CN111426913B - Fault positioning method and system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics - Google Patents

Fault positioning method and system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics Download PDF

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CN111426913B
CN111426913B CN202010307870.9A CN202010307870A CN111426913B CN 111426913 B CN111426913 B CN 111426913B CN 202010307870 A CN202010307870 A CN 202010307870A CN 111426913 B CN111426913 B CN 111426913B
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fault
positive sequence
voltage distribution
voltage
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CN111426913A (en
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陈卫
袁智勇
白宇
于力
陈睿
徐全
尹项根
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Research Institute of Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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Research Institute of Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault positioning method and system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, and belongs to the field of power distribution network fault positioning. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the power distribution network in real time, and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at the moment of a fault; respectively taking two ends of a fault line as starting points, deducing positive sequence voltage distribution along the fault line and determining an initial fault positioning interval; respectively constructing differential voltage distribution taking two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line; and obtaining a final fault positioning interval according to the slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning interval and the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve. The method solves the problem that when the fault occurs under the working conditions of smaller length coefficient of the branch line of the power distribution feeder line, shorter line length and the like, the distance measurement result has larger error due to lower gradient of the voltage curve, and effectively improves the reliability and accuracy of double-end fault positioning.

Description

Fault positioning method and system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power distribution network fault positioning, and particularly relates to a fault positioning method and system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics.
Background
With the development and progress of the society in China, safe and reliable power supply becomes an important link concerning national life and industrial production. Meanwhile, economic loss and negative effects caused by power failure are more obvious, and the demand for continuously supplying and distributing high-quality electric energy is more urgent. The transmission line is used as a basic component of the power distribution network, and the occurrence rate of line faults is extremely high due to various factors such as wide distribution range, long-term exposure to natural environment, line aging, artificial damage and the like. Therefore, the fault position and the fault reason can be accurately and quickly found after the fault occurs, and the method is very important for improving the safe operation level of the power system and ensuring the operation reliability.
The current main methods for positioning the transmission line fault can be divided into an impedance method and a traveling wave method according to the principle. The impedance method is to calculate the fault position by combining the fault power frequency quantity information and the power frequency phasor in the fault voltage and current and the line parameters. The traveling wave method is to analyze and calculate the transient traveling wave in fault to measure the fault position under the condition of considering the line distribution parameters. Because various noises are mixed in the obtained waveform on the actual engineering site, the traveling wave head is difficult to identify, and the traveling wave method is limited in ranging reliability.
Because the impedance method can utilize the double-end data of the line to carry out distance measurement, the fault information is fully utilized, the influence of transition resistance is not easy to occur, and along with the development and utilization of a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), the problem of double-end data synchronization is solved, and the distance measurement precision is obviously improved. However, the voltage distribution along the medium-short length (1-5km) line widely distributed in the power distribution network is limited by the length of the line, the gradient of a voltage curve is low when a fault occurs, and the voltage drop characteristic is not obvious, so that the double-end distance measurement result has large deviation from the actual fault position.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a fault positioning method and a fault positioning system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, and aims to solve the technical problem that when a short-length line of a power distribution network has a fault, a distance measurement result has a large error due to low gradient of a voltage curve.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fault location method based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, including:
s1, detecting a power distribution network in real time, and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at a fault moment;
s2, respectively taking two ends of a fault line as starting points, constructing a positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, and determining an initial fault positioning interval;
s3, respectively constructing differential voltage distribution with the two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line;
and S4, obtaining a final fault positioning interval according to the slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning interval and the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve.
