CN111437084A - 假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔及制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:在接收腔内设置有导热板,在导热板上连接有散布在接受腔内的导热条或导热网,在导热板上连接有半导体制冷片,半导体制冷片上固定连接有散热片,散热片上固定连接有散热扇,在接受腔内还设置有PCB控制器和热电偶,在接受腔外壁上固定连接有电池,电池为PCB控制器、半导体制冷片、热电偶及散热扇供电。假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔的制作方法,包括以下步骤:(1)取型;(2)树脂接受腔真空成型;(3)切割打磨;(4)安装制冷加热装置;本发明减少患者因天气寒冷穿戴假肢接受腔时残端产生的并发症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及假肢(义肢)接受腔,特别涉及一种假肢(义肢)智能冷暖恒温接受腔及制作方法,属于康复医疗康复工程智能化技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,由于各种疾病、癌症、血管疾病、外伤、交通事故等原因造成的众多的截肢患者,随着现代医疗康复康复工程科学技术的发展,对装配假肢(也称义肢)提出了更高的要求。假肢作为弥补截肢者或者不完全残肢者用来代替失去肢体的部分功能的人工肢体,使患者恢复一定的自理和工作能力的辅助工具是非常重要的。而接受腔作为假肢最重要的组成部分,直接和残肢接触容纳残肢,起到承重、控制假肢运动等作用。接受腔结构是否合适残肢、将直接影响假肢功能的发挥和患者穿戴舒适度。目前假肢(义肢)的下肢接受腔有;插入式接受腔、全面接触接受腔、吸着式接受腔等,按部位分有;踝离断接受腔、小腿接受腔、膝离断接受腔、大腿接受腔、髋离断接受腔、上肢(义肢)假肢按部位分有;腕离断接受腔、前臂接受腔、肘离断接受腔、上臂接受腔、肩离断接受腔、肩胛胸廓接受腔;其中,小腿接受腔类型有;1、传统式小腿假肢接受腔2、韧带承重接受腔,PTB小腿接受腔、PTS小腿接受腔、KBM小腿接受腔、3、TSB全面接触吸着式接受腔、4、PTK小腿全接触式接受腔。大腿接受腔类型有;1.插入式大腿接受腔,传统的插入式接受腔、插入式全接触型接受腔;2.吸着式接受腔,CAT-CAM坐骨包容接受腔、坐骨承重接受腔、柔性(Flexible)接受腔四边形接受腔、ISNY接受腔、CAT/CAM接受腔;双层接受腔UDS接受腔。硅胶套、凝胶套应用;阿尔卑斯 ALPS凝胶套、硅胶套,斯泰芬艾德硅胶套、凝胶套,阿尔法凝胶套、硅胶套,奥索(Ossur)硅胶套、凝胶套,宝泰欧硅凝胶套等;硅胶套、凝胶套具有保护残端、避免残肢与接受腔的摩擦、悬吊性能优越、穿戴舒适美观、提高行走能力等优点。
随着外界温度的变化和假肢使用中残肢肌肉运动、皮肤体温的变化,接受腔内残肢才是真正的受害者。皮肤在不同温度条件下的肌肤状况是不一样的。热胀冷缩原理我们应该都不陌生,毛孔同样遵循这一物理学原理。
1、患者到了天气寒冷的时候,穿戴假肢时会因接受腔凉而感到非常不舒服。在穿戴使用假肢(义肢)过程中,因寒冷会导致肌肉收缩,血运和滑液分泌减少,关节周围组织(包括肌肉、韧带等)顺应性变差,所以很多人会感觉肌肉酸痛、关节发僵、关节炎疼痛等并发症。密闭接受腔残肢在低温和潮湿刺激时,也会使体表的血管发生痉挛,血液流量因此减少,造成组织缺血缺氧,细胞损伤,尤其是残肢远端血液循环较差的部位,进而对接受腔的舒适度和假肢的使用功能造成影响。
2、患者到了天气炎热的时候,在穿戴接受腔使用过程中,使得毛孔张大,容易分泌物质和流失水分。残肢皮肤处于密封负压受力的腔内,易发生湿疹、水泡、囊肿、白癣、皮炎以及残端变色、浮肿等并发症。因外界气温较高,和残肢运动时会导致肌肉收缩,血运和滑液分泌增多,接受腔内处于湿热状态,如果不清洁,各种细菌霉菌很容易快速,大量繁殖,容易造成皮肤感染和多种皮癣,而且接受腔气味难闻。也会产生因软组织排汗后肌肉萎缩导致残肢下滑和残肢与接受腔活塞运动产生摩擦,发生皮肤破损,在伤口不愈合的情况下使用接受腔会加重损伤,感染后情况会非常严重。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服目前的假肢中存在的上述问题,提供一种假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔及制作方法。
