CN111431798B - Route switching method and device - Google Patents
Route switching method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111431798B CN111431798B CN202010246664.1A CN202010246664A CN111431798B CN 111431798 B CN111431798 B CN 111431798B CN 202010246664 A CN202010246664 A CN 202010246664A CN 111431798 B CN111431798 B CN 111431798B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/22—Alternate routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/36—Backward learning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
Abstract
The application provides a route switching method and a route switching device. In the route switching method, when a switching chip of the routing equipment determines to switch the route reaching the IP address, the switching chip determines to switch the route reaching the IP address; re-switching to a next hop table item and re-switching to a redirection output port table item and a redirection direction encapsulation table item pointed by the next hop table item according to the to-be-switched route reaching the IP address; setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority; redirecting a message sent to an IP (Internet protocol) ground by a main next hop table entry of a main route to be searched to a redirected next hop table entry through a next hop redirection table entry; performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for route switching.
Background
When the forwarding chip of the routing device executes three-layer forwarding, a next hop index is found according to a destination ip (internet protocol) address of a three-layer message and a VPN (Virtual Private Network, VPN) identifier, an egress port index and an egress direction encapsulation index are obtained according to a next hop table entry pointed by the next hop index, an egress port of the message is obtained according to the egress port index pointed by the egress port table entry, and encapsulation information is obtained according to an egress direction encapsulation table entry pointed by the egress direction encapsulation index, for example, the encapsulation information includes an MAC address of an egress port as a source MAC (media Access control) address, a vlan (Virtual Local Area Network) of the egress port, ethernet encapsulation information or other tunnel encapsulation information of an MAC address as a next hop of the destination MAC address, and the like.
When the routing equipment can reach a destination IP address through two main and standby routes, the routing equipment stores a main next hop table item and a standby next hop table item pointed by a main next hop index; the main next-hop table entry and the standby next-hop table entry record an output port index and an output direction encapsulation index. When the high-priority main route fails, the routing equipment modifies the main next hop index in the routing table into the standby next hop index, modifies the output port table entry and the output direction encapsulation table entry according to the standby route, and quickly switches to the standby route for three-layer forwarding.
However, the above-mentioned master/slave route switching has a disadvantage that as destinations with master/slave routes increase, the more the switch chip of the routing device stores the next hop table entries, the more the switch chip is occupied with storage resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a route switching method and a route switching device, which can reduce the occupation of the storage resource of a switching chip of a routing device by a standby routing table item when the route switching is not needed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for switching a route, including: determining a route for switching to an IP address; re-switching to a next hop table item and re-switching to a re-direction output port table item and a re-direction output direction encapsulation table item pointed by the next hop table item according to the to-be-switched route setting reaching the IP address; setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority; redirecting a message sent to an IP (Internet protocol) ground by a main next hop table entry of a main route to be searched to a redirected next hop table entry through a next hop redirection table entry; performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a route switching device, which includes a route identification module, configured to determine a route to be switched to an IP address; re-switching to a next hop table item and re-switching to a redirection output port table item and a redirection direction encapsulation table item pointed by the next hop table item according to the to-be-switched route reaching the IP address; setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority; redirecting a message sent to an IP (Internet protocol) ground by a main next hop table entry of a main route to be searched to a redirected next hop table entry through a next hop redirection table entry; performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
The method and the device have the advantages that the storage resources of the switching chip of the routing equipment occupied when the routing is not needed to be switched are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a route switching method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating normal forwarding of a primary router provided in the present application;
fig. 3 is a forwarding diagram of a redirect route provided in the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic forwarding diagram for switching to a backup route according to the present application;
fig. 5 is a forwarding schematic diagram of a standby route redirected to a primary route provided in the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment provided herein.
Detailed Description
A detailed description will be given of a number of examples shown in a number of figures. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. Well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the examples.
The term "including" as that term is used is meant to include, but is not limited to; the term "comprising" means including but not limited to; the terms "above," "within," and "below" are inclusive of the instant numbers; the terms "greater than" and "less than" mean that the number is not included. The term "based on" means based on at least a portion thereof.