Further, step S2 specifically includes:
s2.1, taking the M end as a starting point, and obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UMx＝UM-(IM-UM·Yx)Zx；
s2.2, with the N end as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UNx＝UN-[IN-UN·Y(l-x)]Z(l-x)；
wherein M, N is the end points at two ends of the fault line, UM、UNM, N points positive sequence voltage respectively; i isM、INM, N points of positive sequence current respectively; z is the unit impedance of the fault line, Y is the unit admittance of the fault line, l is the length of the fault line, UMxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the end M as a starting point; u shapeNxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the N end as a starting point;
s2.3. composed of | UMx|＝|UNxI solving fault point xfAnd fault voltage ufAnd according to uset＝uf+ Δ u is calculatedVoltage threshold uset(ii) a Wherein, the delta u is a voltage error of the secondary side of the voltage transformer under different precision grades;
s2.4. consisting of
Figure BDA0002456420060000031
Determining initial fault location interval (x)1,x2)。
Further, step S3 specifically includes:
s3.1, calculating the difference voltage of end points at two ends of the line:
Figure BDA0002456420060000032
wherein, UM(0)、UN(l)Respectively measuring voltages of end points at two ends of a fault line; u shapeM(l)、UM(0)Are respectively according to UMxThe total line length voltage obtained by calculation is according to UNxCalculating the obtained total line voltage;
s3.2, constructing a linear function to obtain the difference voltage delta U at the position of the line x with the M end as a starting pointMxAnd the difference voltage of the line x with the N end as the starting point is delta UNx，ΔUMx、ΔUNxTogether forming a difference voltage distribution;
Figure BDA0002456420060000033
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002456420060000034
further, in step S4, the final fault location section (x ') is obtained according to the following formula'1,x′2)；
Figure BDA0002456420060000035
Wherein, KMThe slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve calculated by taking the M end as a starting point, KNThe slope of the positive voltage distribution curve, delta K, calculated with the N terminal as the starting pointMIs the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the M end as the starting point, delta KNThe slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the N end as the starting point is shown.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power distribution network fault location system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, including:
the detection module is used for detecting the power distribution network in real time and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at the moment of a fault;
the positive sequence voltage distribution curve building module is used for building a positive sequence voltage distribution curve along a line by taking two ends of a fault line as starting points and determining an initial fault positioning interval;
the differential voltage distribution curve building module is used for respectively building differential voltage distribution taking two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line;
and the fault section positioning module is used for determining a final fault positioning section according to the slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning section and the slope of the difference voltage distribution curve.
Further, the execution process of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve building module specifically includes:
taking the end M as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UMx＝UM-(IM-UM·Yx)Zx；
taking the N end as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UNx＝UN-[IN-UN·Y(l-x)]Z(l-x)；
wherein M, N is the end points at two ends of the fault line, UM、UNM, N points positive sequence voltage respectively; i isM、INM, N points of positive sequence current respectively; z is the unit impedance of the fault line and Y is the unit of the fault lineAdmittance, l being the length of the faulty line, UMxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the end M as a starting point; u shapeNxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the N end as a starting point;
from | UMx|＝|UNxI solving fault point xfAnd fault voltage ufAnd according to uset＝ufCalculating the + delta u to obtain a voltage threshold value uset(ii) a Wherein, the delta u is a voltage error of the secondary side of the voltage transformer under different precision grades;
by
Figure BDA0002456420060000041
Determining initial fault location interval (x)1,x2)。
Further, the execution process of the difference voltage distribution curve building module specifically includes:
calculating the difference voltage of the end points at the two ends of the line:
Figure BDA0002456420060000051
wherein, UM(0)、UN(l)Respectively measuring voltages of end points at two ends of a fault line; u shapeM(l)、UN(0)Are respectively according to UMxThe total line length voltage obtained by calculation is according to UNxCalculating the obtained total line voltage;
s3.2, constructing a linear function to obtain the difference voltage delta U at the position of the line x with the M end as a starting pointMxAnd the difference voltage of the line x with the N end as the starting point is delta UNx，ΔUMx、ΔUNxTogether forming a difference voltage distribution;
Figure BDA0002456420060000052
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002456420060000053
further, the fault section positioning module determines a final fault positioning section (x ') according to the following formula'1,x′2)；
Figure BDA0002456420060000054
Wherein, KMThe slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve calculated by taking the M end as a starting point, KNThe slope of the positive voltage distribution curve, delta K, calculated with the N terminal as the starting pointMIs the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the M end as the starting point, delta KNThe slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the N end as the starting point is shown.