为实现本发明的目的,采用了下述的技术方案:假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,在接收腔内设置有导热板,在导热板上连接有散布在接受腔内的导热条或导热网,在导热板上连接有半导体制冷片,半导体制冷片上固定连接有散热片,散热片位于接受腔外,散热片上固定连接有散热扇,在接受腔内还设置有PCB控制器和热电偶,半导体制冷片和热电偶均通过导线连接至PCB控制器,在接受腔外壁上固定连接有电池,电池为PCB控制器、半导体制冷片、热电偶及散热扇供电。
进一步的;所述的导热板为铝板,在铝板上连接有呈“米”字形分布的导热铝皮条。
进一步的;所述的散热片为铝合金散热片,铝合金散热片与接受腔外壁之间设置有隔热海绵。
进一步的;所述的半导体制冷片型号为TES1-4902。
进一步的;所述的铝板为3mm厚55mm*55mm的铝块,导热铝皮条厚0.3mm、宽15mm。
进一步的;所述的锂电池配置有USB充电口。
假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔的制作方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)通过给截肢患者取型,修型得出石膏阳型;
(2)树脂接受腔真空成型:测量石膏阳型的长度和围长,焊好PVC膜套两个,卷上湿毛巾备用,检查真空设备压力,真空管连接是否漏气;在石膏阳型上套一层丝袜,然后用第一个PVC膜套套在石膏阳型上,以隔离水蒸气把第一个PVC膜套封口后开真空,防止第一个PVC膜套漏气;若漏气更换第一个个PVC膜套,不漏气后在石膏阳型上套四层纱套,在石膏阳型上套四层纱套,套上后纱套纹路自然,没有皱折;在石膏阳型内侧用双面胶粘贴厚3mm、55mm*55mm正方形铝块,用双面胶间隔粘贴厚0.3mm、宽15mm导热铝皮条,导热铝皮条呈“米”字形分布,导热铝皮条一端焊接在正方形铝块上,随套好纱套的石膏阳型的形状压敷贴于纱套上,在正方形铝块边缘处粘贴带螺纹孔梅花状垫片,在正方形铝块上粘贴3mm厚、50mm*50mm半导体制冷片模型,在石膏阳型外侧用双面胶粘贴PCB控制器模型,用双面胶粘贴固定半导体制冷片导线导管,PCB控制器导线导管,固定热电偶于纱套腘窝处或阳型体现的软组织较多处,热电偶导线端加长穿上绝缘管,导线亦可直接平顺粘贴于纱套表面,引导于PCB控制器模型处,PCB控制器导线导管引伸至上方,在准备好的两层纱套上剪一个微小的孔,再套两层纱套,PCB控制器导线导管穿过孔留置于外上方,在套好纱套的模型上端对线安装假肢配件、便于接受腔成型后连接其他假肢配件或关节;在准备好的六层纱套上剪一个孔、再套六层纱套,把第二个PVC膜套套上,用丙稀酸树脂加上固化剂调均匀,等树脂反应有热度时,倒进两层PVC塑料膜之间抽真空,把树脂赶均匀,把气泡赶跑后然后把多余的树脂赶至于前端,用线绳隔离系好;等树脂二次发热后,冷却后关真空泵,在树脂成型过程中若温度过高,可采用酒精降温;
(3)切割打磨:用记号笔标记接受腔口型,然后用锯沿记号线开始切割,取下模型以后把接受腔里面的石膏阳型砸掉,揭掉外层的PVC膜套,均匀打磨粗糙表面,打磨出PCB控制器导线导管、PCB控制器模型、半导体制冷片模型,接受腔口型处倒角;
(4) 安装制冷加热装置:取出PCB控制器模型和半导体制冷片模型,用PCB控制器替代PCB控制器模型,把半导体制冷片导线端穿过半导体制冷片导线导管引导至PCB控制器处,把厚3.5mm、40mm*40mm半导体制冷片一面用导热硅脂贴在正方形铝块上,一面用导热硅脂与铝合金散热片相粘接,铝合金散热片,通过梅花状垫片,固定在接受腔上,铝合金散热片与接受腔外壁之间加隔热海绵,铝合金散热片上装置散热扇;把半导体制冷片导线、热电偶导线及散热扇导线焊接在PCB控制器上,把PCB控制器导线穿过PCB控制器导线导管引导至接受腔底端,PCB控制器导线外面接开关、锂电池、USB充电口。
