CN111436535A

CN111436535A - Method for producing feed raw material by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs

Info

Publication number: CN111436535A
Application number: CN202010213702.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘文治
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-24
Filing date: 2020-03-24
Publication date: 2020-07-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing feed raw materials by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: heating, pressurizing and hydrolyzing the wet bean dregs by using an air heat pump, releasing pressure to normal pressure after hydrolysis, generating puffing materials, and recycling the generated soybean milk water to achieve zero emission; step two: and (3) carrying out reciprocating pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force negative pressure dehydration and drying on the puffed material obtained in the first step. Performing negative pressure dehydration to obtain a finished product of the dry bean dreg feed raw material, wherein the reciprocating times are based on that the dry bean dreg is dehydrated until the water content of the dry bean dreg is less than or equal to 13%; step three: and D, metering, packaging and warehousing the finished product of the dry soybean residue feed raw material obtained in the step two. The invention makes the wet bean dregs undergo hydrolysis, puffing and targeted impact, the crude protein is degraded into micromolecular protein, the crude fiber is degraded into polysaccharide, the digestion and absorption rate of livestock and poultry is improved, the feed reward is improved, and all indexes of the feed raw materials produced by the innovative hydrolysis, dehydration and drying method meet the agricultural industry standard, and the energy is greatly saved compared with the traditional drying method.

Description

Method for producing feed raw material by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to a method for producing feed raw materials by processing wet bean dregs through hydrolytic puffing, pressurizing, pressure releasing, targeted impact force and negative pressure dehydration and drying.

Background

1. The moisture content of wet bean dregs in bean product factories is as high as 85%, the wet bean dregs are directly sold to livestock and poultry breeding factories as raw materials of feed, and the wet bean dregs have high moisture content, 18-20% of crude protein content and 37.6% of total sugar content, so that fungus breeding, fermentation and deterioration are easily caused, foul smell is generated, and the environment is polluted. The feed is directly used as a feed raw material for livestock without dehydration treatment, and epidemic infectious diseases of the livestock are easy to occur.

2. The national ecological environmental protection department of 8.31.2017 promulgates the 5.2 regulation in the national standard GB34330-2017 solid waste identification general rules: "the product produced by using the solid waste satisfies the following conditions without solid waste management, according to the corresponding product management. a) The product quality standard of the substituted raw material production is established in China or places or is passed by the industry. b) And meets the relevant national pollutant discharge standard or technical specification. c) Has stable and reasonable market demand. "the criteria is enforcement. The criteria were performed from 2017, 10 and 1.

3. The original national ministry of agriculture announcements No. 1773 order, formulated the catalogue of feedstuff for prior release, and implemented in 2013, 1 month and 1 day. The third part of the feed raw material list, the raw material number 2.3.15, the raw material name bean dregs, the characteristic description: soaking and grinding soybeans to prepare a soybean product or a byproduct after protein extraction, and forcibly marking requirements on crude protein and crude fiber. The processing of feed materials from wet okara is within the policy's allowance.

4. The chemical components of the wet bean dregs are as follows: 17.84 percent of crude protein, 9.62 percent of crude fiber and 3.85 percent of crude ash on a dry basis (selected from Dulian Kenyuan, New technology P255 for bean curd production and chemical industry Press 2018.5). The standard of the raw material of the substitute feed which is close to the components of the bean dregs is 'agricultural industry standard NY/T211-92 wheat middling for feed', and the quality control indexes are divided into three grades:

the crude protein has a primary level of 14.0% or more, a secondary level of 12.0% or more, and a tertiary level of 10.0% or more

The primary level of the crude fiber is less than 3.5 percent, the secondary level is less than 5.5 percent, and the tertiary level is less than 7.5 percent

The first grade of the coarse ash is less than 2.0 percent, the second grade is less than 3.0 percent, and the third grade is less than 4.0 percent

The water content is less than 13%

In comparison, the crude protein content of the wet bean dregs is better than the primary standard. The crude fiber is hydrolyzed not to exceed the third-level standard, and the crude ash is not to exceed the third-level standard. But a part of ash content after processing and hydrolysis can be dissolved in the recycled soybean milk, so that the content of crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash content can be reduced, the moisture content of wet bean dregs is 85 percent, the standard is less than 13 percent, and the problem can be solved by dehydration and drying. In a word, the processed feed meets the third-level standard of the feed wheat middling feed raw material at least.

