CN111441468A - Building construction method - Google Patents
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- CN111441468A CN111441468A CN202010335299.1A CN202010335299A CN111441468A CN 111441468 A CN111441468 A CN 111441468A CN 202010335299 A CN202010335299 A CN 202010335299A CN 111441468 A CN111441468 A CN 111441468A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/047—Plaster carrying meshes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00508—Cement paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a building construction method, which comprises the following steps: s1, manufacturing concrete; s2, building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure; s3, coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure; s4, bonding a layer of mesh grid on the coating surface of the middle layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh grid to form a diffusion layer with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh grid on the surface; s5, bonding a layer of mesh grid on the inner layer of the supporting structure, coating a layer of surface layer coating on the mesh grid, checking the flatness and finishing; and S6, coating an outer wall layer coating on the grid in the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing. The fly ash is the landfill fly ash slag, and has high thermal resistance; the adoption of the agricultural waste fiber not only enhances the mechanical property, but also can convert and utilize fiber-containing waste, improves the utilization rate of the waste, and leads the building construction to be more environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a building construction method.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the progress of urban construction in China, the proportion of building energy consumption is continuously improved, and compared with the foreign countries, the unit building energy consumption in China is 3 times that of developed countries under the same climatic conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of an outer wall is 3.5 times to 4.5 times, the heat transfer coefficient of an outer window is 2 times to 3 times, the heat transfer coefficient of a roof is 3 times to 6 times, and the air permeation of doors and windows is 3 times to 6 times. In order to relieve energy shortage, green energy conservation of buildings is an indispensable powerful way.
The green energy-saving building construction technology is used as a novel construction technology, and aims to perfect energy-saving technology application strategies in the whole engineering construction through energy-saving measure control in the construction management of the building engineering, and timely implement the energy-saving technology in the engineering construction according to the requirements in the application of the building engineering construction technology. Because the green energy-saving construction technology of the building is applied in different forms, the corresponding construction technology performance is different. Under the background of the construction and development of the current building engineering in China, the application of the energy-saving construction technology of green buildings is mainly carried out from the aspects of construction concept, construction technology, construction control countermeasures, construction control management and the like. Such as door and window green energy-saving technology, roof energy-saving technology, water source saving technology and the like, the comprehensive control of the whole building engineering construction technology application is realized through different technical control, and the practical requirements of the building engineering construction technology in China are met.
At present, the traditional building construction technology cannot meet the requirements of the nation on building construction, and the goal of achieving construction energy conservation and environmental protection while effectively promoting the improvement of the building construction quality is a key topic which is popular among current building construction technicians. Due to the selection of the green energy-saving construction technology, the improvement of the utilization rate of building resources can be practically promoted, and the concept of green environmental protection can be implemented in the construction of building projects, so that how to effectively apply the green energy-saving construction technology to the building construction to promote the sustainable development of the building industry becomes one of the main problems to be solved urgently in the current building industry.
Therefore, how to develop a green energy-saving, heat-preserving and mechanical-enhancing building method is one of the problems to be solved urgently in the building industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a building construction method which has enough strength and impact resistance, greatly improves the heat preservation and waterproof performance, and can greatly convert and utilize landfill flyash slag and fiber-containing wastes, thereby changing waste into valuable, improving the utilization rate of the wastes and ensuring that the building construction is more environment-friendly.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a building construction method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
s2, establishing a supporting structure: building a building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form a supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
s4, setting a diffusion layer: bonding a layer of mesh grid on the intermediate layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh grid to form a diffusion layer with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh grid on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
s5, coating a surface layer: bonding a layer of grid in the inner layer of the support structure, coating a layer of surface coating on the surface of the grid, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
s6, coating an outer wall layer: and coating an outer wall layer coating on the surface of the mesh grid of the diffusion layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the crushed stone in step S1 is obtained by crushing construction waste by a crushing device; the fly ash is landfill fly ash; the agricultural waste is selected from one or more of straw, fruit shell, fallen leaves, branches, weeds and vines; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes; the water reducing agent is selected from one or a mixture of more than two of modified melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent and polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent; the swelling agent is selected from one of UEA swelling agent, AEA swelling agent and HEA swelling agent; the weight ratio of the broken stone, the fly ash, the agricultural waste fiber powder, the cement, the water reducing agent and the expanding agent is (2-5): 3-7): 1-3): 5-10): 5-12): 0.5-1.5): 0.1-0.5.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S3, the fiber is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of PVC fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber and polypropylene fiber; the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm; the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is (2-5): (3-7): (5-9): (1-4): (1-5): (2-7): (7-12).
