CN111443480A - Sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system - Google Patents
Sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111443480A CN111443480A CN202010428260.4A CN202010428260A CN111443480A CN 111443480 A CN111443480 A CN 111443480A CN 202010428260 A CN202010428260 A CN 202010428260A CN 111443480 A CN111443480 A CN 111443480A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
Abstract
The invention discloses a sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system which comprises a sodium guide star laser, a beam expanding lens, a tilt reflector, a tilt controller, a spectroscope, a sodium guide star transmitting telescope, a tilt detection camera, a light field detection system and a light field pre-correction system, wherein the light field detection system comprises a light field detector and a light field controller, the light field pre-correction system comprises a first deformable mirror, a Fourier transform lens, a light splitting mechanism and a second deformable mirror, and the Fourier transform lens is positioned in a Fraunhofer diffraction area of the first deformable mirror. By adopting the scheme, the amplitude and the phase disturbance generated by the atmospheric turbulence can be compensated in real time, the facula is closer to the diffraction limit after pre-correction, the return light number of the sodium guide star is more stable, the performance of the rear-end adaptive optical system can be effectively improved, and the development of the adaptive optical system and the theory is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of self-adaptive optical devices, in particular to a sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system.
Background
An Adaptive Optics (AO) system compensates wavefront distortion generated by atmospheric turbulence in real time to restore the distorted wavefront to a plane wavefront and obtain an image approaching the diffraction limit, so that the system becomes an indispensable part of a large-aperture ground-based telescope. The adaptive optical system performs real-time compensation on the atmospheric turbulence, firstly, distortion generated by the turbulence needs to be detected in real time by using a guide star, and under the normal condition, the brightness requirement is met, and the natural guide star in an observed target isodyne region is usually less than 1 percent (near-infrared band), so that the application range of the adaptive optical system is limited.
The occurrence of the artificial guide star greatly improves the practicability of the adaptive optics. At present, artificial directors are mainly divided into two types, wherein one type is to use atmospheric molecule Rayleigh scattered return light within a range of 10-25km as Rayleigh directors; the other uses 90km sodium atom resonance scattering fluorescence as sodium guide. Because the height of the excitation of the sodium guide star is far greater than that of the Rayleigh guide star, the sodium guide star can sample the atmospheric turbulence more comprehensively, and therefore the sodium guide star becomes the main mode of the artificial guide star of the current adaptive optical system.
When the Hartmann wavefront detector is used for wave-front detection, the detection error can reach about 70 percent of the total error, and the detection error is as follows:
wherein theta is the half width of the sodium guide star light spot, and N is the return light number of the sodium guide star, so that the reduction of the size of the sodium guide star light spot and the stabilization of the return light number are effective means for reducing the wave-front detection error.
The following factors affect the spot size of the sodium guide star: the aperture of the transmitting telescope, the laser wavelength, the action process of laser and sodium atoms, the static aberration of a transmitting light path, the atmospheric turbulence dynamic aberration and the beam quality of the laser. The wave front distortion of the uplink sodium laser can be caused by the static aberration of the transmitting light path and the dynamic aberration of the atmospheric turbulence, after the transmission distance of 90km is passed, the light field fluctuation of the sodium laser reaching a sodium layer is generated due to the Fresnel diffraction effect, the light spot expansion and the return light brightness fluctuation of the sodium guide star are caused, and the wave front detection error is increased.
In order to overcome the degradation of atmospheric dynamic aberration and static aberration of a transmitting system to the form of a sodium guide star, the uplink sodium laser is pre-corrected to form an effective method, however, in the prior art, the influence of amplitude fluctuation on the result is often ignored during pre-correction, for example, the patent number 201511030788.1 applied in 2015 by Weikai, Huangjian and the like is named as an invention patent of a common-aperture transmitting and correcting telescope combining a Rayleigh beacon and a sodium beacon, but the patent mainly corrects the phase fluctuation of the sodium laser and ignores the influence of the amplitude fluctuation; and patent No. 2018101025269 filed in 2018 by weika, huangjia et al, entitled invention patent of a complex amplitude modulation sodium beacon transmitting telescope, which also performs pre-correction on phase fluctuation generated by sodium laser aiming at uplink path turbulence without considering the influence of amplitude fluctuation.
Because our country's astronomical phenomena platform atmosphere seeing degree is worse than foreign astronomical phenomena platform, and the influence of torrent is stronger, consequently, after sodium laser transmits a section distance from ground back, fresnel diffraction converts phase fluctuation into amplitude fluctuation, leads to amplitude fluctuation to influence great to the uplink light field, and this is the problem that awaits the solution urgently, and if the simple increase amplitude detector and corresponding controller, must increase system complexity and cost etc. again.