5. The traditional dehydration and drying of wet organic materials adopts dryers generating hot air, such as a directly heated air flow dryer and a rotary hollow blade dryer indirectly heated by steam, and a tube bundle dryer and a target dryer need to be heated by electric heating and gas heating to generate steam or hot air. The temperature of the heat source is at least more than or equal to 150 ℃, and one ton of water is evaporated by one ton of steam with the temperature of 150 ℃. Using 85m of natural gas³350 yuan or so, and 560 yuan or so is required for the installed capacity and the electricity consumption cost of a 720KW electric boiler for electric heating.

6. The traditional spray explosion technology is only used for pressurizing and releasing pressure once and does not have the steps of pressurizing, releasing pressure, targeting impact force and negative pressure dehydration repeatedly. The traditional impinging stream technology is characterized in that two streams collide with each other, and the impinging stream technology is also disposable and does not reciprocate for many times, so that the dehydration standard cannot be reached.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for producing feed raw materials by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs aiming at the defects in the process of preparing the feed raw materials by the existing wet bean dregs.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for producing feed raw materials by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the wet bean dregs are heated and pressurized by an air heat pump for hydrolysis, the pressure is released to normal pressure after hydrolysis, puffing is generated to form a puffed material, and the generated soybean milk is recycled to achieve zero emission;

step two: performing reciprocating pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force dehydration drying and negative pressure dehydration on the puffed material obtained in the step one by using an air heat pump to obtain a finished product of the dry soybean residue feed raw material, wherein the reciprocating times are based on that the dried and dehydrated dry soybean residue contains less than or equal to 13% of water;

step three: and D, metering, packaging and warehousing the finished product of the dry soybean residue feed raw material obtained in the step two.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step one, the temperature in the hydrolysis process by utilizing the heating and pressurizing of the air heat pump is controlled to be 120-200 ℃, and the pressure of the hot air is controlled to be 0.2-2.0 MPa.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the first step, the hydrolysis is performed under heating and pressure, and the hydrolysis is performed under heating and pressure without adding acid or alkali, under heating and pressure with adding acid, or under heating and pressure with adding or subtracting.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, the air heat pump is pressurized to an air pressure of 0.3 Mpa-0.9 Mpa.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the negative pressure dehydration is to perform air and moisture separation on the aerosol generated in the processes of reciprocating pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force negative pressure dehydration and drying, and then the air is discharged and the moisture is recycled.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, one of a medium-pressure induced draft fan, a high-pressure induced draft fan or a water-ring vacuum pump is adopted as the negative pressure in the negative-pressure dehydration.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the negative pressure dewatering is performed by using one of a gradient multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh filter separator and a baffle plate type separator of 0.1mm × 0.1.0.1 mm-3 mm × 3 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. through the processes of pressurization, pressure release hydrolysis puffing, pressurization, pressure release, target impact force negative pressure dehydration and drying, molecules of crude fibers and crude proteins in the bean dregs are degraded, the crude fibers are degraded into polysaccharide, the crude proteins are degraded into small-molecule peptone, protein and protein peptide, the digestion and absorption rates of livestock and poultry are increased, and the quality of feed raw material products is greatly improved.

2. The dehydration is carried out in the form of forming aerosol below 100 ℃ by pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force, negative pressure dehydration and drying, and then the dehydration and drying are carried out by gas-water separation to ensure that the water in the wet material is heated to steam above 100 ℃ and the steam is dehydrated and dried, thereby greatly saving energy.

