CN111443594B - Boiler oxygen tracking control method based on estimation model - Google Patents

Boiler oxygen tracking control method based on estimation model Download PDF

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CN111443594B
CN111443594B CN202010177879.2A CN202010177879A CN111443594B CN 111443594 B CN111443594 B CN 111443594B CN 202010177879 A CN202010177879 A CN 202010177879A CN 111443594 B CN111443594 B CN 111443594B
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oxygen
deviation
action
air
formula
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丁宇鸣
程玮琨
许伟强
张方
苏凯
罗成
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/36Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
    • G05B11/42Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.
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    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • G05B13/042Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • G05D11/13Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/131Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring the values related to the quantity of the individual components
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    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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Abstract

The invention discloses a boiler oxygen tracking control method based on an estimation model, which adopts dynamic characteristics based on oxygen deviation and air supply quantity requirements under the working condition of a boiler, and determines the estimated fast acting quantity and the optimal time of action of an air supply actuator through an estimation model controller, so that the problem that the oxygen quantity is rapidly changed under the disturbance condition of external factors to enable the oxygen quantity to be rapidly restored to the vicinity of a set value under the working condition is solved, and the PID closed-loop control is combined to inhibit the deterioration condition of the oxygen deviation, thereby obviously improving the robustness of a system.

Description

Boiler oxygen tracking control method based on estimation model
Technical Field
The invention relates to a boiler oxygen tracking control method based on an estimation model, and belongs to the field of nonlinear control of boiler oxygen of coal-fired units of thermal power plants.
Background
The boiler oxygen is an important parameter for controlling an air supply system of a large coal-fired unit, the tracking condition of a set value of the boiler oxygen directly affects boiler efficiency and NOx emission concentration, particularly under a variable working condition, the boiler can realize the rapid response of load by rapidly adjusting the coal supply amount and the air supply amount, so that the oxygen is excessively deviated from the set value, the traditional PID closed loop control has a reverse regulation effect in the actual adjustment process due to the characteristic of oxygen delay, the combustion working condition of the boiler is unstable, and partial units block the PID output of the oxygen under the conditions of variable load or abnormal coal supply of the unit, so that the phenomena of the instantaneous concentration of NOx is raised, the boiler efficiency is low and the like are caused.
In the research of most of oxygen optimization control at present, the set value of the oxygen is optimized mainly by boiler efficiency and NOx indexes, and the problems of abnormal oxygen tracking, adjustment lag and the like under the conditions of equipment changes such as fans, fuel fluctuation and heat value fluctuation, dynamic working conditions and abnormal working conditions are not solved by adopting the traditional PID closed-loop control on the control of oxygen automatic tracking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a boiler oxygen tracking control method based on an estimation model, which solves the problems that the oxygen quantity is rapidly changed under the disturbance condition of external factors to enable the oxygen quantity to be rapidly recovered to the vicinity of a set value under the working condition, and the system robustness is remarkably improved by combining PID closed-loop control to inhibit the deterioration condition of the oxygen quantity deviation.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a boiler oxygen tracking control method based on an estimation model is characterized in that: when the oxygen quantity generates large deviation under external disturbance, the quick action quantity output based on the estimation model directly acts on the air quantity adjusting actuator of the blower to quickly pull back the oxygen quantity, and the air quantity set value is adjusted by combining the oxygen quantity PID closed-loop control output oxygen quantity coefficient, and the air quantity is adjusted to approach the oxygen quantity set value through the air supply PID.
Based on the dynamic characteristics of oxygen deviation and the air supply quantity requirement under the working condition of the boiler, the estimated fast acting quantity and the optimal time of the action of the air supply actuator are determined through an estimated model controller, and the estimated model controller specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: collecting deviation E and air quantity set value A of a real-time value of boiler oxygen quantity and an oxygen quantity set value, and performing differential calculation on the oxygen quantity deviation E to obtain a deviation change rate DE, wherein the oxygen quantity deviation E, the deviation change rate DE and the air quantity set value A are used as input variables of an estimation model controller, and the air quantity set value A is obtained from total coal feeding quantity M through an air-coal function; taking the fast action correction U and the action delay correction time T of the fan control actuator as the output quantity of the estimated model controller;