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, the grid is a metal grid, and the metal is selected from one of aluminum, copper and iron.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the grid is a polymer grid, and the polymer material is one or a mixture of two or more selected from PVC fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, and polypropylene fibers; the fly ash is landfill fly ash; the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is (1-5): (1-2): (3-7): (3-5): (1-3): (2-6): (5-12).
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S6, the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which uses an acrylate emulsion and a polymer material as main film forming substances, and is selected from one of a ground coat coating, a skeleton coating and an overglaze coating.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S6, the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which uses an acrylate emulsion and a polymer material as main film forming substances, and is selected from one of a ground coat coating, a skeleton coating and an overglaze coating.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer, the supporting structure, the middle layer, the diffusion layer and the surface layer are respectively 1-3cm, 25-27cm, 0.5-1.5cm, 0.2-0.5cm and 0.2-0.7 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the convex hulls of the warp and the weft of all the grids in the same plane protrude unidirectionally at each intersection point, and the direction of the protrusions of adjacent points is opposite.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mesh size of all the grids is 8mm × 8mm or 10mm × 10mm or 12mm × 12 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention applies the technical principle of reverse construction method to the construction of common buildings, firstly, the support of the whole building structure is completed through reinforced concrete, and the functional layer of the wall body is further coated after the integral pouring is completed;
the middle layer of the wall body structure is a wall body structure with increased mechanical strength obtained by mixing the fiber, the fine sand and the calcium carbonate, the wall body structure has enough strength and impact resistance, the heat preservation and waterproof performance of the middle layer is greatly improved after the polyurethane and the hollow glass beads are added, and the cement and the water have the effects of uniformly dispersing and mixing and bonding all the components;
according to the invention, the broken glass is bonded on the mesh grid, and then a layer of mesh grid is bonded on the surface of the broken glass, so that on one hand, the stability of bonding the broken glass on a wall body is improved, and on the other hand, the bonding stability of the outer wall coating on the diffusion layer is facilitated; the diffusion layer is arranged, so that the diffusion and reflection of sunlight and heat energy on the glass cullet with uneven surface can be realized after the sunlight and the heat energy are directly irradiated, the absorption utilization rate of the sunlight and the heat energy can be improved, and the heat insulation effect of the wall body can be realized;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash slag, most of particles of the fly ash are hollow spheres, the particles do not contain particles with higher heat conductivity, and the thermal resistance is higher; the adoption of the agricultural waste fiber not only enhances the mechanical property, but also can greatly convert and utilize fiber-containing waste, thereby changing waste into valuables, improving the utilization rate of the waste and ensuring that the building construction is more environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wall body after the construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction method of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a support structure; 2. a mesh grid; 3. a surface layer; 4. an intermediate layer; 5. a mesh grid; 6. a diffusion layer; 7. a mesh grid; 8. and an outer wall layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a cross-sectional view of a wall body after the construction method of the present invention is shown.
Example 1A building construction method
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
the swelling agent is UEA swelling agent which is purchased from novel material Co., Ltd of Beijing build Lide;
the broken stone is prepared by crushing the construction waste through a crushing device;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash, and the main components of the fly ash are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide;
the agricultural waste is straw; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes;
the water reducing agent is a bock brand sulfamate water reducing agent and has an execution standard GB 8076-2008;
the weight ratio of the broken stone to the fly ash to the agricultural waste fiber powder to the cement to the water reducer to the expanding agent is 2:3:1:5:5: 0.5: 0.1;
s2, establishing a supporting structure 1: building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer 4: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer 4, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
the fibers are PVC fibers;
the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is 2:3: 5:1: 1: 2: 7;
s4, setting a diffusion layer 6: bonding a layer of mesh 5 on the coating surface of the middle layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh to form a diffusion layer 6 with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh 7 on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
the mesh grid is a copper mesh grid, the mesh size is 8mm × 8mm, the mesh grid is in the convex hulls on the warp and the weft in the same plane, the convex hulls protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
s5, coating a surface layer 3: bonding a layer of grid 2 in the inner layer of the support structure, painting a layer of surface coating on the grid 2, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer 3; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
the net grid is a PVC fiber net grid, the mesh size is 10mm × 10mm, the net grid is provided with convex hulls on the warp and weft in the same plane, the convex hulls protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is 1: 1: 3: 3:1: 2: 5;
s6, coating an outer wall layer 8: coating an outer wall layer coating on the mesh 7 of the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer 8;
the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which takes acrylate emulsion and polyester fiber materials as main film forming substances, is an angora base coat coating and is produced by new material science and technology limited of Hunan angora.