进一步的;取出PCB控制器模型后,通过胶将PCB控制器粘接到接受腔上。
本发明的积极有益技术效果在于:1.假肢(义肢)智能冷暖恒温接受腔;减少患者因天气寒冷穿戴假肢接受腔时残端产生的并发症,接受腔加热促进残端具有扩张血管、改善局部血液循环、促进局部代谢的作用,有益于残肢的健康。
2.假肢(义肢)智能冷暖恒温接受腔;减少患者因天气炎热穿戴假肢接受腔时不断出汗,散热不好,接受腔内温度、湿度的升高,人体会感觉疲劳和不舒适。通过接受腔降温改善了残肢血液循环;减少皮肤排汗,避免皮肤变色和过度角化;减轻、改善幻肢痛。
3.假肢(义肢)智能冷暖恒温接受腔;通过电子控制实现腔内恒温,减轻残肢热胀冷缩物理现象,有效促进血液循环,改善了残肢在接受腔内因温度变化导致的穿戴不适症状,和一些潜在并发症的发生,使接受腔穿戴使用的更科学合理,USB充电口设计让患者出门也可以随时电量保证接受腔与残肢温差。
附图说明
图1为正方形铝块、铝皮条、半导体制冷片模型、PCB控制器模型、热电偶敷贴石膏阳型示意图。
图2为梅花状垫片安装示意图。
图3为PVC膜套敷贴石膏模型抽真空示意图。
图4为接受腔安装半导体制冷片示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更充分的解释本发明的实施,提供本发明的实施实例,这些实施实例仅仅是对本发明的阐述,不限制本发明的范围。
结合附图对本发明进一步详细的阐述,附图中各标记为:1.石膏阳型;2.铝板;3.铝皮条;4.半导体制冷片模型;5.半导体制冷片导线导管;6.PCB控制器模型;7.PCB控制器导线导管;8.热电偶;9.梅花状垫片;10.第二PVC膜套;11、半导体制冷片;12.隔热海绵;13.铝合金散热片;14.散热扇;15:PCB控制器;16:开关;17:电池;18:USB充电口;19.接受腔;20.假肢配件。
本申请中的半导体制冷片模型、PCB控制器模型可采用与半导体制冷片和.PCB控制器形状相同的木块。
如附图所示, 假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,在接收腔19内设置有导热板,在导热板上连接有散布在接受腔内的导热条或导热网,所述的导热板为铝板2,在铝板上连接有呈“米”字形分布的导热铝皮条3,所述的铝板为3mm厚55mm*55mm的铝块,导热铝皮条厚0.3mm、宽15mm。在导热板上连接有半导体制冷片11,所述的半导体制冷片型号为TES1-4902,半导体制冷片上固定连接有散热片,散热片位于接受腔外,所述的散热片为铝合金散热片13,铝合金散热片与接受腔外壁之间设置有隔热海绵12,散热片上固定连接有散热扇14,在接受腔内还设置有PCB控制器15和热电偶8,半导体制冷片和热电偶均通过导线连接至PCB控制器,在接受腔外壁上固定连接有电池17,所述的锂电池配置有USB充电口18,电池为PCB控制器、半导体制冷片、热电偶及散热扇供电。
假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)通过给截肢患者取型,修型得出石膏阳型1;
(2)树脂接受腔19真空成型:测量石膏阳型的长度和围长,焊好PVC膜套两个,卷上湿毛巾备用,检查真空设备压力,真空管连接是否漏气;在石膏阳型上套一层丝袜,然后用第一个PVC膜套套在石膏阳型1上,隔离水蒸气、把第一个PVC膜套封口后开真空,防止第一个PVC膜套漏气;在石膏阳型1上套四层纱套,套上后纱套纹路自然,没有皱折;在石膏阳型1内侧用双面胶粘贴厚3mm、55mm*55mm正方形铝块2,用双面胶间隔粘贴厚0.3mm、宽15mm铝皮条3,铝皮条3一端焊接在正方形铝块2上,随套好纱套的石膏阳型1的形状压敷贴于纱套上,在正方形铝块2边缘1CM处粘贴带螺纹梅花状垫片9,在正方形铝块2上粘贴3mm厚、50mm*50mm半导体制冷片模型4,在石膏阳型1外侧用双面胶粘贴PCB控制器模型6,用双面胶粘贴固定半