CN111426575A - High-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method - Google Patents
High-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111426575A CN111426575A CN202010369433.XA CN202010369433A CN111426575A CN 111426575 A CN111426575 A CN 111426575A CN 202010369433 A CN202010369433 A CN 202010369433A CN 111426575 A CN111426575 A CN 111426575A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
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- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, in particular to a high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method. The high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device comprises a heating box, a loading bin, a clamp holder, a cooling assembly, a pressure head assembly, a hydraulic lifting rod, a first large main stress actuator, a second large main stress actuator, a first middle main stress actuator and a second middle main stress actuator. This real triaxial test device of high temperature high stress has realized the rock mechanics test of real triaxial test equipment under the high temperature condition, through set up the heating cabinet in the holder, can simulate the rock test piece at the true condition of high temperature, can make the rock test piece be heated evenly, and the holder can reciprocate in the relative loading storehouse, make the test piece bear put the through-hole and present the rock test piece of being convenient for in the horizontal direction and put into the heating cabinet, through setting up cooling module, can reduce the operating temperature of actuator, loading precision has been improved, and then the authenticity and the accuracy of test data have been improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, in particular to a high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method.
Background
Due to huge global geothermal energy reserves, the system has extremely high utilization value and development space, wherein the energy reserve of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is the most and accounts for about 90 percent of the total amount. The temperature of the rock mass in the deep part of the earth surface generally increases along with the increase of the burial depth, under the normal condition, the temperature rises by 3-6 ℃ every 100m of the increase of the burial depth, the temperature of the rock formation below 2000m from the earth surface is generally higher than 60 ℃, the temperature of the rock formation below 4000m from the earth surface generally reaches more than 200 ℃, and the rock formation with the high temperature of more than 150 ℃ has high development and utilization values.
Aiming at the problem that the rock mass in the geothermal energy development area needs to bear extremely high ground stress and temperature due to large burial depth, common test equipment cannot enable a rock test piece to be in a relatively real high-temperature and high-pressure test state, and further cannot scientifically and accurately research the rock mass in the geothermal energy development area, so that the development of related test equipment has certain importance.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and the method, which can simulate the real conditions of the rock test piece at high temperature (above 200 ℃), and improve the authenticity and the accuracy of test data.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
the invention provides a high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device which comprises a heating box, a loading bin, a clamp holder, a cooling assembly, a pressure head assembly, a hydraulic lifting rod, a first large main stress actuator, a second large main stress actuator, a first middle main stress actuator and a second middle main stress actuator; the loading bin is provided with a vertically through cylindrical through hole, the axial direction of the cylindrical through hole is vertical to the axial direction of the loading bin, the clamp holder is sleeved in the cylindrical through hole and is in sealing fit with the cylindrical through hole, and the hydraulic lifting rod can drive the clamp holder to move up and down relative to the loading bin; the center of the clamp holder is provided with a test piece bearing through hole, the clamp holder is provided with a first opening and a second opening which are communicated with the test piece bearing through hole along the axial direction of the clamp holder, and is provided with a third opening and a fourth opening which are communicated with the test piece bearing through hole along the radial direction of the clamp holder, the loading bin is provided with a fifth opening and a sixth opening which are respectively communicated with the third opening and the fourth opening, and the first opening, the second opening, the fifth opening and the sixth opening are stress loading channels; the heating box is arranged in the test piece bearing through hole, the heating box is of a cuboid structure and is used for accommodating a rock test piece to be tested, pressure head assemblies are arranged in the first opening, the second opening, the third opening and the fourth opening, and one end of each pressure head assembly extends into the heating box and is connected with the rock test piece; the first main stress actuator and the second main stress actuator are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the holder and respectively extend into the first opening and the second opening, and the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the loading bin and respectively extend into the fifth opening and the sixth opening; the cooling assemblies are respectively arranged in the first opening, the second opening, the fifth opening and the sixth opening and are used for reducing the working temperature of the first large main stress actuator, the second large main stress actuator, the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator.
