CN111443481B - Optical wavefront modulation device and method based on temperature response - Google Patents
Optical wavefront modulation device and method based on temperature response Download PDFInfo
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- CN111443481B CN111443481B CN202010286332.6A CN202010286332A CN111443481B CN 111443481 B CN111443481 B CN 111443481B CN 202010286332 A CN202010286332 A CN 202010286332A CN 111443481 B CN111443481 B CN 111443481B
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- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
Abstract
There is provided an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response, comprising: a first layer comprising a hydrogel, the first layer having opposing first and second surfaces; and the first micro-nano structure units are arranged on the first surface at intervals. By changing the temperature of the first layer, the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units can be changed, the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units is adjusted, and the dynamic wave-front modulation of emergent light is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical wavefront modulation device and method based on temperature response, and belongs to the field of micro-nano optics.
Background
At present, technologies such as electric control, mechanical drive, chemical exposure, optical pumping, temperature control and the like can realize dynamic modulation of optical wavefront, but the technologies are difficult to realize simultaneous modulation of two polarization components of light and are not suitable for integration.
In addition, the metasurface can modulate the optical wavefront at a pixel level, for example, chinese patent ZL201811090766.8 discloses a method for realizing wavefront modulation based on a medium conformal metasurface, wherein a metasurface unit structure is designed, the metasurface is composed of medium round nano-pillar arrays with different geometric sizes, and the metasurface arbitrarily regulates and controls the phase of an outgoing light beam by changing the geometric radius and height of the nano-pillar units; when only a single curved surface is considered, the phase distribution of incident light passing through the curved surface is calculated according to a light ray tracing method or a finite difference time domain method FDTD, and then the phase distribution of a user customized function is calculated according to a diffraction theory or holographic principle analysis method, so that the phase difference of the conformal metasurfaces of the medium and the medium is used for compensating the phase difference of the two metasurfaces to code the metasurfaces. The customized functions include lens focusing, adjustable anomalous refraction, optical stealth and phantom functions, which can solve corresponding technical problems in the field of wearable electronics, medical devices or optoelectronic devices.
However, the post-processing structure in current metasurfaces is fixed, which results in that the current metasurfaces cannot achieve dynamic modulation of the light wavefront.
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an optical wavefront modulation device and method based on temperature response to solve one or more of the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response, including:
a first layer having an expanded state and a contracted state as a function of temperature, the first layer having opposing first and second surfaces; and
and the plurality of first micro-nano structure units are arranged on the first surface at intervals.
According to another aspect of the invention, the optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response further comprises a second layer disposed below the first layer and in contact with the second surface.
According to another aspect of the invention, the plurality of first micro-nano structure units form a resonator array, and the first layer comprises hydrogel.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, the second layer is a substrate having light reflecting or light transmitting properties.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, the substrate is a metal substrate or a glass substrate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response further comprises a plurality of second micro-nano structure units, and the plurality of second micro-nano structure units are arranged on the first surface at intervals.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first and second micro-nano structure units are staggered.
According to another aspect of the invention, the coupling distance between the first micro-nano structure units is different from the coupling distance between the second micro-nano structure units.
According to another aspect of the invention, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response further comprises a temperature adjusting unit, which is used for changing the temperature of the first layer to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units and adjusting the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for performing wavefront modulation by using the wavefront modulation device based on temperature response is provided, wherein the temperature of the first layer is changed to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units, and the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units is adjusted to realize dynamic wavefront modulation on emergent light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has one or more of the following technical effects:
firstly, the isotropic and anisotropic resonators are arranged on the metasurface to serve as modulation units, so that the two polarization components of incident light can be independently modulated;
secondly, the thermal response type first layer such as hydrogel can expand below the critical temperature and collapse above the critical temperature, resonators (micro-nano structure units) are arranged on the surface of the first layer, so that the effect of performing dynamic temperature control modulation on incident light and reflected light by a metastructure can be realized, and the product is easy to integrate;
thirdly, the invention can be used in the fields of data compression, wave front selection, lens design, data transmission, anti-counterfeiting technology, holographic display and the like, and provides a new light wave front modulation scheme.
Drawings
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments. The drawings relate to preferred embodiments of the invention and are described below:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments, one or more examples of which are illustrated in each figure. The examples are provided by way of explanation and are not meant as limitations. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on or in conjunction with any other embodiment to yield yet a further embodiment. It is intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations.
In the following description of the drawings, like reference numerals designate identical or similar structures. Generally, only the differences between the individual embodiments will be described. Descriptions of parts or aspects in one embodiment can also be applied to corresponding parts or aspects in another embodiment, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. The optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response can comprise:
a first layer 2 having an expanded state and a contracted state with a change in temperature, the first layer 2 having opposite first and second surfaces; and
and a plurality of first micro-nano structure units 1 are arranged on the first surface at intervals.
It can be understood that, in order to realize the modulation of the polarization state of the incident light, the resonators (micro-nano structure units) are arranged on the surface of the first layer 2 as modulation units in an array, and the expansion or contraction state can be changed by changing the temperature, so as to change the distance between adjacent resonators, the state of the coupling effect (coupling and non-coupling), and the strength of the coupling effect.