Meanwhile, the former two patents utilize a Hartmann detector to detect phase fluctuation, and amplitude fluctuation cannot be detected simultaneously. In order to detect the amplitude fluctuation, a detector is added, thereby increasing the complexity and the cost of the system. Therefore, the light field detector is utilized to detect the fluctuation of the phase and the amplitude at the same time, and the fluctuation of the phase and the amplitude is pre-corrected to obtain the sodium guide star with the spot size close to the diffraction limit and stable return light number.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a system for pre-correcting an ascending laser light field of a sodium guide star, which can detect fluctuation of a phase and an amplitude at the same time under a strong turbulence condition, and pre-correct the phase and the amplitude to obtain the sodium guide star with a light spot size close to a diffraction limit and a stable return light number.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a sodium guide star goes upward laser light field precorrection system, includes sodium guide star laser, beam expanding lens, inclined reflector, slope controller, spectroscope, sodium guide star emission telescope, slope detection camera, its key lies in: the optical field pre-correction system comprises a first deformable mirror, a Fourier transform lens, a light splitting mechanism and a second deformable mirror, wherein the Fourier transform lens is positioned in a Fraunhofer diffraction area of the first deformable mirror;
laser emitted from the sodium guide star laser sequentially passes through the beam expanding lens, the inclined reflector, the first deformable mirror, the Fourier transform lens, the light splitting mechanism, the second deformable mirror and the light splitting mirror, and is subjected to beam expanding and focusing on a 90km sodium layer by the sodium guide star transmitting telescope to generate a sodium guide star;
the sodium guide star transmitting telescope can receive Rayleigh guide star return light generated by the action of laser and atmospheric molecules, part of the Rayleigh guide star return light received by the sodium guide star transmitting telescope enters the tilt detection camera after being reflected by the beam splitter, and the tilt controller controls the tilt reflector to eliminate the optical axis jitter of the emergent laser according to jitter information obtained by detection of the tilt detection camera;
the other part of Rayleigh guide star return light sequentially passes through the spectroscope and the second deformable mirror and then enters the optical field detector after being reflected by the light splitting mechanism, the amplitude and phase fluctuation generated by the turbulence of the upstream path are detected at the same time, the optical field controller controls the first deformable mirror to generate phase deformation according to the detected optical field information, the amplitude compensation is performed by utilizing the Fresnel diffraction effect of the Fourier transform lens, and the conjugate phase compensation is generated by controlling the second deformable mirror at the same time.
By adopting the scheme, the phase and amplitude fluctuation generated by the turbulence of the uplink path are detected simultaneously mainly through one light field detector and the return light of the Rayleigh guide star, and the two are pre-corrected by utilizing the double deformable mirror route respectively, so that the problem of light spot form degradation caused by the amplitude and phase fluctuation generated by the turbulence of the uplink path on the sodium laser is solved, the sodium guide star with the light spot size close to the diffraction limit and stable return light number is obtained, and the method is particularly suitable for astronomical stage site observation with stronger atmospheric turbulence.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the sodium guide star laser is a continuous laser, or a pulse laser, or a quasi-continuous pulse laser. By adopting the scheme, different lasers can be selected as required, and the corresponding phase and amplitude correction can be completed by the light path of the laser.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the first deformable mirror and the second deformable mirror are piezoelectric ceramic reflection type deformable mirrors plated with high reflection films, or piezoelectric wafer deformable mirrors, or film deformable mirrors, or surface micro-mechanical deformable mirrors, or liquid crystal devices. By adopting the scheme, the method can be used for correcting dynamic phase fluctuation generated by atmospheric turbulence or static phase fluctuation of a correction system, and deformation mirrors in various forms can meet the correction requirement in the system, thereby being beneficial to further reducing the system cost.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the light splitting mechanism splits the emergent sodium guide star laser or Rayleigh guide star return light in an energy light splitting mode;
or the polarization beam splitting is carried out, the emergent laser is linearly polarized light, and becomes circularly polarized light after passing through an 1/4 wave plate, and because Rayleigh scattering has the polarization maintaining function, Rayleigh guide star return light is also circularly polarized light and becomes linearly polarized light vertical to the polarization direction of the emergent laser after passing through a 1/4 wave plate;
or time-sharing light splitting is carried out, when the sodium guide star laser emitted by the sodium guide star laser is pulse laser, the light splitting mechanism realizes light splitting according to the difference of the time of the emitted laser and the time of Rayleigh guide star return light passing through the light path. By adopting the scheme, different light splitting modes can be adopted according to the needs or the models of the sodium guide star lasers, and the multi-field application of the system is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme, the sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system can simultaneously compensate amplitude and phase disturbance generated by atmospheric turbulence in real time, compared with the traditional sodium guide star only subjected to phase pre-correction, the light spot after pre-correction is closer to the diffraction limit, and the return light number of the sodium guide star is more stable.
