CN111440266A - Reactive flame retardant, unsaturated resin containing the same, and method for preparing the same - Google Patents
Reactive flame retardant, unsaturated resin containing the same, and method for preparing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111440266A CN111440266A CN202010333252.1A CN202010333252A CN111440266A CN 111440266 A CN111440266 A CN 111440266A CN 202010333252 A CN202010333252 A CN 202010333252A CN 111440266 A CN111440266 A CN 111440266A
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- flame retardant
- resin
- unsaturated resin
- unsaturated
- phosphorus
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DWSWCPPGLRSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-ium 6-oxide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[P+](=O)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 DWSWCPPGLRSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(O)=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/091—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/006—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00
- C08F283/008—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00 on to unsaturated polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/01—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers containing more than one epoxy radical per molecule
- C08F283/105—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers containing more than one epoxy radical per molecule on to unsaturated polymers containing more than one epoxy radical per molecule
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactive flame retardant, two-component polyurethane resin containing the flame retardant, a method for preparing the flame retardant, and the fields of polymer synthesis and resin preparation. The method comprises the following steps: preparing dihydric alcohol containing phosphorus and halogen; and (3) configuring flame-retardant unsaturated resin. The flame retardant containing phosphorus and double bonds is prepared by the ring-opening reaction of the phosphorus hydroxyl-containing phosphoric acid mono/dialkyl ester on the double bond-containing epoxy compound. The prepared flame retardant has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple and mild preparation conditions, no halogen, reaction function, low cost of the prepared unsaturated resin, high flame retardant grade, strong mechanical property and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polymer synthesis and resin preparation, and particularly relates to a reactive flame retardant, unsaturated resin containing the flame retardant and a method for preparing the flame retardant.
Background
Unsaturated resin has wide application in many industrial fields such as fibre reinforced composite material, at present, the fire retardant that is used for unsaturated resin mainly has halogen-containing compound (patent 201210399798.2), inorganic filler (patent 201910441685.6) such as aluminium hydroxide, but halogen compound can release poisonous and harmful gas such as hydrogen halide when the cured resin burns, inorganic filler can greatly influence cured resin performance when the addition volume is great, and addition type fire retardant can not fix on polymer crosslinked network through the chemical bond, can slowly migrate to the product surface along with the use of product, make product fire behaviour decline gradually.
Reactive flame retardants for unsaturated resins are also available in the prior art, for example, patent 200510031588.8 discloses a method for preparing unsaturated resins using a bromine flame retardant containing reactive groups, but bromine compounds release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases such as hydrogen bromide when the cured resin is burned; patents 201310259076.1 and 201810974603.X both disclose a technology for using a compound containing phosphorus and double bonds as a flame retardant in unsaturated resin based on DOPO and maleic anhydride as raw materials, wherein the raw material DOPO in the technology is expensive, solvents such as toluene and tetrahydrofuran are required during production, and the whole production flow and product post-treatment are very complicated; patent 200810205303.1 discloses a technology of adding a reactive flame retardant of hydroxyphenylphosphoryl ethyl (propionic) acid to improve the flame retardancy of unsaturated resins, but the compound is very expensive and monofunctional, the price is high, the cost is high, and the characteristics of the monofunctional lead to the inefficient growth of a chain and a cross-linked network during the curing of the unsaturated resins, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of cured resin. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a reactive halogen-free flame retardant with wide raw material sources, low price, simple and convenient production process and excellent flame retardant effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: a reactive flame retardant, an unsaturated resin containing the same, and a method of preparing the same are provided to solve the problems involved in the background art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a reactive flame retardant, which is prepared by reacting monoalkyl phosphate with a compound containing double bonds and an epoxy structure;
the structure is as follows:
wherein R is C1-C18An alkyl chain of (a); r1Is H or-CH3(ii) a n is an integer of 1 or 2.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reactive flame retardant, which comprises the following steps: adding 1mol of alkyl phosphate into a ceramic reaction kettle, adding 1-2 mol of a compound containing double bonds and an epoxy structure, and reacting at ambient temperature for 0.5-2 h to obtain the phosphorus-containing flame retardant containing the double bonds.