In the whole construction, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer, the supporting structure 1, the middle layer 4, the diffusion layer 6 and the surface layer 3 are respectively 1cm, 25cm, 0.5cm, 0.2cm and 0.2 cm.
Embodiment 2 a building construction method
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
the expanding agent is a HEA expanding agent and is purchased from Beijing build new materials Co., Ltd;
the broken stone is prepared by crushing the construction waste through a crushing device;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash, and the main components of the fly ash are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide;
the agricultural waste is a mixture of straws, shells and vines, and the mass ratio is 5:1: 2; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes;
the water reducing agent is a TS-TQ aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent and has an execution standard GB 8076-2008;
the weight ratio of the broken stone to the fly ash to the agricultural waste fiber powder to the cement to the water reducer to the expanding agent is 5:7:3:10:12: 1.5: 0.5;
s2, establishing a supporting structure 1: building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer 4: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer 4, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
the fiber is a mixture of polyester fiber and polyamide fiber, and the mass ratio is 2: 1;
the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is 5:7: 9: 4: 5:7: 12;
s4, setting a diffusion layer 6: bonding a layer of mesh 5 on the coating surface of the middle layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh to form a diffusion layer 6 with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh 7 on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
the net grid is an iron net grid, the mesh size is 12mm × 12mm, the convex hulls of the net grid on the longitude and the latitude lines in the same plane protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
s5, coating a surface layer 3: bonding a layer of grid 2 in the inner layer of the support structure, painting a layer of surface coating on the grid 2, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer 3; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
the net grid is a polyester fiber net grid, the mesh size is 8mm × 8mm, the net grid is in the convex hulls on the warp and the weft in the same plane, the one-way bulges are arranged at each intersection point, and the bulges of adjacent points are opposite in direction;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is 5:2:7: 5: 3: 6: 12;
s6, coating an outer wall layer 8: coating an outer wall layer coating on the mesh 7 of the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer 8;
the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which takes acrylate emulsion and a polyurethane fiber material as main film forming substances, is an angora glaze coating and is produced by new material science and technology limited of Hunan angora.
In the whole construction, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer 8, the supporting structure 1, the middle layer 4, the diffusion layer 6 and the surface layer 3 are respectively 3cm, 27cm, 1.5cm, 0.5cm and 0.7 cm.
Embodiment 3 a building construction method
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
the expanding agent is an AEA expanding agent and is purchased from Beijing build new materials Co.Ltd;
the broken stone is prepared by crushing construction waste through a crushing device, and the particle size is 20-30 mm;
in this embodiment, the fly ash is landfill fly ash, the specification is 400 meshes, and the fly ash is purchased from lingshou county honest and honored mineral product processing factories, and the chemical indexes are as follows:
| composition (I) | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | Loss on ignition |
| Range of | 34.30～65.76 | 14.59～40.12 | 1.50～6.22 | 0.44～16.80 | 0.20～3.72 | 0.00～6.00 | 0.10～4.23 | 0.02～2.14 | 0.63～29.97 |
| Mean value | 50.8 | 28.1 | 6.2 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 7.9 |
The agricultural waste is a mixture of straws and fallen leaves, and the mass ratio is 2: 1; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes;
the cement of this embodiment is purchased from Hangzhou key bright building materials science and technology Limited, and the factory standard is as follows: p.o.42.5r;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and is of the type: BHY-2, purchased from Benxi Hongfuan building materials, Inc.;
the weight ratio of the broken stone to the fly ash to the agricultural waste fiber powder to the cement to the water reducer to the expanding agent is 3:5:2:7:9: 1: 0.3;
s2, establishing a supporting structure 1: building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer 4: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer 4, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
the fibers are a mixture of PVC fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the mass ratio is 5: 1;
the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is 3:5: 7: 2:3: 5: 10;
the polyurethane is
S198A TPU polyurethane, available from luboin, usa.