It should be noted that incident light may be transmitted in the first layer 2, for example, the incident light may be incident to the first micro-nano structure unit 1 and then exit after passing through the first layer 2, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the incident light passes through the first layer 2, is reflected by, for example, a substrate (which may be any other reflecting member) described later, returns to the first layer 2 and the first micro-nano structure unit 1 again, and is emitted.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response further comprises a second layer 3, the second layer 3 being disposed below the first layer 2 and in contact with the second surface.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the plurality of first micro-nano structure units 1 form a resonator array. Further, the first layer 2 may for example comprise a hydrogel, but the invention is not limited thereto, other light-transmitting materials having an expanded state (with temperature change) and a contracted state are possible.
Preferably, the second layer 3 is a substrate having light reflecting or light transmitting properties. Referring to fig. 3, the substrate is transparent and can transmit light, and incident light enters the micro-nano structure unit from above and exits downwards through the first layer 2 and the substrate. Referring to fig. 2, the substrate has a light reflection property, and can emit light, and incident light enters the micro-nano structure unit from above, is reflected upward by the substrate after passing through the first layer 2, and exits upward through the first layer 2 and the micro-nano structure unit.
Preferably, the substrate is a metal substrate or a glass substrate.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response further includes a plurality of second micro-nano structure units 4, and the plurality of second micro-nano structure units 4 are arranged on the first surface at intervals.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, the first and second micro-nano structure units 1 and 4 are arranged in a staggered manner. The first micro-nano structure unit 1 is, for example, a ring shape, and the second micro-nano structure unit 4 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any suitable shape of micro-nano structure unit is permissible.
Preferably, the coupling distance between the first micro-nano structure units 1 is different from the coupling distance between the second micro-nano structure units 4. For example, the coupling distance L between adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1 is smaller than the coupling distance L between adjacent second micro-nano structure units 4. It will be appreciated that when the first layer 2 is in the expanded state, the distance between adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1 and the distance between adjacent second micro-nano structure units 4 are both increased, for example, the distance may be increased to disable the coupling between adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1, while the coupling between adjacent second micro-nano structure units 4 is still effective, but the coupling strength is reduced, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Preferably, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response further comprises a temperature adjusting unit (not shown) for changing the temperature of the first layer 2 to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1 and adjust the coupling strength or coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1.
Preferably, a method for performing wavefront modulation by using the wavefront modulation device based on temperature response is further provided, wherein the temperature of the first layer 2 is changed to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1, and the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units 1 is adjusted to realize dynamic wavefront modulation of emergent light.
Preferably, wavefront modulation of only reflected or transmitted light can be achieved by altering the substrate material.
Preferably, the first layer 2 is, for example, a hydrogel layer.
Preferably, different materials may be selected as substrates for the metasurfaces in order to achieve independent modulation effects on reflected light and transmitted light, respectively. The metasurface modulates the reflected light when a metal material such as gold is selected as a substrate; the metasurface modulates the transmitted light when a transparent material such as glass is selected as the substrate. In addition, independent modulation of different polarization components of emergent light can be realized by designing different resonators (micro-nano structure units).
Preferably, various resonators (isotropy and anisotropy) are placed on the surface of the hydrogel as modulation units to form a metasurface, different substrates are selected to achieve independent modulation effects on incident light and reflected light, and dynamic wavefront modulation effects on emergent light can be achieved by changing temperature. For example, the first micro-nano structure unit 1 and the second micro-nano structure unit 4 may be a combination of an isotropic resonator and an anisotropic resonator.
The main technical principle of the invention is as follows: arranging resonators (micro-nano structure units) as modulation units on a first layer 2 of a temperature response type, wherein the first layer 2 expands below a critical temperature, the distance between adjacent resonators is enlarged, and when the distance between adjacent resonators is larger than the requirement of a coupling effect, the coupling effect of the resonators disappears, and incident light is not modulated; when the temperature is higher than the critical temperature of the first layer 2, the first layer 2 contracts, the distance between adjacent resonators is reduced, a coupling effect is generated, and incident light is modulated, so that the incident light is dynamically modulated.
It can be understood that, according to the optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response of the present invention, by changing the temperature of the first layer 2, the switching between the expansion state and the contraction state can be achieved, so as to adjust the distance between the adjacent resonators, achieve the adjustment of the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent resonators, and further achieve the dynamic modulation of the incident light, so as to output the modulated emergent light.
According to an exemplary preferred embodiment of the present invention, three applications of hydrogel-based polarized light transmission and reflection control techniques are provided.
Preferably, in a first application example, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response comprises a hydrogel and a metasurface composed of a resonator array, and gold is selected as the lowermost substrate, wherein the ring resonators are arranged on the metasurface as modulation units, as shown in fig. 2. When the external temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the hydrogel, the hydrogel expands, the adjacent ring resonators do not generate coupling effect, and the reflected light is not modulated; when the outside is higher than the critical temperature of the hydrogel, the hydrogel shrinks, the distance between the adjacent ring resonators is reduced, and when linearly polarized light is incident on the metamaterial surface, the coupling effect between the ring resonators is excited, and the reflected light is linearly polarized light in the same polarization state. The independent phase modulation of the reflected light of each ring resonator can be realized by changing the size and the height of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each ring resonator, the modulation range can be 0-2 pi, and the ring resonator can be used as an information storage and recording device.