As a preferred embodiment, the alkyl phosphate ester has the following structure:
r is C1-C18N is an integer of 1 or 2.
Preferably, the compound containing a double bond and an epoxy structure is one of glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate.
As a preferred scheme, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant containing double bonds has the following structure:
wherein R is C1-C18An alkyl chain of (a); r1Is H or-CH3(ii) a n is an integer of 1 or 2.
The invention also provides an unsaturated resin, which comprises the following components:
and after the resin is prepared, introducing the resin into a mold, and curing for 24-48 h at 50-80 ℃.
As a preferable mode, the unsaturated resin includes at least one of unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy vinyl resin and urethane vinyl resin.
As a preferable scheme, the curing agent is one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl perbenzoate, dibenzoyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide.
Preferably, the catalyst comprises at least one of a cobalt naphthenate solution, a cobalt isooctanoate solution and an organotin solution.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a reactive flame retardant, unsaturated resin containing the flame retardant and a method for preparing the flame retardant. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: (1) the preparation process flow is simple, convenient and mild, complex equipment and harsh reaction conditions are not needed, and the energy consumption is obviously reduced; (2) the flame retardant prepared by the invention has high phosphorus content, and the flame retardant property of the resin can be obviously improved by adding a small amount of the flame retardant; (3) the flame retardant is reactive, and even if used in a large amount, the flame retardant can ensure the flame retardant property of unsaturated resin and simultaneously ensure that the mechanical property of a resin cured product is not reduced; (4) all raw materials are wide in source and low in price, and the product cost can be effectively reduced while the mechanical property and the flame retardant property are ensured.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Reactive flame retardants for unsaturated resins are also known in the prior art, mainly comprising: a bromine flame retardant containing reactive groups, a compound containing phosphorus and double bonds and taking DOPO and maleic anhydride as raw materials, and a reactive flame retardant added with hydroxyphenylphosphoryl ethyl (propionic) acid. However, bromine compounds release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases such as hydrogen bromide when resin cured products are burned; the raw material DOPO in the compound containing phosphorus and double bonds and based on DOPO and maleic anhydride is expensive, the solvent toluene and tetrahydrofuran are needed during production, and the whole production flow and the product post-treatment are very complicated; the reactive flame retardant added with the hydroxyphenyl phosphoryl ethyl (propionic acid) is very expensive and is a compound with single functional group, the cost is high due to the high price, and a molecular chain and a crosslinking network can not be effectively increased during the curing of unsaturated resin due to the characteristic of the single functional group, so that the mechanical property of a cured resin is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a reactive halogen-free flame retardant with wide raw material sources, low price, simple and convenient production process and excellent flame retardant effect.
The invention mainly uses phosphoric acid mono/dialkyl ester containing phosphorus hydroxyl to carry out ring-opening reaction on an epoxy compound containing double bonds, so as to prepare the flame retardant containing phosphorus and double bonds. The specific synthesis process is as follows: adding alkyl phosphate with the mole number of m into a ceramic reaction kettle, adding a compound with the mole number of m or 2m and containing double bonds and an epoxy structure, and reacting for 0.5h at ambient temperature to obtain the phosphorus-containing flame retardant containing the double bonds. Wherein, in order to improve the phosphorus content of the flame retardant, the value range of the molar ratio between the monoalkyl phosphate and the compound containing double bonds and epoxy structures is 1: (1-2), the flame retardant property and the flame retardant grade of the polyurethane resin are greatly improved. The compound containing double bonds and an epoxy structure has the best flame retardant effect by using glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. The structure is as follows:
wherein R is C1-C18An alkyl chain of (a); r1Is H or-CH3(ii) a n is an integer of 1 or 2.
Based on the flame retardant, the flame retardant is applied to unsaturated resin, and specifically comprises the following components:
and after the resin is prepared, introducing the resin into a mold, and curing for 24-48 h at 50-80 ℃.