S4, setting a diffusion layer 6: bonding a layer of mesh 5 on the coating surface of the middle layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh to form a diffusion layer 6 with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh 7 on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
the grid is an aluminum grid, the mesh size is 12mm × 12mm, the convex hulls of the grid on the warp and weft in the same plane protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
s5, coating a surface layer 3: bonding a layer of grid 2 in the inner layer of the support structure, painting a layer of surface coating on the grid 2, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer 3; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
the net grid is a polyester fiber net grid, the mesh size is 10mm × 10mm, the net grid is provided with convex hulls on the warp and weft in the same plane, the convex hulls protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is 3: 1.5: 5: 4: 2: 4: 8;
the PVC fiber has the diameter of 0.1-0.2mm and the length of 1-2 cm.
S6, coating an outer wall layer 8: coating an outer wall layer coating on the mesh 7 of the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer 8;
the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which takes acrylate emulsion and polyester fiber materials as main film forming substances, is an angora skeleton coating and is produced by the new material science and technology limited of the Hunan angora.
In the whole construction, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer 8, the supporting structure 1, the middle layer 4, the diffusion layer 6 and the surface layer 3 are respectively 2cm, 26cm, 1cm, 0.35cm and 0.5 cm.
Comparative example 1 prior art, see patent CN 106065668B
A method of building construction comprising:
excavating earthwork to an underground X-th layer;
reversely manufacturing the skirt house beam plate from the underground layer to the X-layer of the skirt house from top to bottom in sequence; digging holes at the position of a pile foundation in a core tube area of a main building to the top of the pile foundation; the pile foundation is lengthened to the bottom of a conversion layer to be arranged in a lengthening column mode;
disposing the conversion layer on top of the elongated pillars;
the main building core barrel is sequentially arranged above the transfer floor and is connected with the inversely arranged skirt house beam plate into a whole; inversely constructing the skirt house beam plate structure below the transfer floor to a basement bottom plate;
working the main building core barrel below the transfer floor from a basement floor;
and after the structure below the conversion layer reaches the design strength, breaking the temporary member of the conversion layer.
Comparative example 2
In comparison with example 3, no polyurethane and no hollow glass beads were added to the intermediate layer 4.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
the expanding agent is an AEA expanding agent and is purchased from Beijing build new materials Co.Ltd;
the broken stone is prepared by crushing construction waste through a crushing device, and the particle size is 20-30 mm;
the fly ash in the embodiment is landfill fly ash, the specification of the fly ash is 400 meshes, and the fly ash is purchased from a processing plant of Chengshou-county Chengzun mineral products;
the agricultural waste is a mixture of straws and fallen leaves, and the mass ratio is 2: 1; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes;
the cement of this embodiment is purchased from Hangzhou key bright building materials science and technology Limited, and the factory standard is as follows: p.o.42.5r;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and is of the type: BHY-2, purchased from Benxi Hongfuan building materials, Inc.;
the weight ratio of the broken stone to the fly ash to the agricultural waste fiber powder to the cement to the water reducer to the expanding agent is 3:5:2:7:9: 1: 0.3;
s2, establishing a supporting structure 1: building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer 4: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer 4, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, fine sand, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
the fibers are a mixture of PVC fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the mass ratio is 5: 1;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fibers to the fine sand to the calcium carbonate to the cement to the water is 3: 7:3: 5: 10;
s4, setting a diffusion layer 6: bonding a layer of mesh 5 on the coating surface of the middle layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh to form a diffusion layer 6 with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh 7 on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
the grid is an aluminum grid, the mesh size is 12mm × 12mm, the convex hulls of the grid on the warp and weft in the same plane protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
s5, coating a surface layer 3: bonding a layer of grid 2 in the inner layer of the support structure, painting a layer of surface coating on the grid 2, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer 3; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
the net grid is a polyester fiber net grid, the mesh size is 10mm × 10mm, the net grid is provided with convex hulls on the warp and weft in the same plane, the convex hulls protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is 3: 1.5: 5: 4: 2: 4: 8;
the PVC fiber has the diameter of 0.1-0.2mm and the length of 1-2 cm.
S6, coating an outer wall layer 8: coating an outer wall layer coating on the mesh 7 of the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer 8;
the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which takes acrylate emulsion and polyester fiber materials as main film forming substances, is an angora skeleton coating and is produced by the new material science and technology limited of the Hunan angora.
