers to form a massive and extensible storage pool, the storage pool can be used by multiple users, and the requirements of easiness in management, easiness in expansion, high storage capacity and high safety performance can be met;
and secondly, analyzing the multi-source data information acquired in the first step through a six-force analysis model, determining major hazard sources, key control points and key information indexes of the quality and safety of the grain products from the links of production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like of the grain by adopting a hazard analysis and key point control (HACCP) and fault model effect and key analysis (FMECA) method, recording the excessive situation of a monitored place by a server once the excessive situation is found, and giving an alarm, wherein the server can design and adopt corresponding control, monitoring and deviation correction measures according to the early warning information given out by the system.
In the second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, the electronic identifier may be an RFID, a one-dimensional barcode, a two-dimensional barcode, or a code-spraying technology, and the quality safety related information of the grain (production, transportation, storage, processing, and sale) in each link is traced through an RFID radio frequency technology, a two-dimensional barcode technology, and the like.
In the third embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, a corresponding grain product tracing coding system is established according to the important hazard source of grain product quality safety, the key control points and the key information indexes determined in the second step;
specifically, the grain product is set with the traced key nodes at different stages of five links of production, transportation, storage, processing and sale, and the data items of the key nodes are designed according to the key data of the key nodes, such as (1) the production and planting link: the method comprises three parts of contents of seeding, farming activities and harvesting, wherein the farming activities comprise links of using agricultural materials, field activities, using agricultural tools and the like, and aiming at the contents, key data are respectively set in the links of seeding, using agricultural materials, field activities, using agricultural tools and harvesting, and required data items are designed;
(2) a warehousing processing link: the method comprises the contents of raw material input, additive use, machinery use, product output and the like, and key data are required to be set for the contents and required data items are designed;
various data information related in the key nodes needs to be coded and designed so as to clearly and clearly query various data information of the grain products in the key nodes, such as a production and planting link and a storage and processing link.
On the basis of the third embodiment, the grain product tracing coding system adopts the information classification coding standard specification to realize scientific, reasonable and feasible coding of key information indexes of the product;
(1) in the grain production and planting link, referring to 'agricultural product producing area coding rule' (NY/T1430-2007), according to the requirement, the following grain quality safety tracing producing area coding rule is formulated, as shown in the attached figure 8;
The code segment 3 takes 3 bits and is the village code.
The code segment 5 occupies 2 bits, is a place of origin classification code and indicates whether the grain field is high in standard or not, grain types and the like;
whether the grain field is a high-standard grain field or not is judged, namely, elements influencing the quality of grain products such as soil, water source, planting management conditions (such as pesticide and chemical fertilizer use) and the like of the grain production area and data information of the elements are traced back through a bar code technology, so that the soil, the water quality of the production area and the detailed management details during planting are recorded and checked, and whether the grain field is the high-standard grain field or not is judged;
the end code X1, which is a check code, is CRC cyclic redundancy coded.
(2) In the grain harvesting and processing link, the harvesting and processing process is a key link of grain product quality safety, the coding design follows the basic principle of commodity entry coding, the comprehensiveness of the tracing information is also considered, the length of the tracing code is also shortened as much as possible, so that the 11-bit batch tracing coding rule is adopted after analysis for the convenience of bar code printing and for occupying less character space as much as possible during query, and the format is shown in figure 9;
the code X11 is a category code indicating a raw material, a semi-finished product, a finished product or a finished product.
The code X10 is a product name code, which indicates wheat, corn, etc.
The code segment 3 is a batch number.
The end code X1, which is a check code, is CRC cyclic redundancy coded.
(3) Grain quality safety tracing code design, wherein the quality safety tracing code is a code for a terminal user to trace links of grain production, processing, sale and the like, and the coding rule design is shown in an attached figure 10;
the item identification code is as shown in FIG. 11;
the product batch number is as shown in figure 12;
the commodity identification code adopts an international universal EAN/UCC-13 bar code coding mode and consists of a manufacturer identification code, a commodity item code and a check bit, and the tail check bit still uses a CRC cyclic redundancy code.