The method only adopts one light field detector to simultaneously complete the detection of amplitude and phase fluctuation, and compared with the method of utilizing a monitoring camera and combining a Hartmann wave front detector, the system is simpler, the calculated amount is smaller, and the cost is lower.
The invention uses Rayleigh scattered light attached to the ascending sodium laser as Rayleigh guide stars, so that the pre-correction detection system does not depend on other external guide stars, and the application range of the system is expanded.
In summary, the invention aims at the situation that atmospheric turbulence at the site of the astronomical observation station is strong, in order to improve the correction performance of the rear-end adaptive optical system, performs light field conjugate pre-correction on the uplink laser of the sodium guide star, and controls the spot form of the sodium guide star.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a light field detector according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of applied amplitude and phase fluctuations;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shape of a light spot detected by the optical field detector in this embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of amplitude and phase fluctuation recovered by the optical field detector in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The application mainly provides a sodium guide star goes upward laser light field precorrection system, it mainly includes sodium guide star laser instrument 1, beam expanding lens 2, slope speculum 3, tilt controller 4, spectroscope 11, sodium guide star launching telescope 12, slope detection camera 13, and light field detection system 14 and light field precorrection system 15, light field detection system 14 includes light field detector 9 and light field controller 10 in this application, light field precorrection system 15 includes first deformable mirror 5, Fourier transform lens 6, beam-splitting mechanism 7 and second deformable mirror 8.
As shown in fig. 1, a beam expanding lens 2, a tilted reflector 3, a first deformable mirror 5, a fourier transform lens 6, a beam splitting mechanism 7, a second deformable mirror 8 and a beam splitter 11 are sequentially arranged on an emergent light path of a sodium guide star laser 1, the beam expanding lens 2 is closest to the sodium guide star laser 1, laser emitted from the sodium guide star laser 1 is incident to the tilted reflector 3 after being expanded by the beam expanding lens 2, the tilted reflector 3 reflects the laser to the first deformable mirror 5, and then the laser passes through the fourier transform lens 6, the beam splitting mechanism 7, the second deformable mirror 8 and the beam splitter 11 in sequence, and is expanded by a sodium guide star transmitting telescope 12 and focused at a high altitude of 90km to generate a sodium guide star.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the sodium guide star transmitting telescope 12 has a function of simultaneously receiving the return light of the rayleigh guide star generated by the action of the uplink sodium laser and the atmospheric molecule, and the fourier transform lens 6 is located in the fraunhofer diffraction region of the first deformable mirror 8 to ensure that the first deformable mirror 5 can transmit the phase modulation far enough to convert the fresnel diffraction into the required amplitude distribution.
The main working process is as follows: after being emitted from the sodium guide star transmitting telescope 12, sodium laser elastically collides with atmospheric molecules on the way of going up to generate Rayleigh guide stars, is limited by the concentration of the atmospheric molecules, and the height generated by the Rayleigh guide stars meeting the detection requirements is generally lower than 20 km.
The Rayleigh echo carrying the atmospheric turbulence information is received by the sodium guide star transmitting telescope 12, and is influenced by the atmospheric turbulence at the moment, the plane wavefront becomes a distorted wavefront, a part of Rayleigh echo enters the inclined detection camera 13 to detect the jitter information after being reflected by the spectroscope 11, and the inclined controller 4 controls the inclined reflector 3 to act according to the detected information, so that the aim of stabilizing the optical axis is fulfilled.
The other part of the Rayleigh return light penetrates through the spectroscope 11, and sequentially passes through the second deformable mirror 8 and the reflection of the light splitting mechanism 7, enters the light field detector 6 for amplitude and phase fluctuation detection, the light field controller 10 controls the first deformable mirror 5 to generate phase deformation according to the light field information obtained by detection, the Fourier transform lens 9 performs Fresnel diffraction action and then converts the Fresnel diffraction action into amplitude compensation, and meanwhile, the second deformable mirror 8 is controlled to generate conjugate phase compensation, so that the amplitude and phase fluctuation generated by the atmospheric turbulence of an uplink path are eliminated, and the sodium guide star with the size approaching the diffraction limit and stable return light number is obtained.