In the whole construction, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer 8, the supporting structure 1, the middle layer 4, the diffusion layer 6 and the surface layer 3 are respectively 2cm, 26cm, 1cm, 0.35cm and 0.5 cm.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 3, the surface of the grid is not adhered with cullet.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
the expanding agent is an AEA expanding agent and is purchased from Beijing build new materials Co.Ltd;
the broken stone is prepared by crushing construction waste through a crushing device, and the particle size is 20-30 mm;
the fly ash in the embodiment is landfill fly ash, the specification of the fly ash is 400 meshes, and the fly ash is purchased from a processing plant of Chengshou-county Chengzun mineral products;
the agricultural waste is a mixture of straws and fallen leaves, and the mass ratio is 2: 1; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes;
the cement of this embodiment is purchased from Hangzhou key bright building materials science and technology Limited, and the factory standard is as follows: p.o.42.5r;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and is of the type: BHY-2, purchased from Benxi Hongfuan building materials, Inc.;
the weight ratio of the broken stone to the fly ash to the agricultural waste fiber powder to the cement to the water reducer to the expanding agent is 3:5:2:7:9: 1: 0.3;
s2, establishing a supporting structure 1: building the whole building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form an integral supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer 4: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer 4, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
the fibers are a mixture of PVC fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the mass ratio is 5: 1;
the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is 3:5: 7: 2:3: 5: 10;
the polyurethane is
S198A TPU polyurethane, available from luboin, usa.
S4, bonding a layer of mesh grid 5 on the coating surface of the middle layer, and bonding a layer of mesh grid 7 on the surface of the mesh grid;
the grid is an aluminum grid, the mesh size is 12mm × 12mm, the convex hulls of the grid on the warp and weft in the same plane protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
s5, coating a surface layer 3: bonding a layer of grid 2 in the inner layer of the support structure, painting a layer of surface coating on the grid 2, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer 3; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
the net grid is a polyester fiber net grid, the mesh size is 10mm × 10mm, the net grid is provided with convex hulls on the warp and weft in the same plane, the convex hulls protrude in one direction at each intersection point, and the protruding directions of adjacent points are opposite;
the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm;
the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is 3: 1.5: 5: 4: 2: 4: 8;
the PVC fiber has the diameter of 0.1-0.2mm and the length of 1-2 cm.
S6, coating an outer wall layer 8: coating an outer wall layer coating on the mesh 7 of the middle layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer 8;
the exterior wall coating is an aggregate coating which takes acrylate emulsion and polyester fiber materials as main film forming substances, is an angora skeleton coating and is produced by the new material science and technology limited of the Hunan angora.
In the whole construction, the thicknesses of the outer wall layer 8, the supporting structure 1, the middle layer 4, the diffusion layer 6 and the surface layer 3 are respectively 2cm, 26cm, 1cm, 0.35cm and 0.5 cm.
Test example 1
The performance test results of the wall bodies constructed by the building construction methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 of the invention are shown in Table 1.
The heat conductivity coefficient measuring method comprises the following steps: the wall body is measured according to GB/T10294-;
method for measuring Water absorption: press the wall body according toASTM C1585-2013 measurement of hydraulic cementsWater absorption of concreteIs/are as followsStandard of meritTest methodMeasuring;
the method for measuring the compressive strength comprises testing a wall by a method D L/T5150-2001 'test procedure for hydraulic concrete' at a temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and a relative humidity of more than 90%;
method for measuring flame retardancy: and testing the wall according to GB8624-2006 building material and product combustion performance grading test standard.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table, the building construction method adopted in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention has better thermal insulation performance, low water absorption, better waterproof performance, excellent mechanical properties, high compressive strength, low flame retardant level, and non-flammability, compared with the prior art.