By establishing the grain product tracing coding system, the key information indexes of grain products related in the key nodes can be quickly inquired, real and effective quality control and effective tracing in the grain production process are realized, and the grain safety is ensured.
Fifth, on the basis of the first embodiment, a grain quality safety major hazard source, a key control point and a key information index of the grain product are established according to the grain product determined in the second step, a corresponding grain quality safety detection technology and a corresponding management early warning system are set, a detection report of the key information index of the product is tracked through an electronic identifier, and centralized processing, storage and early warning of detection report data are realized;
for example, in the grain production and planting link, a rapid detection technology for 3-5 heavy metals such as main pesticide (organic phosphorus and carbamate) residues, nitrite, lead, cadmium and the like in grain products is established, and a management early warning system is used for realizing the scattered acquisition, transmission, centralized processing, storage and early warning of data, and realizing the dynamic trend analysis, prediction and early warning aiming at different safety indexes.
The invention combines the integration of RFID technology, bar code technology and the like, connects and records the quality safety information of the whole grain production process, realizes the whole-process quality safety tracking from farmlands to dining tables and the tracking in the trial market of a grain quality safety tracking system, and can generate two benefits of society and ecology;
social benefits, through the establishment and application of the grain quality safety tracing system, the comprehensive and multi-angle digital supervision can be carried out on the whole processes of grain production and circulation, such as the use of input products, key links of grain production, the quality of agricultural products and the like, so that the input of production data can be met by standards, the regulation of grain production and management can be followed, the circulation of the agricultural products can be checked by files, the establishment of agricultural standardization is greatly promoted, the quality of the agricultural products is ensured from the source, the life quality of people is improved, the income of farmers is increased, and the problems of three agricultural crops are solved to a certain extent;
ecological benefits, establish the application standard of the input articles such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the grain production process, realize the powerful supervision on the types and the usage amount of the input articles, on one hand, put an end to the serious danger of human health and environmental hazard that the input articles enter an ecological system through grain production, on the other hand, through the accurate management of the pesticides and the chemical fertilizers in the grain production process, the usage amount is reduced, the pollution to natural environments such as soil and water sources and agricultural products is reduced, the healthy development of the living environment and the body of people is ensured, and the sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications conforming to the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A grain quality safety tracing method based on a value chain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition, organization and storage management system based on an HACCP (Hadoop distributed control protocol) grain quality safety key control point index system, and realizing data acquisition on various links of grain production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like through electronic identification, so that the whole process can be inquired, traced, supervised, controllable and manageable;
and step two, analyzing the data information acquired in the step one through a six-force analysis model, determining important hazard sources, key control points and key information indexes of the quality safety of the grain products from the links of production, transportation, storage, processing, sale and the like of the grain by adopting a hazard analysis and key point control (HACCP) and fault model effect and key analysis (FMECA) method, and designing and taking corresponding control, monitoring and deviation rectifying measures.
2. The value chain-based grain quality safety tracing method of claim 1, wherein:
the electronic identification can be RFID, one-dimensional bar code, two-dimensional bar code or code spraying technology.
3. The value chain-based grain quality safety tracing method of claim 1, wherein:
and establishing a corresponding grain product tracing coding system according to the important hazard source, the key control point and the key information index of the grain product quality safety determined in the step two.
4. The value chain-based grain quality safety tracing method of claim 3, wherein: the grain product tracing and coding system adopts the information classification coding standard specification, and realizes scientific, reasonable and feasible coding of key information indexes of products.
5. The value chain-based grain quality safety tracing method of claim 1, wherein: and C, establishing a grain product quality safety major hazard source, a key control point and a key information index according to the grain product determined in the step II, setting a corresponding grain quality safety detection technology and a management early warning system, and performing centralized processing, storage and early warning on detection report data through the management early warning system.
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| CN112184023A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 山东浪潮通软信息科技有限公司 | Grain and oil quality tracing method and device and readable medium |
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