The embodiment of the route switching method provided by the present application shown in fig. 1 includes:
105, packaging the outgoing direction of the message according to the redirected outgoing direction packaging table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
The method shown in fig. 1 has the advantage of reducing the occupation of the storage resource of the switching chip of the routing device by the standby routing table entry when the routing switch is not needed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating forwarding when the routing device does not need route switching. In this embodiment, taking the router reaching the IP address 1.1.1.1 as an example, the routing device learns two routes according to the routing protocol, and uses the route with high priority as the primary route and the route with low priority as the backup route. The router reaches an IP address 1.1.1.1 through the main route, which is the next hop, and is 10.0.0.1, an output port connected with the next hop is port1, the MAC address of the output port1 is MAC A1 and is positioned in VLAN10, and the MAC address of the port of the next hop 10.0.0.1 is 101; the router reaches IP address 1.1.1.1 through the backup route as next hop 20.0.0.2, the egress port connected to the next hop is port2, the MAC address of the egress port2 is MAC a2, and is located in VLAN20, and the MAC address of next hop 20.0.0.2 is 202.
According to the embodiment of the present application, the switch chip of the router first applies for the next hop index ID1 for the next hop of the primary route. The switching chip of the router sets a primary next hop table entry, stores a next hop index ID1, and stores the next hop index ID in the routing table entry of IP address 1.1.1.1 of the routing table. The exchange chip of the router sets a main output port table entry and records a port 1; and setting a primary outgoing direction encapsulation table entry, and recording the Ethernet encapsulation information of the primary route as MAC A1, MAC101 and VLAN 10. The next hop index ID1 of the switch chip of the router points to the next hop table entry of the primary route, and stores the index of the table entry of the primary output port and the index of the encapsulation table entry of the primary output direction.
When the switching chip of the router determines that three-layer forwarding is executed for a received message, and a routing table entry of an IP address 1.1.1.1 is found according to a destination IP address of the message, a next hop index ID1 is found, a primary next hop table entry is found according to a next hop index ID1, and an index of a primary output port table entry and an index of a primary output direction table entry are read; then reading the table entry of the main output port and the encapsulation table entry of the main output direction respectively; according to the ethernet encapsulation information, taking MAC a1 as the source MAC address and MAC101 as the destination MAC address, VLAN10 encapsulates the three-layer packet into ethernet encapsulation, and forwards the ethernet encapsulation through port 1.
Compared with the prior art, although the router learns two routes, when the high-priority main route is normal and the standby route does not need to be switched, only the table item associated with the high-priority main route is issued, and the table item of the low-priority route occupies the storage resource of the switching chip of the routing equipment when the route switching is not needed.
Fig. 3 is a forwarding diagram of a redirect backup route provided in the present application. The router detects the active route failure of the IP address 1.1.1.1. The switching chip of the router applies for a next hop index ID2 by taking the standby route as the route to be switched, resets the next hop table item and stores a next hop index ID 2. A switching chip of the router sets a redirection output port table entry and records a port 2; and setting a redirection direction encapsulation table entry, and recording the Ethernet encapsulation information of the standby route as MAC A2, MAC 202 and VLAN 20. The switching chip of the router sets a redirection next hop table entry pointed by the next hop index ID2, stores an index of the redirection exit port table entry and an index of the redirection direction encapsulation table entry.
The switching chip of the router establishes a next hop redirection table entry with higher priority in an Access Control List (ACL); the matching item is the primary next hop index ID1, and the action item is the table item pointed by the next hop index ID 2.
The chip of the router executes three-layer forwarding for the message with the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1, when the routing table entry of the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1 of the message is found, the next hop index ID1 is found, the matched next hop redirection table entry is found in the ACL table with higher priority according to the next hop index ID1, the redirection next hop table entry pointed by the next hop index ID2 is found according to the action entry, and the index of the redirection output port table entry and the index of the redirection direction encapsulation table entry are read; and then respectively reading a redirection output port table entry and a redirection output direction encapsulation table entry, according to standby route Ethernet encapsulation information, taking MAC A2 as a source MAC address and MAC 202 as a destination MAC address, and VLAN20), encapsulating the Ethernet header of the three-layer message, and then forwarding the three-layer message through a port2, thereby realizing route redirection.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the forwarding switched to the backup route provided in the present application in fig. 4. After the switch chip of the router completes the next hop redirection, port1 of the entry of the main output port is modified to be port2 on the standby router, and the ethernet encapsulation information in the encapsulation entry of the main output direction is modified to be MAC a2, MAC 202 and VLAN 20. The exchange chip of the router deletes the next hop redirection table entry in the ACL table, deletes the redirection next hop table entry, and deletes the redirection exit port table entry and the redirection direction encapsulation table entry.