3. The power of 15KW for dehydration in the form of aerosol is generated by adopting a medium-pressure draught fan or a high-pressure water ring vacuum pump for reciprocating pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force, negative pressure dehydration and drying, the power consumption of 25KW of the piston reciprocating air compressor for pressurization is added together with 40KW, the power consumption of 40KWh per hour is reduced, the 1KWh electricity fee is 1.2 yuan, the total power consumption is reduced by 48 yuan, and the energy is greatly saved.

4. The reciprocating pressurization, pressure release and targeted impact force negative pressure dehydration drying utilizes the kinetic energy generated by driving a piston reciprocating air compressor by a motor of an air heat pump, the pressure release is converted into potential energy of normal pressure to instantly generate an aerosol (steam fog) form, and then the moisture in wet bean dregs is further and rapidly removed in the aerosol form by the mechanical energy of targeted impact, instead of the traditional dryer which generates steam by heating wet materials to more than 100 ℃ to perform dehydration drying, so the energy is greatly saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for producing feed materials by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

The raw materials of the feed processed by the wet bean dregs are controlled by the agricultural industry standard NY/T211-92 quality control standard of wheat middling for feed.

The first step of the production is hydrolysis and expansion, the hydrolysis temperature is controlled at 160 ℃, the air pressure is controlled at 0.8Mpa, the pressure is released to normal pressure for expansion, and the targeted impact force is used for further expansion. The discharged soybean milk water is recycled, and zero discharge is achieved. The hydrolysis mode adopts high-temperature high-pressure hydrolysis without adding acid and alkali.

Secondly, pressurizing repeatedly, releasing pressure, dehydrating by targeted impact force and drying; the pressure of the pressurized air is controlled at 0.6Mpa, the reciprocating times are 6 times, and the water content of the dry bean dregs is 12.6 percent and is less than 13 percent. The content of micromolecular crude protein is 14.8 percent, the content of crude fiber is 5.4 percent, the content of crude ash is 2.9 percent, and the secondary standard in the standard is achieved.

In the third step, negative pressure dehydration is carried out by using negative pressure generated by a high-pressure draught fan, air and moisture in the aerosol are separated by using a five-layer gradient stainless steel wire filter screen type separator with the thickness of 0.3mm × 0.3.3 mm-2 mm × 2mm, in the fourth step, automatic metering and packaging are carried out by using a computer, each bag is 50kg, and finally the product is stored in a warehouse.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method for producing feed raw materials by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: carrying out heating and pressurizing hydrolysis on the wet bean dregs by using an air heat pump, releasing pressure to normal pressure after hydrolysis, puffing to form a puffed material, and recycling the generated soybean milk to achieve zero emission;

2. The method for producing feedstuff by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the temperature is controlled to 120-200 ℃ and the pressure of hot air is controlled to 0.2-2.0 MPa in the hydrolysis process by using the air heat pump to heat and pressurize.

3. The method for producing feedstuff according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the first step, the hydrolysis is performed under heating and pressure, and the hydrolysis is one of heating and pressure hydrolysis without adding acid or alkali, heating and pressure hydrolysis with adding acid, and heating and pressure hydrolysis with adding or subtracting heating and pressure.

4. The method for producing feedstuff by hydrolyzing wet soybean dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pressure of the air heat pump is controlled to 0.3 MPa-0.9 MPa.

5. The method for producing feedstuff by hydrolyzing wet soybean dregs as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the second step, the negative pressure dehydration is to separate the air and the water in the aerosol generated in the processes of reciprocating pressurization, pressure release, targeted impact force dehydration and drying, and the air is discharged and the water is recycled.

6. The method for producing feed stuff by hydrolyzing wet bean dregs as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the second step, the negative pressure in the negative pressure dehydration adopts one of a medium pressure induced draft fan, a high pressure induced draft fan or a water ring vacuum pump.

7. The method for producing feedstuff by hydrolyzing wet soybean dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the negative pressure dehydration is performed by using one of a gradient multi-layer stainless steel wire mesh filter separator and a baffle plate separator of 0.1mm × 0.1-3 mm × 3 mm.