Compared with the prior art, the invention applies the technical principle of reverse construction method construction to common building construction, firstly, the support of the whole building structure is completed through reinforced concrete, and the functional layer of the wall body is further coated after the integral pouring is completed;
the middle layer of the wall body structure is a wall body structure with increased mechanical strength obtained by mixing the fiber, the fine sand and the calcium carbonate, the wall body structure has enough strength and impact resistance, the heat preservation and waterproof performance of the middle layer is greatly improved after the polyurethane and the hollow glass beads are added, and the cement and the water have the effects of uniformly dispersing and mixing and bonding all the components;
according to the invention, the broken glass is bonded on the mesh grid, and then a layer of mesh grid is bonded on the surface of the broken glass, so that on one hand, the stability of bonding the broken glass on a wall body is improved, and on the other hand, the bonding stability of the outer wall coating on the diffusion layer is facilitated; the diffusion layer is arranged, so that the diffusion and reflection of sunlight and heat energy on the glass cullet with uneven surface can be realized after the sunlight and the heat energy are directly irradiated, the absorption utilization rate of the sunlight and the heat energy can be improved, and the heat insulation effect of the wall body can be realized;
the fly ash is landfill fly ash slag, most of particles of the fly ash are hollow spheres, the particles do not contain particles with higher heat conductivity, and the thermal resistance is higher; the adoption of the agricultural waste fiber not only enhances the mechanical property, but also can greatly convert and utilize fiber-containing waste, thereby changing waste into valuables, improving the utilization rate of the waste and ensuring that the building construction is more environment-friendly.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A building construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing concrete: uniformly mixing broken stone, fly ash, agricultural waste fiber powder, cement, water and a water reducing agent by a stirrer, adding an expanding agent, and continuously stirring to obtain a concrete mixture;
s2, establishing a supporting structure: building a building supporting framework by using steel bars, and pouring concrete to form a supporting structure;
s3, brushing the middle layer: coating a middle layer coating on the outer surface of the supporting structure to form a middle layer, wherein the middle layer coating is prepared by mixing fibers, polyurethane, fine sand, hollow glass beads, calcium carbonate, cement and water, and the middle layer coating is ball-milled by a ball mill until the fineness of the middle layer coating is less than 0.7 mm;
s4, setting a diffusion layer: bonding a layer of mesh grid on the intermediate layer, bonding a layer of cullet on the surface of the mesh grid to form a diffusion layer with an uneven surface, and bonding a layer of mesh grid on the surface; the particle size of the cullet is between 0.1 and 1 cm;
s5, coating a surface layer: bonding a layer of grid in the inner layer of the support structure, coating a layer of surface coating on the surface of the grid, checking the flatness and finishing to form a surface layer; the surface coating is prepared by mixing quicklime, talcum powder, fine sand, fly ash, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) fiber, cement and water; ball-milling the surface coating to the fineness of less than 0.4mm by using a ball mill;
s6, coating an outer wall layer: and coating an outer wall layer coating on the surface of the mesh grid of the diffusion layer, checking the flatness and finishing to form an outer wall layer.
2. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the crushed stone in step S1 is obtained by crushing construction waste by a crushing device; the fly ash is landfill fly ash; the agricultural waste is selected from one or more of straw, fruit shell, fallen leaves, branches, weeds and vines; the agricultural waste fiber powder is prepared by drying the agricultural waste until the moisture content is lower than 5 percent and then crushing the agricultural waste to be less than 100 meshes; the water reducing agent is selected from one or a mixture of more than two of modified melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent and polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent; the swelling agent is selected from one of UEA swelling agent, AEA swelling agent and HEA swelling agent; the weight ratio of the broken stone, the fly ash, the agricultural waste fiber powder, the cement, the water reducing agent and the expanding agent is (2-5): 3-7): 1-3): 5-10): 5-12): 0.5-1.5): 0.1-0.5.
3. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the fiber in step S3 is one or a mixture of two or more selected from PVC fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, and polypropylene fiber; the particle size of the hollow glass beads is between 0.2 and 0.5 mm; the mass ratio of the fibers, the polyurethane, the fine sand, the hollow glass beads, the calcium carbonate, the cement and the water is (2-5): (3-7): (5-9): (1-4): (1-5): (2-7): (7-12).
4. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the grid in step S4 is a metal grid, and the metal is selected from one of aluminum, copper and iron.
5. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the grid is a polymer grid, and the polymer material is one or a mixture of two or more selected from PVC fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, and polypropylene fibers; the fly ash is landfill fly ash; the mass ratio of the quick lime, the talcum powder, the fine sand, the fly ash, the PVC fiber, the cement and the water is (1-5): (1-2): (3-7): (3-5): (1-3): (2-6): (5-12).
6. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the exterior wall coating in step S6 is an aggregate coating mainly comprising an acrylate emulsion and a polymer material, and is selected from one of a primer coating, a skeleton coating and a cover coat coating.
7. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the outer wall layer, the support structure, the intermediate layer, the diffusion layer and the surface layer are 1-3cm, 25-27cm, 0.5-1.5cm, 0.2-0.5cm and 0.2-0.7cm, respectively.
8. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the convex hulls of the warp and weft of all the grids in the same plane are projected unidirectionally at each intersection point, and the direction of projection of adjacent points is opposite.
9. A method of construction according to claim 1 wherein the mesh size of all of the grids is 8mm × 8mm or 10mm × 10mm or 12mm × 12 mm.
10. The building construction method according to claim 1, wherein the fineness of the fine sand is less than 0.2 mm.
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