Preferably, symmetrically arranged heating plates are included in the heating box; the heating box is provided with a first through hole, a second through hole, a third through hole and a fourth through hole which are respectively communicated with the first opening, the second opening, the third opening and the fourth opening; one end of the pressure head assembly extends into the heating box through the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole respectively to be connected with the rock test piece. Preferably, the pressure head assembly comprises a rigid pressure head, a heat insulation pad and a rigid pressing block which are connected in sequence, and the rigid pressure head extends into the heating box and is connected with the rock test piece.
Preferably, the first large main stress actuator, the second large main stress actuator, the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator have the same structure and respectively comprise a sealing cover, an annular end cover, a counter-force cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a sealing flange plate, a force measuring sensor and a stress loading injection pump; the counter-force cylinder barrels of the first large main stress actuator and the second large main stress actuator are connected to two end faces of the holder, and the counter-force cylinder barrels of the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator are connected to two end faces of the loading bin; the annular end cover is connected with the outer end face of the counter-force cylinder barrel, the sealing cover is connected with the middle part of the annular end cover, and the counter-force cylinder barrel is in sealing fit with the stress loading channel through the sealing flange plate; one end of a piston rod is positioned in the counter-force cylinder barrel, the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the sealing flange and extends into the stress loading channel to be connected with the force measuring sensor, a piston is positioned in the counter-force cylinder barrel and sleeved on the piston rod, and the piston is in sealing sliding fit with the counter-force cylinder barrel; a stress loading oil cavity is formed between the annular end cover and the piston, a stress loading oil supply hole is formed in the annular end cover and communicated with the stress loading oil cavity, a stress unloading oil supply hole is formed in the counter-force cylinder barrel, a stress unloading oil cavity is formed between the piston and the sealing flange plate and communicated with the stress unloading oil cavity, and the stress loading oil supply hole and the stress unloading oil supply hole are communicated with an injection pump for stress loading; and the loading bin is provided with a confining pressure loading oil supply hole which is communicated with the injection pump for confining pressure loading.
Preferably, the cooling assembly comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a plurality of annular cooling pipes; the water inlet of the annular cooling pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe, the water outlet of the annular cooling pipe is connected with the water outlet pipe, and the annular cooling pipe surrounds the outer side of the force measuring sensor; the sealing flange is provided with a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected with the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel.
Preferably, a self-balancing cavity is formed between the annular end cover and the end part of the piston rod; the inside of the piston rod is provided with a high-pressure communicating pipeline, and the stress loading channel is communicated with the self-balancing cavity through the high-pressure communicating pipeline.
Preferably, the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device further comprises four mutually buckled pressure pads; the mutually buckled pressure pads are respectively placed on four end parts of the rock test piece, one end of each mutually buckled pressure pad is aligned with the rock test piece, and the mutually buckled pressure pads are connected end to form a mutually buckled type.
Preferably, the hydraulic lifting rod is located the loading storehouse, and the outside of holder is equipped with the stopper, and the hydraulic lifting rod is connected with the stopper.
Preferably, the cabinet of the heating box is formed of a steel plate filled with an insulating material in the middle layer.