The chip of the router executes three-layer forwarding for the message with the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1, when the routing table entry of the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1 of the message is found, the next hop index ID1 is found, the main next hop table entry is found according to the next hop index ID1, and the index of the main output port table entry and the index of the main output direction table entry are read; then, the entry of the primary output port and the entry of the primary output direction encapsulation are read respectively, and the three-layer packet is encapsulated by using MAC a2 as a source MAC address and MAC 202 as a destination MAC address according to the standby routing ethernet encapsulation information recorded by the entry of the primary output direction encapsulation, and then forwarded through port 2.
FIG. 5 is a forwarding diagram of the backup route redirection to the active route provided by the present application
When the router arrives at the main route of the IP address 1.1.1.1 to recover the load, the router takes the main route as the route to be switched, and redirects the message sent to the IP address 1.1.1.1 to the main route.
The switching chip of the router requests the next hop index ID3 for the main route, and the switching chip of the router resets the next hop table entry and stores the next hop index ID 3. A switching chip of the router sets a redirection output port table entry and records a port 1; and setting a redirection direction encapsulation table entry, and recording the Ethernet encapsulation information of the standby route as MAC A1, MAC101 and VLAN 10. The switching chip of the router sets a redirection next hop table entry pointed by the next hop index ID3, stores an index of the redirection exit port table entry and an index of the redirection direction encapsulation table entry.
The switching chip of the router establishes a next hop redirection table entry with higher priority in an Access Control List (ACL); the matching item is the primary next hop index ID1, and the action item is the table item pointed to by the lookup next hop index ID 3.
The chip of the router executes three-layer forwarding for the message with the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1, when the routing table entry of the destination IP address of 1.1.1.1 of the message is found, the next hop index ID1 is found, the matched next hop redirection table entry is found in the ACL table with higher priority according to the next hop index ID1, the redirection next hop table entry pointed by the next hop index ID3 is found according to the action entry, and the index of the redirection output port table entry and the index of the redirection direction encapsulation table entry are read; and then respectively reading a redirection output port table entry and a redirection output direction encapsulation table entry, and according to standby route Ethernet encapsulation information, taking MAC A1 as a source MAC address, MAC101 as a destination MAC address and VLAN10), encapsulating the three-layer message into an Ethernet header, and then forwarding the message through a port1, thereby realizing route redirection.
After the switch chip of the router performs redirection from the complete master route to the master route, port2 in the master egress port table entry in fig. 4 is modified to be egress port1 on the standby route, and ethernet encapsulation information in the encapsulation table entry in the master egress direction is modified to be MAC a1, MAC101, or VLAN 10. The switching chip of the router deletes the next hop redirection table entry in the ACL table shown in fig. 5, deletes the next hop redirection table entry, and deletes the redirection egress port table entry and the redirection egress direction encapsulation table entry. The switching chip of the router then sends the message to the IP address 1.1.1.1 through the active router as shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from the embodiment shown in fig. 5, when the router switches from the standby route to the primary route, packet loss caused by asynchronous modification of the primary output port entry and the primary output direction encapsulation entry is avoided through the route redirection.
The route switching device 600 provided in the present application and shown in fig. 6 may be disposed in a switch chip of a routing device, where the device 600 includes: a route identification module 601, an entry control module 602, and a forwarding module 603.
And a route identification module 601, configured to determine a route to be switched to the IP address.
The table entry control module 602 is configured to redirect a next hop table entry and redirect a redirection egress port table entry and a redirection egress direction encapsulation table entry pointed by the next hop table entry according to a to-be-switched route reaching the IP address; and setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority.
The forwarding module 603 redirects a packet to the IP address of the primary next hop entry of the primary route to be searched to a redirected next hop entry through a next hop redirection entry; performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
The table entry control module 602 is further configured to modify an output port of the master output port table entry pointed by the master next hop table entry into an output port on the route to be switched; modifying the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the primary outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the primary next-hop table item into the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route; deleting the next hop table item of redirection, the exit port table item of redirection and the encapsulation table item of redirection. The matching item of the next hop redirection table item is a main next hop index which points to a main next hop table item in the routing table items matched with the IP address; the action item of the next-hop redirection table item is to find the table item pointed by the redirection next-hop index.
The table entry control module 602, which relocates the next-hop table entry according to the to-be-switched routing setting of the arrival IP address, includes: re-indexing the next hop for the IP address application; record the redirection exit port table item index and the redirection direction encapsulation table item index at the redirection next-hop table item pointed by the redirection next-hop index.