The sodium guide star laser 1 is a continuous laser, or a pulse laser, or a quasi-continuous pulse laser, and is preferably a pulse laser capable of generating 589nm in the application, so that targeted screening detection can be better performed, and implementation difficulty is reduced.
The first deformable mirror 5 and the second deformable mirror 8 are piezoelectric ceramic reflective deformable mirrors plated with high reflection films, or piezoelectric wafer deformable mirrors, or thin film deformable mirrors, or surface micro-mechanical deformable mirrors, or liquid crystal devices, and preferably both of the two deformable mirrors are thin film deformable mirrors, so as to relatively reduce the composition cost.
The mode of splitting the outgoing sodium guide star laser or rayleigh guide star return light by the splitting mechanism 7 is energy splitting; or polarization beam splitting, namely the emergent laser is linearly polarized light, and becomes circularly polarized light after passing through an 1/4 wave plate, and because Rayleigh scattering has a polarization-preserving function, Rayleigh guide star return light is also circularly polarized light, and becomes linearly polarized light vertical to the polarization direction of the emergent laser after passing through a 1/4 wave plate; or time-sharing light splitting, when the sodium guide star laser emitted by the sodium guide star laser 1 is a pulse laser, the light splitting mechanism 7 performs light splitting according to the difference between the time when the emitted laser and the time when the rayleigh guide star return light pass through the light path, in this embodiment, according to the type of the sodium guide star laser 1, the light splitting mode of the light splitting mechanism 7 is selected to be time-sharing light splitting, that is, light splitting is performed according to the difference between the time when the emitted laser and the time when the rayleigh guide star return light pass through the light path.
The basic construction of the optical field detector 6 in the present application is shown in fig. 2 and mainly comprises a main lens 16, a microlens array 17 and a detection camera 18, where d1Is the diameter of object plane d2Denotes the diameter of the microlens in the microlens array 17, f1Denotes a front-rear focal length, f, of the main lens 162Denotes the front and rear focal lengths of the microlenses in the microlens array 17, and
the principle of detecting amplitude and phase fluctuation is as follows, and the complex amplitude of the incident rayleigh guided star optical wavefront can be expressed as follows:
wherein, U0Represents the complex amplitude of the wavefront at each frequency, U represents the complex amplitude of the total wavefront, and N represents all possible wavefront components of the incident wavefront; (x)1,y1) Representing the main lens front focal plane coordinates, α1(k) And β1(k) Represents the k wave component at x1And y1Angular frequency in the direction;
representing the initial phase; for convenience of explanation, in the present embodiment, the amplitude distribution of the incident wavefront is gaussian distribution, and the phase distribution is applied astigmatism in the X direction
And coma in Y direction
The amplitude and phase distributions are shown in fig. 3.a and 3.b, respectively.
Secondly, after the wave front passes through the main lens, the light field is transformed into:
where (u, v) is the coordinates of the Fourier transformed back plane of the back focal plane of the main lens 16, and the wavelength is denoted by λ; f { } represents the fourier transform and the spot morphology of the exemplary wavefront after the main lens 16 is shown in fig. 4. a.
And the position of each wave component at the back focal plane can be expressed as:
where κ represents the wave number and < > represents the centroid position, which is proportional to the angular frequency of the wave component.
Subsequently, the light field after the kth wavelength component conversion is sampled by the microlens array 17, wherein the serial number of the microlens array 17 is arranged as follows:
for example, the number of the microlenses on the optical axis is m ═ 0, and n ═ 0.
After the wavefront is fourier transformed a second time by the microlens array 17, the light field U of the wave component that reaches the detection camera 18iCan be expressed as:
wherein (x)2，y2) Representing the back focal plane of the microlens array 17, i.e. the coordinates on the detection camera 18.
A light field expression for the ith wave component can be obtained:
where γ is a constant of the pre-pixel value and the light field.
Thereby obtaining the image distribution of the entire ith wave component on the detection camera 18:
where (s, t) represents the virtual subaperture coordinates. The amplitude and phase distribution of the wavefront applied in the previous step, the image on the detection camera 18 is shown in fig. 4.b, according to Ii(s, t), the amplitude and phase profile can be recovered, wherein the phase profile is represented by a slope profile:
amplitude distribution:
slope distribution in x direction:
slope distribution in y-direction:
wherein
The amplitude and phase distributions resulting from the final recovery of the light field detector 9 are shown in fig. 5.a and 5.b, respectively.