Preferably, in a second application example, the optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response comprises a hydrogel and a metasurface composed of a resonator array, and glass is selected as the lowest substrate, wherein rectangular resonators are arranged on the metasurface as modulation units, the included angle between each modulation unit and the x-axis is 45 degrees, and the coupling effect between adjacent resonators can be excited within the deformation range of the hydrogel, as shown in fig. 3. When linearly polarized light enters the metamaterial surface along the x direction, the coupling effect among the rectangular resonators is excited, and the polarization state of transmitted light is perpendicular to the incident light. The independent phase modulation of the transmitted light at each rectangular resonator can be realized by changing the length, the width and the height of the rectangular resonators, the modulation range can be 0-2 pi, and the rectangular resonators can be used as information storage and recording devices.
Preferably, in a third application example, the optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response comprises a hydrogel and a metasurface composed of a resonator array, and the incident light can be modulated differently by changing the material of the substrate, wherein the ring-shaped and rectangular resonators are alternately arranged on the metasurface along the x-axis as modulation units, and the included angle between each rectangular modulation unit and the x-axis is 45 degrees, as shown in fig. 4. The coupling effect can be excited between adjacent rectangular resonators within the deformation range of the hydrogel, and the coupling effect can be excited between adjacent ring resonators only in the contracted state of the hydrogel. When gold is selected as the lowest substrate, when the external temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the hydrogel, the hydrogel expands, no coupling effect occurs between adjacent ring resonators, and no reflected light is modulated; when the outside is higher than the critical temperature of the hydrogel, the hydrogel shrinks and the distance between the adjacent ring resonators decreases. And after the linearly polarized light is incident on the metamaterial surface, the coupling action among the ring resonators is excited, and the reflected light is linearly polarized light in the same polarization state. The independent phase modulation of the reflected light of each ring resonator can be realized by changing the size and the height of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each ring resonator, and the modulation range is 0-2 pi. When a transparent material such as glass is selected as the lowermost substrate, light enters the metasurface and then excites the coupling effect between the rectangular resonators, and the coupling effect between adjacent rectangular resonators is not influenced by the external temperature. When linearly polarized light in the x direction enters the metamaterial surface, the coupling effect among the rectangular resonators is excited, and the polarization state of transmitted light is perpendicular to the incident light. The independent phase modulation of the transmitted light of each rectangular resonator can be realized by changing the length, the width and the height of the rectangular resonators, the modulation range is 0-2 pi, and the mutually independent dynamic modulation effect of the reflected light and the transmitted light can be realized by changing the external temperature and the substrate.
Preferably, the substrate may further include a light transmitting portion and a light reflecting portion, and various combinations may be made according to design requirements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has one or more of the following technical effects:
firstly, the isotropic and anisotropic resonators are arranged on the metasurface to serve as modulation units, so that the two polarization components of incident light can be independently modulated;
secondly, the thermal response type first layer such as hydrogel can expand below the critical temperature and collapse above the critical temperature, resonators (micro-nano structure units) are arranged on the surface of the first layer, so that the effect of performing dynamic temperature control modulation on incident light and reflected light by a metastructure can be realized, and the product is easy to integrate;
thirdly, the invention can be used in the fields of data compression, wave front selection, lens design, data transmission, anti-counterfeiting technology, holographic display and the like, and provides a new light wave front modulation scheme.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and the features of the embodiments that do not violate each other may be combined with each other. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response, comprising:
a first layer comprising a hydrogel, the first layer having opposing first and second surfaces;
a plurality of first micro-nano structure units which are arranged on the first surface at intervals; and
and the temperature adjusting unit is used for changing the temperature of the first layer so as to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units and adjust the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units.
2. The temperature response based optical wavefront modulation device of claim 1 further comprising a second layer disposed below the first layer and in contact with the second surface.
3. The optical wavefront modulation device based on the temperature response of claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of first micro-nano structure units form a resonator array.
4. The temperature response based optical wavefront modulation device of claim 2 wherein the second layer is a substrate having light reflecting or light transmitting properties.
5. The temperature response-based optical wavefront modulation device of claim 4, wherein the substrate is a metal substrate or a glass substrate.
6. The optical wavefront modulation device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a plurality of second micro-nano structure units, wherein the plurality of second micro-nano structure units are arranged on the first surface at intervals.
7. The optical wavefront modulation device according to claim 6, wherein the first and second micro-nano structure units are arranged in a staggered manner.
8. The optical wavefront modulation device according to claim 6, wherein the coupling distance between the first micro-nano structure units is different from the coupling distance between the second micro-nano structure units.
9. A method for modulating optical wavefront by using the optical wavefront modulation device based on temperature response according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the temperature of the first layer is changed to change the distance between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units, and the coupling strength or the coupling state between the adjacent first micro-nano structure units is adjusted to realize dynamic wavefront modulation of emergent light.
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