The table entry control module 602 is configured to redirect a redirection exit table entry pointed by a next hop table entry and a redirection exit encapsulation table entry redirection direction encapsulation table entry according to a to-be-switched route setting reaching an IP address, where the redirection exit table entry and the redirection exit encapsulation table entry redirection direction encapsulation table entry redirection exit include: recording an output port on the route to be switched in a redirection output port table entry pointed by the redirection output port table entry index; and recording the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route in the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item index.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A route switching method is applied to a switching chip and comprises the following steps:
determining a route for switching to an IP address;
re-switching to a next hop table entry and re-switching to a redirection output port table entry and a redirection direction encapsulation table entry pointed by the next hop table entry according to the to-be-switched route reaching the IP address;
setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority;
redirecting the message to the IP ground, which needs to search the main next hop table entry of the main route, to the redirection next hop table entry through the next hop redirection table entry;
performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry;
sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry;
modifying the output port of the main output port table entry pointed by the main next-hop table entry into the output port on the route to be switched;
modifying the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the primary outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the primary next-hop table item into the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route;
deleting the redirection next hop table entry, the redirection exit port table entry and the redirection exit direction encapsulation table entry.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein setting the redirection next hop table entry according to the to-be-switched route to the IP address comprises:
applying for a next hop index for the IP address;
recording the redirection egress port table entry index and the redirection egress direction encapsulation table entry index at the redirection next-hop table entry pointed to by the redirection next-hop index.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein resetting the redirection egress port table entry and redirection egress direction encapsulation table entry pointed to by the next hop table entry according to the to-be-switched routing setting reaching the IP address comprises:
recording an output port on the route to be switched in the redirection output port table entry pointed by the redirection output port table entry index;
and recording the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route in the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item index.
4. The method of claim 3,
the matching item of the next hop redirection table item is a main next hop index pointing to a main next hop table item in the routing table items matched with the IP address; and the action item of the next-hop redirection table item is to search the table item pointed by the redirection next-hop index.
5. A routing switching apparatus, wherein the apparatus applied to a switch chip comprises:
the route identification module is used for determining a route for switching to an IP address;
the table item control module is used for resetting the next hop table item and the redirection output port table item and redirection direction encapsulation table item pointed by the next hop table item according to the to-be-switched route reaching the IP address; setting a next hop redirection table entry with high priority; the output port of the main output port table item pointed by the main next-hop table item is modified to be the output port of the to-be-switched route after the message is redirected and encapsulated; modifying the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the primary outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the primary next-hop table item into the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route; deleting the redirection next hop table entry, the redirection exit port table entry and the redirection exit direction encapsulation table entry;
the forwarding module redirects the message to the IP site, which needs to search the main next hop table entry of the main route, to the redirected next hop table entry through the next hop redirection table entry; performing outgoing direction encapsulation on the message according to the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table entry; and sending a message for finishing the encapsulation of the outgoing direction according to the outgoing port of the redirection outgoing port table entry.
6. The apparatus of claim 5,
the table item control module relocates the next-hop table item according to the route to be switched reaching the IP address, which comprises the following steps: applying for a next hop index for the IP address; recording the redirection egress port table entry index and the redirection egress direction encapsulation table entry index at the redirection next-hop table entry pointed to by the redirection next-hop index.
7. The apparatus of claim 6,
the table entry control module is configured to reset a redirection exit table entry pointed by a next hop table entry and a redirection exit direction encapsulation table entry according to the to-be-switched route setting reaching the IP address, where the redirection exit table entry and the redirection exit direction encapsulation table entry include: recording an output port on the route to be switched in the redirection output port table entry pointed by the redirection output port table entry index; and recording the outgoing direction encapsulation information of the to-be-switched route in the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item pointed by the redirected outgoing direction encapsulation table item index.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the matching entry of the next hop redirection table entry is a primary next hop index pointing to a primary next hop table entry in the routing table entries whose IP addresses match; and the action item of the next-hop redirection table item is to search the table item pointed by the redirection next-hop index.
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| CN114531396B (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2024-01-16 | 北京华为数字技术有限公司 | Fault back switching method and device in Ethernet virtual private network |
| CN113992570B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-11-03 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | Message forwarding method and device |
| CN117319343A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Policy routing implementation method, device and storage medium |
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