The molecular structure of the unsaturated resin is mostly linear oligomer containing ester bond and non-aromatic unsaturated double bond, and the unsaturated resin is specifically exemplified by one or more of unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy vinyl resin and polyurethane vinyl resin. The double bonds on the long chain molecules of the unsaturated resin can be subjected to free radical polymerization reaction with a reactive flame retardant containing double bond monomer molecules under the condition of an initiator, so that a more complex three-dimensional network structure is formed. Wherein the curing agent is one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl perbenzoate, dibenzoyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The catalyst at least comprises one of cobalt naphthenate solution, cobalt isooctanoate solution and organic tin solution, and can accelerate the generation rate of curing agent free radicals and reduce the gel time.
In the process of further research, the higher the concentration of the curing agent is, the more initial free radicals are generated by the curing agent in unit time, the more the initial free radicals are, the more the initial free radicals can accelerate the free radical reaction of the unsaturated resin and the flame retardant, and the free radical polymerization reaction is an exothermic reaction, so that the temperature of the system is increased, and the reaction rate is accelerated again; however, the double bond content of unsaturated resin systems is limited, so that the reaction rate cannot be increased infinitely, and therefore, the tendency to reduce the gel time of unsaturated resins is not obvious when the curing agent content exceeds a certain threshold. When the curing agent is 1-5 parts by weight, the gel time is 17-20 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the unsaturated resin finished product is gradually increased along with the increase of the initial content of the curing agent, and after the content of the curing agent is more than 3 parts by weight, the curing degree of the unsaturated resin is higher, but the content of the small molecular monomer in the cured cross-linked network structure is lower, so that the unsaturated resin finished product shows great brittleness, and the tensile strength of the unsaturated resin finished product is greatly reduced. Therefore, the curing agent is preferably in the range of 1-3 parts by weight in consideration of factors such as the curing rate, the economic cost, the mechanical property of the finished resin and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the following problems: (1) the raw materials have wide sources and low price, and the used phosphoric acid mono/dialkyl ester and the production technology thereof are widely used in a plurality of industries; (2) the production process is simple, convenient and mild, the reaction only needs to be stirred for 0.5 hour at normal temperature and normal pressure in the ceramic kettle, no additional equipment is needed for assistance, and no byproducts or industrial three wastes are produced; (3) the reactive flame retardant with high phosphorus content is prepared, so that the flame retardant property and the flame retardant grade of unsaturated resin are greatly improved; (4) the flame retardant is reactive, and even if used in a large amount, the flame retardant can ensure the flame retardant property of unsaturated resin and ensure that the mechanical property of a resin cured product is not reduced.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples, where specific techniques and reaction conditions are not indicated, can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions or product specifications described in the literature in the field. Reagents, instruments or equipment of any manufacturer not indicated are commercially available.
Example 1
10mol of monomethyl phosphate (R is-CH)3N-1) and 20mol of glycidyl acrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to give the flame retardant (R is-CH)3N-1,) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 396g/mol and a phosphorus content of 7.83%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Example 2
10mol of phosphoric acid mono-octadecyl ester (R is-C)18H37N-1) and 20mol of glycidyl acrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to give a flame retardant (R is-C)18H37N-1) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 634g/mol and a phosphorus content of 4.89%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Example 3
10mol of phosphoric acid mono-octadecyl ester (R is-C)12H25N-1) and 20mol of glycidyl acrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to give a flame retardant (R is-C)12H25N-1) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 550g/mol and a phosphorus content of 5.64%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Example 4
10mol of dibutyl phosphate (R is-C)4H9N-2) and 10mol of glycidyl methacrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to obtain a flame retardant (R is-C)4H9N-2) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 334g/mol and a phosphorus content of 9.28%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Example 5
10mol of dibutyl phosphate (R is-C)4H9N-2) and 10mol of glycidyl methacrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to obtain a flame retardant (R is-C)4H9N-2) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 334g/mol and a phosphorus content of 9.28%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Example 6
10mol of dibutyl phosphate (R is-C)4H9N-2) and 10mol of glycidyl methacrylate were added to a ceramic kettle and stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5h to obtain a flame retardant (R is-C)4H9N-2) the flame retardant had a molecular weight of 334g/mol and a phosphorus content of 9.28%.