The invention also provides a high-temperature true triaxial test method, which adopts the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a rock test piece;
step two: tightly connecting the rock test piece with the mutually buckled pressing pads;
thirdly, respectively mounting miniature L VDT displacement sensors for body variation measurement in three directions on the surface of the hermetically connected rock test piece and the mutually buckled pressure pads;
step four: starting the hydraulic lifting rod to drive the clamp holder to move upwards, so that the test piece bearing through hole in the middle of the clamp holder is lifted to the upper part of the loading bin;
installing the sealed rock test piece provided with the miniature L VDT displacement sensor for measuring the body variation into a heating box in a holder;
step six: controlling the hydraulic lifting rod to descend until the clamp completely returns to the cylindrical through hole of the loading bin;
step seven: performing displacement control on the first large main stress actuator, the second large main stress actuator, the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator to finish accurate centering and clamping of the sealed rock test piece;
step eight, adjusting the position of the miniature L VDT displacement sensor for measuring the body variation and the elongation of the contact pin to ensure that the miniature L VDT displacement sensor for measuring the body variation is in the range of the experimental measuring range;
step nine: filling hydraulic oil into the loading bin;
step ten: starting a heating plate in the heating box to heat the temperature of the hydraulic oil to a target value;
step eleven: starting the cooling assembly to reduce the temperature of the force sensor;
step twelve: starting stress loading injection pumps of a first large main stress actuator, a second large main stress actuator, a first middle main stress actuator and a second middle main stress actuator, and simultaneously starting a confining pressure loading injection pump to perform stepped true triaxial loading on a rock test piece;
step thirteen: and under each step grade load, recording and observing the deformation condition of the rock test piece.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device provided by the invention realizes the rock mechanics test of true triaxial test equipment under a high-temperature condition, the heating box is arranged in the clamp holder, the true condition of a rock test piece at a high temperature (above 200 ℃) can be simulated, the rock test piece can be uniformly heated, the thermal stress concentration phenomenon of the test piece can be effectively avoided, the clamp holder can move up and down relative to the loading bin, the test piece bearing through hole is horizontally displayed, the rock test piece can be conveniently placed in the heating box, and the working temperatures of the first large main stress actuator, the second large main stress actuator, the first middle main stress actuator and the second middle main stress actuator can be reduced by arranging the cooling assemblies in the first opening, the second opening, the fifth opening and the sixth opening, so that the loading precision is improved, and the authenticity and the accuracy of test data are further improved.
The high-temperature true triaxial test method can stably load for a long time under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and improves the authenticity and the accuracy of test data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a high temperature and high stress true triaxial test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the high temperature and high stress true triaxial test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the sample receiving through hole of FIG. 2 in a removed state;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the high temperature and high stress true triaxial test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of the gripper and loading bin of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rock specimen mounted with a miniature L VDT displacement sensor for body deformation measurement;
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of the heating cabinet of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top cross-sectional view of a holder and loading bay of the present invention
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the cooling module and sealing flange configuration.
[ description of reference ]
1: a clamp, 101: a first opening, 102: a second opening, 103: a third opening, 104: a fourth opening, 105: a limiting block, 2: a loading bin, 201: a fifth opening, 202: a sixth opening, 3: a heating box, 301: a heating plate, 302: a first through hole, 303: a second through hole, 304: a third through hole, 305: a fourth through hole, 4: a first large main stress actuator, 5: a second large main stress actuator, 6: a first medium main stress actuator, 7: a second medium main stress actuator, 701: a sealing cover, 702: an annular end cover, 7021: a stress-loading oil-supply hole, 7031: a reaction-stress-unloading oil-supply hole, 704: a piston, 705: a piston rod, 7051: a high-pressure communication pipe, 70706: a sealing flange, 7061: a water inlet passage, 7062: a water outlet passage, a test piece: a force transducer, 707: a hydraulic lifting rod, 9: a rock mass, 1001: a rigid pressure head, 1002: a thermal insulation pad 703, 11: a pressing block, 11: a sealing flange, 7061: a water inlet passage, 7062: a water outlet passage, a test piece: a pressure transducer, a pressure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "horizontal", etc. are used with reference to the orientation of figure 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a high temperature and high stress true triaxial test apparatus, which comprises a heating box 3, a loading bin 2, a clamper 1, a cooling assembly, a ram assembly, a hydraulic lifting rod 8, a first large main stress actuator 4, a second large main stress actuator 5, a first middle main stress actuator 6 and a second middle main stress actuator 7.