In general, the above technical solutions contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art.
Compared with the traditional method for determining the fault position by using the line voltage, the method effectively utilizes the double-end positive sequence voltage, so that the line voltage distribution curve after difference processing has obvious characteristics, and is more favorable for reducing the positioning error range and identifying the fault position under the working condition that the short line voltage curve of the power distribution network is relatively flat. The problem of when distribution network short length line trouble because the lower range finding result of voltage curve steepness has great error is overcome, reliability and the rate of accuracy that double-terminal volume fault location has effectively been promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fault location method based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fault locating positive sequence network equivalent circuit to which the method of the present invention is applicable;
fig. 3 is a positive sequence voltage distribution diagram along the line of the double-ended line when a fault occurs according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a line voltage distribution obtained by performing difference calculation on positive sequence voltages along the line of the two-terminal line when a fault occurs according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a positioning interval obtained by calculating a difference voltage and a conventional voltage when a transformer voltage error Δ u is kept unchanged according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, a fault location method based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s1, detecting a power distribution network in real time, and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at a fault moment;
specifically, according to the distribution rule of line impedance and ground admittance of the pi-type equivalent model, it can be known that the line parameter distribution before and after a fault point is related to the fault distance, and the positive sequence network equivalent circuit at the fault moment is shown in fig. 2; wherein, for a fault line with the line length of l and the fault distance of x, positive sequence voltage U at two ends (defined as M, N) of the fault line at the moment of fault is respectively extractedM、UNPositive sequence current IM、INThe unit impedance is known as Z and the unit admittance is known as Y.
S2, respectively taking two ends of a fault line as starting points, constructing a positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, and determining an initial fault positioning interval;
specifically, step S2 includes:
combining the voltage and current relationship under the working condition shown in FIG. 2, considering the influence of the line parameters, deriving a positive sequence voltage distribution expression of the line, and calculating the equation into U by taking the M end as the starting end and the voltage along the lineMx＝UM-(IM-UMYx) Zx, the equation for estimating the voltage along the line with the N terminal as the starting terminal is UNx＝UN-[IN-UN·Y(l-x)]Z (l-x) when the double ended line is along the positive sequence voltage curve as shown in fig. 3.
From | UMx|＝|UNxI calculate failure point xfAnd fault voltage uf. Considering that voltage errors Δ u exist on the secondary sides of the voltage transformers at different precision levels (in practical application, Δ u is a known quantity and is related to the precision levels of the voltage transformers), a voltage threshold value is defined as follows:
uset＝uf+Δu
will usetSubstituting into double terminal voltage distribution UMx,UNxFrom
Figure BDA0002456420060000071
Determining initial fault location interval (x)1,x2) As shown in fig. 3;
the following rules exist by combining the voltage distribution curves along the line and setting the positive direction from the M side to the fault point:
left (near M) of the failure point: starting from M end to calculate to the left boundary x of the fault section1With real voltage UM(x1)＝usetSlope of voltage distribution
Figure BDA0002456420060000072
Starting from N end to calculate to the left boundary x of fault section1With a virtual voltage UN(x1)＝u1Slope of voltage distribution
Figure BDA0002456420060000073
② the right side (near N) of the fault point exists: calculating to the right boundary x of the fault section from the N end2With real voltage UN(x2)＝usetSlope of voltage distribution
Figure BDA0002456420060000074
Starting from M end to calculate right boundary x of fault section2With a virtual voltage UM(x2)＝u2Slope of voltage distribution
Figure BDA0002456420060000075
S3, respectively constructing differential voltage distribution with the two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line;