The light field controller 7 calculates the phase to be applied by the first deformable mirror 8 according to the amplitude and phase distribution obtained above
And the phase profile required to be applied by the second deformable mirror 10
And the stroke profile of the actuator. At this time:
wherein pha (g)x,gy) Representing the wavefront phase distortion consisting of slopes on two axes.
The planar wavefront emanating from the sodium guide star laser 1 is recorded as:
Uo＝exp(j0)
after being expanded by the beam expanding lens 2, the beam is incident on the inclined reflector 3 to stabilize the optical axis and then is incident on the first deformable mirror 5.
The first deformable mirror 5 applies a specific phase modulation to this wavefront
The modulated wavefront is represented as:
then, the corresponding amplitude fluctuation is generated through diffraction of a Fourier transform lens 8:
the amplitude-modulated plane wavefront is then incident on the second deformable mirror 8, at which time the second deformable mirror 8 applies a phase modulation to this wavefront
The emergent wave front then becomes:
the wavefront after amplitude and phase modulation enters the atmosphere after being expanded and focused by the spectroscope 11 and the sodium guide star transmitting telescope 12, and the wavefront after pre-correction is restored to a plane wavefront after being disturbed by atmospheric turbulence according to the principle that the optical path is reversible, so that the sodium guide star which is close to the diffraction limit and has stable return light number is generated.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a sodium guide star goes upward laser light field precorrection system, includes sodium guide star laser instrument (1), beam expanding lens (2), tilt mirror (3), slope controller (4), spectroscope (11), sodium guide star emission telescope (12), slope detection camera (13), its characterized in that: the optical field pre-correction system comprises a light field detection system (14) and a light field pre-correction system (15), wherein the light field detection system (14) comprises a light field detector (9) and a light field controller (10), the light field pre-correction system (15) comprises a first deformable mirror (5), a Fourier transform lens (6), a light splitting mechanism (7) and a second deformable mirror (8), and the Fourier transform lens (6) is positioned in a Fraunhofer diffraction area of the first deformable mirror (8);
laser emitted from a sodium guide star laser (1) passes through a beam expanding lens (2), an inclined reflector (3), a first deformable mirror (5), a Fourier transform lens (6), a light splitting mechanism (7), a second deformable mirror (8) and a spectroscope (11) in sequence, and is expanded and focused on a sodium layer at a position of 90km by a sodium guide star emission telescope (12) to generate a sodium guide star;
the sodium guide star transmitting telescope (12) can receive Rayleigh guide star return light generated by the action of laser and atmospheric molecules, part of the Rayleigh guide star return light received by the sodium guide star transmitting telescope enters the inclined detection camera (13) after being reflected by the spectroscope (11), and the inclined controller (4) controls the inclined reflector (3) to eliminate the optical axis jitter of the emergent laser according to jitter information obtained by detection of the inclined detection camera (13);
the other part of Rayleigh guide star return light sequentially passes through the spectroscope (11) and the second deformable mirror (8) and then is reflected by the light splitting mechanism (7) to enter the optical field detector (9), the amplitude and phase fluctuation generated by the turbulence of an uplink path are detected at the same time, the optical field controller (10) controls the first deformable mirror (5) to generate phase deformation according to the detected optical field information, the amplitude compensation is performed by utilizing the Fresnel diffraction effect of the Fourier transform lens (9), and the conjugate phase compensation is generated by controlling the second deformable mirror (8) at the same time.
2. The system for pre-correcting the ascending laser light field of the sodium guide star according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sodium guide star laser (1) is a continuous laser, or a pulse laser, or a quasi-continuous pulse laser.
3. The sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first deformable mirror (5) and the second deformable mirror (8) are piezoelectric ceramic reflection type deformable mirrors plated with high reflection films, or piezoelectric wafer deformable mirrors, or thin film deformable mirrors, or surface micro-mechanical deformable mirrors, or liquid crystal devices.
4. The sodium guide star uplink laser light field pre-correction system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the light splitting mechanism (7) splits the emergent sodium guide star laser or Rayleigh guide star return light in an energy light splitting mode;
or the polarization beam splitting is carried out, the emergent laser is linearly polarized light, and becomes circularly polarized light after passing through an 1/4 wave plate, and because Rayleigh scattering has the polarization maintaining function, Rayleigh guide star return light is also circularly polarized light and becomes linearly polarized light vertical to the polarization direction of the emergent laser after passing through a 1/4 wave plate;
or time-sharing light splitting is carried out, when the sodium guide star laser emitted by the sodium guide star laser (1) is pulse laser, the light splitting mechanism (7) realizes light splitting according to the difference of the time of the emitted laser and the time of Rayleigh guide star return light passing through a light path.
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Application publication date: 20200724 |