d2: the fast motion correction amount U of the fan actuator of the estimation model controller in D1 is specifically:
calculating to obtain a quick action correction U of the fan actuator according to the first formula group;
the first formula group is:
Figure GDA0004157076450000021
wherein a is an adjustable deviation limit, LAG { [ DELAY (U) 1 ,T)],T G Is an inertial link with a variable inertial time constant and a transfer function of
Figure GDA0004157076450000022
The input signal being a function DELAY (U) 1 T), S is Laplace transformation operator, T G An adjustable inertial time constant is set;
d3: function DELAY (U) in the first formula group in D2 1 T) is a pure delay element with a transfer function of
Figure GDA0004157076450000023
The input signal is a reference action quantity U1 of a fan actuator, S is a Laplacian transformation operator, and T is pure delay time;
d4: the reference action amount U1 of the fan actuator in D3 is specifically:
calculating according to a second formula to obtain a reference action quantity U1 of the fan actuator
The second formula is: u (U) 1 =F 1 (E,DE)×F 2 (A);
Continuous piecewise function
Figure GDA0004157076450000024
(k 1, k2 … kn; b1, b2, … bn are constants) as motion components estimated from the oxygen amount deviation and the oxygen amount deviation change rate, i, j being weight values of the oxygen amount deviation E and the oxygen amount deviation change rate DE in the second formula, respectively;
continuous piecewise function
Figure GDA0004157076450000025
(l 1 ,l 2 …l n ;m 1 ,m 2 ,…m n Constant) as an action component coefficient estimated from the total air volume setting value;
d5: the pure delay time T in D3 is specifically:
obtaining delay time T according to a third formula group;
the third formula is:
Figure GDA0004157076450000031
(p 1 ,p 2 …p n ;q 1 ,q 2 …q n constant), and α, β are weight values of the oxygen amount deviation E and the oxygen amount deviation change rate DE in the third formula, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: based on the traditional closed-loop control of the oxygen quantity PID and the air supply PID, the invention analyzes and researches the action quantity and oxygen quantity change data of the air quantity control executor of the air feeder by introducing the oxygen quantity deviation, the oxygen quantity deviation change rate and the air supply quantity set value, uses the estimation model formula to perform configuration operation on the unit DCS, and adjusts parameters of the model to obtain the effect of quick response to the deviation dynamic condition caused by the disturbance of the working condition of the boiler, quickly reduces the deviation of the oxygen quantity and the set value, and performs closed-loop control on the small deviation by the PID, thereby effectively solving the control difficulty existing in the control of the oxygen quantity of the boiler, having the advantages of quick tracking speed, small overshoot and strong anti-interference capability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a DCS logic configuration of an estimation model in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of the control result of the present invention during actual operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, in the present embodiment, when a large deviation occurs in the oxygen amount under external disturbance, a fast motion amount output based on an estimation model directly acts on an air volume adjustment actuator of a blower to quickly pull back the oxygen amount, and an oxygen amount PID closed-loop control output oxygen amount coefficient is combined to adjust an air volume set value, and the air volume is adjusted to approach the oxygen amount set value by the air supply PID.
Based on the dynamic characteristics of oxygen deviation and the air supply quantity requirement under the working condition of the boiler, the estimated fast acting quantity and the optimal time of the action of the air supply actuator are determined through an estimated model controller, and the estimated model controller specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: collecting deviation E and air quantity set value A of a real-time value of boiler oxygen quantity and an oxygen quantity set value, and performing differential calculation on the oxygen quantity deviation E to obtain a deviation change rate DE, wherein the oxygen quantity deviation E, the deviation change rate DE and the air quantity set value A are used as input variables of an estimation model controller, and the air quantity set value A is obtained from total coal feeding quantity M through an air-coal function; taking the fast action correction U and the action delay correction time T of the fan control actuator as the output quantity of the estimated model controller;
d2: the fast motion correction amount U of the fan actuator of the estimation model controller in D1 is specifically:
calculating to obtain a quick action correction U of the fan actuator according to the first formula group;
the first formula group is:
Figure GDA0004157076450000041
wherein a is an adjustable deviation limit, LAG { [ DELAY (U) 1 ,T)],T G Is an inertial link with a variable inertial time constant and a transfer function of
Figure GDA0004157076450000042
The input signal being a function DELAY (U) 1 T), S is Laplace transformation operator, T G An adjustable inertial time constant is set;
D3:D2the function DELAY (U) 1 T) is a pure delay element with a transfer function of
Figure GDA0004157076450000043
The input signal is a reference action quantity U1 of a fan actuator, S is a Laplacian transformation operator, and T is pure delay time;
d4: the reference action amount U1 of the fan actuator in D3 is specifically:
calculating according to a second formula to obtain a reference action quantity U1 of the fan actuator
The second formula is: u (U) 1 =F 1 (E,DE)×F 2 (A);
Continuous piecewise function
Figure GDA0004157076450000044
(k 1, k2 … kn; b1, b2, … bn are constants) as motion components estimated from the oxygen amount deviation and the oxygen amount deviation change rate, i, j being weight values of the oxygen amount deviation E and the oxygen amount deviation change rate DE in the second formula, respectively;
continuous piecewise function
Figure GDA0004157076450000045
(l 1 ,l 2 …l n ;m 1 ,m 2 ,…m n Constant) as an action component coefficient estimated from the total air volume setting value;
d5: the pure delay time T in D3 is specifically:
obtaining delay time T according to a third formula group;
the third formula is:
Figure GDA0004157076450000046
(p 1 ,p 2 …p n ;q 1 ,q 2 …q n constant), and α, β are weight values of the oxygen amount deviation E and the oxygen amount deviation change rate DE in the third formula, respectively.
From the data curve analysis of fig. 3, after the disturbance appears suddenly in the coal feeding amount, the air quantity set value also changes, the blower liquid couple is recovered after the air quantity PID output is started quickly, at this time, the oxygen amount has a quick descending trend after a period of delay, the oxygen amount is difficult to be restrained quickly to continue to descend rapidly only by means of the oxygen amount PID, and when the oxygen amount deviation is larger than 0.3, the estimation module outputs the quick action amount of the blower liquid couple, so that the deterioration of the oxygen amount is restrained successfully, and the oxygen amount is recovered to the vicinity of the set value.
The on-site actual put-into-operation result shows that the provided boiler oxygen tracking control method based on the estimation model effectively solves the control difficulty existing in boiler oxygen control, has a control effect superior to PID control, and has the advantages of high tracking speed, small overshoot and strong anti-interference capability.
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A boiler oxygen tracking control method based on an estimation model is characterized in that: when the oxygen quantity generates large deviation under external disturbance, the quick action quantity output based on the estimation model directly acts on the air quantity adjusting actuator of the air blower to quickly pull back the oxygen quantity, and the air quantity setting value is adjusted by combining the oxygen quantity PID closed-loop control output oxygen quantity coefficient, and the air quantity is adjusted to approach the oxygen quantity setting value through the air supply PID;
based on the dynamic characteristics of oxygen deviation and the air supply quantity requirement under the working condition of the boiler, the estimated fast acting quantity and the optimal time of the action of the air supply actuator are determined through an estimated model controller, and the estimated model controller specifically comprises the following steps:
d1: collecting deviation E and air quantity set value A of a real-time value of boiler oxygen quantity and an oxygen quantity set value, and performing differential calculation on the oxygen quantity deviation E to obtain a deviation change rate DE, wherein the oxygen quantity deviation E, the deviation change rate DE and the air quantity set value A are used as input variables of an estimation model controller, and the air quantity set value A is obtained from total coal feeding quantity M through an air-coal function; taking the fast action correction U and the action delay correction time T of the fan control actuator as the output quantity of the estimated model controller;
d2: the fast motion correction amount U of the fan actuator of the estimation model controller in D1 is specifically:
calculating to obtain a quick action correction U of the fan actuator according to the first formula group;
the first formula group is:
Figure FDA0004166867490000011
wherein a is an adjustable deviation limit, LAG { [ DELAY (U) 1 ,T)],T G Is an inertial link with a variable inertial time constant and a transfer function of
Figure FDA0004166867490000012
The input signal being a function DELAY (U) 1 T), S is Laplace transformation operator, T G An adjustable inertial time constant is set;
d3: function DELAY (U) in the first formula group in D2 1 T) is a pure delay element with a transfer function of
Figure FDA0004166867490000013
The input signal is a reference action quantity U1 of a fan actuator, S is a Laplacian transformation operator, and T is pure delay time;
d4: the reference action amount U1 of the fan actuator in D3 is specifically:
calculating according to a second formula to obtain a reference action quantity U1 of the fan actuator
The second formula is: u (U) 1 =F 1 (E,DE)×F 2 (A);
Continuous piecewise function
Figure FDA0004166867490000014
k1, k2 … kn, b1, b2 … bn are constants as a change rate by the oxygen amount deviation and the oxygen amount deviationThe estimated action components i and j are weight values of the oxygen deviation E and the oxygen deviation change rate DE in a second formula respectively;
continuous piecewise function
Figure FDA0004166867490000021
l 1 、l 2 …l n 、m 1 、m 2 …m n As a constant, as an action component coefficient estimated from the total air volume setting value;
d5: the pure delay time T in D3 is specifically:
obtaining delay time T according to a third formula group;
the third formula is:
Figure FDA0004166867490000022
p 1 、p 2 …p n 、q 1 、q 2 …q n the values α and β are weights of the oxygen amount deviation E and the oxygen amount deviation change rate DE in the third formula, respectively, as constants.
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