The flame-retardant unsaturated resin comprises the following formula:
after the resin preparation, the mixture was introduced into a mold and cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
Commercially available flame retardants 1 to 4 were purchased to replace the reactive flame retardants in the formulations of examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the resins of comparative examples 1 to 4 were prepared according to the formulations of examples 1 to 4, and the prepared resins were introduced into a mold to be cured at 60 ℃ for 24 hours after being mixed uniformly.
Example of detection
The resins obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to mechanical tests and flame retardancy tests, wherein the flame retardancy test standards are U L94: 2011V0, V1 and V2.
Examples test data are as follows:
| test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 43.6 | 53.5 | 51.5 | 50.3 | 48.2 | 34.6 |
| Flame retardant rating | V1 | V1 | V1 | V0 | V1 | V0 |
The test data for the comparative examples are as follows:
| test items | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 39.8 | 50.1 | 47.2 | 42.2 |
| Flame retardant rating | V1 | V1 | V1 | V1 |
From the test data in the table, compared with the commercial flame retardant, the flame retardant grades of the comparative examples 1 to 3 in the examples are V1 grades on the premise of the same addition amount, but the mechanical properties of the examples are obviously improved compared with those of the comparative examples; compared with the comparative example 4, the mechanical property of the example 4 is obviously improved, and the flame retardant grade is higher.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (9)
1. A reactive flame retardant is characterized in that a reactive flame retardant containing double bonds and phosphorus is obtained by reacting monoalkyl phosphate with a compound containing double bonds and an epoxy structure;
the structure is as follows:
wherein R is C1-C18An alkyl chain of (a); r1Is H or-CH3(ii) a n is an integer of 1 or 2.
2. A preparation method of a reactive flame retardant is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding 1mol of alkyl phosphate into a ceramic reaction kettle, adding 1-2 mol of a compound containing double bonds and an epoxy structure, and reacting at ambient temperature for 0.5-2 h to obtain the phosphorus-containing flame retardant containing the double bonds.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the alkyl phosphate has the following structure:
r is C1-C18N is an integer of 1 or 2.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the compound having a double bond and an epoxy structure comprises at least one of glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the phosphorus-containing flame retardant having a double bond has the following structure:
wherein R is C1-C18An alkyl chain of (a); r1Is H or-CH3(ii) a n is an integer of 1 or 2.
6. An unsaturated resin, comprising the following components:
unsaturated resin: 100 parts by weight
10 to 80 parts by weight of the flame retardant of claim 1
1-3 parts of curing agent
0.1-1 part by weight of catalyst;
and after the resin is prepared, introducing the resin into a mold, and curing for 24-48 h at 50-80 ℃.
7. The unsaturated resin of claim 6, wherein the unsaturated resin comprises at least one of an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy vinyl resin, and a polyurethane vinyl resin.
8. The unsaturated resin according to claim 6, wherein the curing agent is one or more of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl perbenzoate, dibenzoyl peroxide, and di-tert-butyl peroxide.
9. The unsaturated resin of claim 6, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one of a cobalt naphthenate solution, a cobalt isooctanoate solution, and an organotin solution.
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| CN112940263A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 美高微球(南通)科技有限公司 | Vinyl resin, preparation method thereof and thickened vinyl resin composition |
| CN113292910A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | Bio-based multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy acrylate and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113336898A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Preparation method of styrene-free flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resin |
| CN114230996A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 常州华日新材有限公司 | Novel flame-retardant SMC sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN116875158A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-10-13 | 南雄市双溪丽盈化工涂料有限公司 | Flame-retardant PE unsaturated polyester coating and synthesis process thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112940263A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 美高微球(南通)科技有限公司 | Vinyl resin, preparation method thereof and thickened vinyl resin composition |
| CN113292910A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | Bio-based multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy acrylate and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113336898A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Preparation method of styrene-free flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resin |
| CN114230996A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 常州华日新材有限公司 | Novel flame-retardant SMC sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN114230996B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-10-20 | 常州华日新材有限公司 | Novel flame-retardant SMC sheet and preparation method thereof |
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