specifically, the distribution line is short in length and low in voltage grade, the positive sequence voltage distribution rule can be approximate to a straight line, and the measured voltage U at the two ends of the fault line is extractedM(0),UN(l)And calculating the voltage U of the whole length of the lineM(l),UN(0)The positive sequence voltage distribution of step S2 can be rewritten as a linear function as follows:
Figure BDA0002456420060000081
to construct a differential voltage distribution curve, the differential voltage of two ends of a line is firstly obtained:
Figure BDA0002456420060000082
the differential voltage profile is represented by the differential:
Figure BDA0002456420060000083
wherein, the head-end point of the difference voltage with the M end as the starting point is delta UM(0),ΔUM(l)The slope of the differential voltage profile is defined as Δ KM(ii) a The head and tail end points of the differential voltage with the N end as the starting point are delta UN(0),ΔUN(l)The slope of the voltage profile is defined as Δ KN(ii) a The voltage distribution formed under this law is called a differential voltage distribution curve, as shown in fig. 4, from which the following law can be seen:
left (near M) of the failure point: line x1At a difference voltage of
Figure BDA0002456420060000088
Figure BDA0002456420060000084
The slope of the differential voltage curve is
Figure BDA0002456420060000085
② the right side (near N) of the fault point exists: line x2Has a difference voltage of DeltaUN(x2)＝UN(x2)-UM(x2)＝uset-u2The slope of the differential voltage curve is
Figure BDA0002456420060000086
Figure BDA0002456420060000087
It can be seen that the differential voltage profile is approximately composed of two straight lines with more significant slopes starting from the M, N sides, compared to the conventional two-terminal voltage profile in step S2.
And S4, determining a final fault positioning result according to the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning interval and the differential voltage distribution slope.
Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 5, the secondary side error Δ U of the voltage transformer is distributed in the difference voltage Δ UMx,ΔUNxCorresponding to shorter positioning interval (x'1,x′2). The following relationship exists for Δ u:
Figure BDA0002456420060000091
further, x 'can be derived'1,x′2Expression:
Figure BDA0002456420060000092
(x′1,x′2) Compared to the initial positioning interval (x)1,x2) Is effectively reduced and indirectly improvedAnd (5) positioning accuracy.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A fault positioning method based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting a power distribution network in real time, and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at a fault moment;
s2, respectively taking two ends of a fault line as starting points, constructing a positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, and determining an initial fault positioning interval; step S2 specifically includes:
s2.1, taking the M end as a starting point, and obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UMx＝UM-(IM-UM·Yx)Zx；
s2.2, with the N end as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UNx＝UN-[IN-UN·Y(l-x)]Z(l-x)；
wherein M, N is the end points at two ends of the fault line, UM、UNM, N points positive sequence voltage respectively; i isM、INM, N points of positive sequence current respectively; z is the unit impedance of the fault line, Y is the unit admittance of the fault line, l is the length of the fault line, UMxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the end M as a starting point; u shapeNxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the N end as a starting point;
s2.3. composed of | UMx|＝|UNxI solving fault point xfAnd fault voltage ufAnd according to uset＝ufCalculating the + delta u to obtain a voltage threshold value uset(ii) a Wherein, the delta u is the voltage of the secondary side of the voltage transformer under different precision gradesAn error;
s2.4. consisting of
Figure FDA0003081787010000011
Determining initial fault location interval (x)1，x2)；
S3, respectively constructing differential voltage distribution with the two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line;
s4, obtaining a final fault positioning interval according to the slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning interval and the slope of the difference voltage distribution curve; in step S4, a final fault location section (x ') is obtained according to the following formula'1，x′2)；
Figure FDA0003081787010000021
Wherein, KMThe slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve calculated by taking the M end as a starting point, KNThe slope of the positive voltage distribution curve, delta K, calculated with the N terminal as the starting pointMIs the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the M end as the starting point, delta KNThe slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the N end as the starting point is shown.