导体制冷片导线导管5,PCB控制器导线导管7,固定热电偶8于纱套腘窝处或阳型体现的软组织较多处,热电偶导线端加长穿上绝缘管,导线亦可直接平顺粘贴于纱套表面,引导于PCB控制器模型6,PCB控制器导线导管7引伸至上方,在准备好的两层纱套上剪一个微小的孔,再套两层纱套,PCB控制器导线导管7穿过孔留置于外上方,在套好纱套的模型上端对线安装假肢配件20、便于接受腔18成型后连接其他假肢配件或关节;在准备好的六层纱套上剪一个微小的孔、再套六层纱套,把第二个PVC膜套10套上,用丙稀酸树脂加上固化剂调均匀,等树脂反应有热度时,倒进两层PVC塑料膜之间抽真空,把树脂赶均匀,把气泡赶跑后然后把多余的树脂赶至于前端,用线绳隔离系好;等树脂二次发热后,冷却后关真空泵,在树脂成型过程中若温度过高,可采用酒精降温;
切割打磨:用记号笔标记接受腔口型,然后用震动锯沿记号线开始切割,取下模型以后把接受腔19里面的石膏阳型1砸掉,揭掉外层的PVC膜套,均匀打磨粗糙表面,打磨出PCB控制器导线导管7、PCB控制器模型6、半导体制冷片模型4,接受腔19口型处倒角。
(3)安装制冷加热装置:取出PCB控制器模型6和半导体制冷片模型4,把半导体制冷片导线端穿过半导体制冷片导线导管5引导至PCB控制器模型6处,把厚3.5mm、40mm*40mm半导体制冷片11一面用导热硅脂贴在正方形铝块2上,一面用导热硅脂贴在铝合金散热片13上,铝合金散热片13通过梅花状垫片9固定在接受腔19上,铝合金散热片13与接受腔19之间加隔热海绵12,铝合金散热片13上装置散热扇14;把半导体制冷片导线、热电偶导线及散热扇导线焊接在PCB控制器上,把PCB控制器导线穿过PCB控制器导线导管引导至接受腔19底端,PCB控制器导线外面接开关16、锂电池17、USB充电接口18。所述热电偶8,用于感应接受腔19内部温度;所述半导体制冷片11,用于接受腔19加热或降温保持恒温;所述PCB控制器15,用于设定智能控制调节或手动设定温度,并显示工作温度和环境温度。所述的正方形铝块2及铝皮条3用于半导体制冷片工作时的传递制冷或加热的能量到接受腔19腔体,所述开关16,用于控制电路的导通与关闭;所述锂电池17,用于PCB控制器15、半导体制冷片11、热电偶8及散热扇14的供电;所述USB充电接口18,用于方便锂电池17充电。整体组件散热装置、锂电池的装置可以根据患者残肢长度选择安装的部位,以不影响假肢外观的美观性为佳。如果残肢比较长可以设计在接受腔内侧,如过残肢比较短可以设计在接受腔下侧。
本发明使用时,打开开关,热电偶探知到接受腔的实际温度,根据设定温度与实际温度的比较来判断对接受腔降温还是升温,若升温,半导体制冷片制热,散热扇不启动,若制冷,散热扇启动,当接受腔达到设定温度时,制冷片停止工作。
本发明的半导体制冷片型号:TES1-4902电压5V,电流2A;制冷片功率:电压*电流=10W;若超越锂电池容量:12v10ah;电池时间=(电压*电池容量)÷制冷片功率=12*10÷10=12小时;利用控制器制冷或加热接受腔,电池可以持续供电12小时。
在详细说明本发明的实施方式之后,熟悉该项技术的人士可清楚地了解,在不脱离上述申请专利范围与精神下可进行各种变化与修改,凡依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围,且本发明亦不受限于说明书中所举实例的实施方式。本发明假肢(义肢)智能冷暖恒温接受腔技术可以应用在所有上、下肢假肢接受腔中。
Claims (8)
1.假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:在接收腔内设置有导热板,在导热板上连接有散布在接受腔内的导热条或导热网,在导热板上连接有半导体制冷片,半导体制冷片上固定连接有散热片,散热片位于接受腔外,散热片上固定连接有散热扇,在接受腔内还设置有PCB控制器和热电偶,半导体制冷片和热电偶均通过导线连接至PCB控制器,在接受腔外壁上固定连接有电池,电池为PCB控制器、半导体制冷片、热电偶及散热扇供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:所述的导热板为铝板,在铝板上连接有呈“米”字形分布的导热铝皮条。
3.根据权利要求1所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:所述的散热片为铝合金散热片,铝合金散热片与接受腔外壁之间设置有隔热海绵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:所述的半导体制冷片型号为TES1-4902。
5.根据权利要求2所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:所述的铝板为3mm厚55mm*55mm的铝块,导热铝皮条厚0.3mm、宽15mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔,其特征在于:所述的锂电池配置有USB充电口。
7.假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔的制作方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)通过给截肢患者取型,修型得出石膏阳型;
(2)树脂接受腔真空成型:测量石膏阳型的长度和围长,焊好PVC膜套两个,卷上湿毛巾备用,检查真空设备压力,真空管连接是否漏气;在石膏阳型上套一层丝袜,然后用第一个PVC膜套套在石膏阳型上,以隔离水蒸气把第一个PVC膜套封口后开真空,防止第一个PVC膜套漏气;若漏气更换第一个个PVC膜套,不漏气后在石膏阳型上套四层纱套,在石膏阳型上套四层纱套,套上后纱套纹路自然,没有皱折;在石膏阳型内侧用双面胶粘贴厚3mm、55mm*55mm正方形铝块,用双面胶间隔粘贴厚0.3mm、宽15mm导热铝皮条,导热铝皮条呈“米”字形分布,导热铝皮条一端焊接在正方形铝块上,随套好纱套的石膏阳型的形状压敷贴于纱套上,在正方形铝块边缘处粘贴带螺纹孔梅花状垫片,在正方形铝块上粘贴3mm厚、50mm*50mm半导体制冷片模型,在石膏阳型外侧用双面胶粘贴PCB控制器模型,用双面胶粘贴固定半导体制冷片导线导管,PCB控制器导线导管,固定热电偶于纱套腘窝处或阳型体现的软组织较多处,热电偶导线端加长穿上绝缘管,导线亦可直接平顺粘贴于纱套表面,引导于PCB控制器模型处,PCB控制器导线导管引伸至上方,在准备好的两层纱套上剪一个微小的孔,再套两层纱套,PCB控制器导线导管穿过孔留置于外上方,在套好纱套的模型上端对线安装假肢配件、便于接受腔成型后连接其他假肢配件或关节;在准备好的六层纱套上剪一个孔、再套六层纱套,把第二个PVC膜套套上,用丙稀酸树脂加上固化剂调均匀,等树脂反应有热度时,倒进两层PVC塑料膜之间抽真空,把树脂赶均匀,把气泡赶跑后然后把多余的树脂赶至于前端,用线绳隔离系好;等树脂二次发热后,冷却后关真空泵,在树脂成型过程中若温度过高,可采用酒精降温;
(3)切割打磨:用记号笔标记接受腔口型,然后用锯沿记号线开始切割,取下模型以后把接受腔里面的石膏阳型砸掉,揭掉外层的PVC膜套,均匀打磨粗糙表面,打磨出PCB控制器导线导管、PCB控制器模型、半导体制冷片模型,接受腔口型处倒角;
(4) 安装制冷加热装置:取出PCB控制器模型和半导体制冷片模型,用PCB控制器替代PCB控制器模型,把半导体制冷片导线端穿过半导体制冷片导线导管引导至PCB控制器处,把厚3.5mm、40mm*40mm半导体制冷片一面用导热硅脂贴在正方形铝块上,一面用导热硅脂与铝合金散热片相粘接,铝合金散热片,通过梅花状垫片,固定在接受腔上,铝合金散热片与接受腔外壁之间加隔热海绵,铝合金散热片上装置散热扇;把半导体制冷片导线、热电偶导线及散热扇导线焊接在PCB控制器上,把PCB控制器导线穿过PCB控制器导线导管引导至接受腔底端,PCB控制器导线外面接开关、锂电池、USB充电口。
8.根据权利要求7所述的假肢智能冷暖恒温接受腔的制作方法,其特征在于:取出PCB控制器模型后,通过胶将PCB控制器粘接到接受腔上。
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