2. The method for fault location based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics according to claim 1, wherein step S3 specifically includes:
s3.1, calculating the difference voltage of end points at two ends of the line:
Figure FDA0003081787010000022
wherein, UM(0)、UN(l)Respectively measuring voltages of end points at two ends of a fault line; u shapeM(l)、UN(0)Are respectively according to UMxThe total line length voltage obtained by calculation is according to UNxCalculating the obtained total line voltage;
s3.2, constructing a linear function to obtain the difference voltage delta U at the position of the line x with the M end as a starting pointMxAnd the difference voltage of the line x with the N end as the starting point is delta UNx，ΔUMx、ΔUNxTogether forming a difference voltage distribution;
Figure FDA0003081787010000023
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003081787010000024
3. a distribution network fault location system based on positive sequence voltage distribution characteristics, comprising:
the detection module is used for detecting the power distribution network in real time and extracting positive sequence voltage, positive sequence current, line impedance and admittance parameters at two ends of a line at the moment of a fault;
the positive sequence voltage distribution curve building module is used for building a positive sequence voltage distribution curve along a line by taking two ends of a fault line as starting points and determining an initial fault positioning interval; the execution process of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve building module specifically comprises the following steps:
taking the end M as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UMx＝UM-(IM-UM·Yx)Zx；
taking the N end as a starting point, obtaining the positive sequence voltage distribution of any point x in the fault line as follows:
UNx＝UN-[IN-UN·Y(l-x)]Z(l-x)；
wherein M, N is the end points at two ends of the fault line, UM、UNM, N points positive sequence voltage respectively; i isM、INM, N points of positive sequence current respectively; z is the unit impedance of the fault line, Y is the unit admittance of the fault line, l is the length of the fault line, UMxRepresents that M terminal isCalculating the positive sequence voltage of the line x at the starting point; u shapeNxThe positive sequence voltage of the line x is obtained by calculation with the N end as a starting point;
from | UMx|＝|UNxI solving fault point xfAnd fault voltage ufAnd according to uset＝ufCalculating the + delta u to obtain a voltage threshold value uset(ii) a Wherein, the delta u is a voltage error of the secondary side of the voltage transformer under different precision grades;
by
Figure FDA0003081787010000031
Determining initial fault location interval (x)1，x2)；
The differential voltage distribution curve building module is used for respectively building differential voltage distribution taking two ends of the fault line as starting points by utilizing the positive sequence voltage distribution along the line;
the fault section positioning module is used for determining a final fault positioning section according to the slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve along the line, the initial fault positioning section and the slope of the difference voltage distribution curve; the fault section positioning module determines a final fault positioning section (x ') according to the following formula'1，x′2)；
Figure FDA0003081787010000032
Wherein, KMThe slope of the positive sequence voltage distribution curve calculated by taking the M end as a starting point, KNThe slope of the positive voltage distribution curve, delta K, calculated with the N terminal as the starting pointMIs the slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the M end as the starting point, delta KNThe slope of the differential voltage distribution curve with the N end as the starting point is shown.
4. The system for locating the fault of the power distribution network based on the positive sequence voltage distribution characteristic according to claim 3, wherein the execution process of the differential voltage distribution curve building module specifically comprises:
calculating the difference voltage of the end points at the two ends of the line:
Figure FDA0003081787010000041
wherein, UM(0)、UN(l)Respectively measuring voltages of end points at two ends of a fault line; u shapeM(l)、UN(0)Are respectively according to UMxThe total line length voltage obtained by calculation is according to UNxCalculating the obtained total line voltage;
constructing a linear function to obtain a difference voltage delta U at the line x with the M end as a starting pointMxAnd the difference voltage of the line x with the N end as the starting point is delta UNx，ΔUMx、ΔUNxTogether forming a difference voltage distribution;
Figure FDA0003081787010000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003081787010000043
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