Wherein, loading storehouse 2 is the cuboid structure, and loading storehouse 2 level is transversely installed on rigid support frame 16, is provided with the vertical cylindrical through-hole that link up along loading storehouse 2 radially (being the upper and lower direction in figure 1 promptly), and holder 1 is the cylinder structure that matches with cylindrical through-hole, and holder 1 cover is established in cylindrical through-hole and with the sealed cooperation of cylindrical through-hole, in order to improve the leakproofness between the cylindrical through-hole on holder 1 and loading storehouse 2, the cover is equipped with the sealing washer on holder 1. As shown in fig. 2-4, the hydraulic lifting rods 8 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the holder 1 and located in the loading bin 2, the upper part of the outer side of the holder 1 is provided with a limit block 105, and the hydraulic lifting rods 8 are connected with the limit block 105 on the holder 1 and can drive the holder 1 to move up and down relative to the loading bin 2.
As shown in fig. 5, a test piece receiving through hole for receiving the heating box 3 is formed in the center of the holder 1, when the hydraulic lifting rod 8 is started, the holder 1 can be lifted to expose the test piece to the top of the loading bin 2, the holder 1 is provided with a first opening 101 and a second opening 102 along the axial direction thereof, the first opening 101 and the second opening 102 communicating with the test piece receiving through hole (the first opening 101 and the second opening 102 are respectively located on both sides of the test piece receiving through hole), and a third opening 103 and a fourth opening 104 along the radial direction thereof, the third opening 103 and the fourth opening 104 communicating with the test piece receiving through hole (the third opening 103 and the fourth opening 104 are respectively located on both sides of the test piece receiving through hole). A fifth opening 201 communicated with the third opening 103 and a sixth opening 202 communicated with the fourth opening 104 are arranged in the loading bin 2, wherein the first opening 101, the second opening 102, the fifth opening 201 and the sixth opening 202 are stress loading passages.
As shown in fig. 6-8, the heating box 3 is a cuboid structure (the cuboid includes a cube) for accommodating a rock test piece 9 to be tested, the heating box 3 includes symmetrically arranged heating plates 301 therein, the heating box 3 is provided with a first through hole 302, a second through hole 303, a third through hole 304 and a fourth through hole 305, the first through hole 302 is communicated with the first opening 101, the second through hole 303 is communicated with the second opening 102, the third through hole 304 is communicated with the third opening 103, and the fourth through hole 305 is communicated with the fourth opening 104.
In the practical application process, in order to reduce the energy consumption in the heating process and the experimental process, a certain heat preservation and insulation technology needs to be adopted for the heating box 3. In this embodiment, the heating box 3 provides a location for arranging the heating plate 301 on the basis of ensuring that the rock sample has sufficient space, and the heating box 3 itself has certain structural strength.
Wherein, the box of heating cabinet 3 is for adopting BT300 type high temperature high pressure heat insulating board material and set up the combined material of thin iron plate in the both sides of heat insulating board, and this combined material can make heating cabinet 3 have certain intensity when guaranteeing heat insulation effect to the temperature heating control speed of hot plate 301 is 3 ℃/h, and the temperature fluctuation range is for being less than or equal to 1 ℃.
It should be noted that the heating box 3 is not completely sealed, and there is a gap through which the hydraulic oil permeates from the interior of the loading bin 2 into the heating box 3, so that the heating box 3 is filled with the hydraulic oil. Wherein the hydraulic oil provides on the one hand a flexible loading stress and on the other hand is able to transfer the heat of the heating plate 301 to the rock sample.
In this embodiment, a pressure head assembly is arranged in each of the first opening 101, the second opening 102, the third opening 103 and the fourth opening 104, each pressure head assembly comprises a rigid pressure head 1001, a heat insulation pad 1002 and a rigid pressure block 1003 which are connected in sequence, the rigid pressure head 1001 of each pressure head assembly is tightly connected with the heat insulation pad 1002 to transfer loading stress, and the rigid pressure head 1001 of each pressure head assembly extends into the heating box 3 through the first through hole 302, the second through hole 303, the third through hole 304 and the fourth through hole 305 to be connected with the rock test piece 9. Wherein, the heat insulation pad 1002 is a BT300 type high-temperature high-pressure heat insulation material, which further ensures the heat insulation effect of the heating box 3.
The first large main stress actuator 4 and the second large main stress actuator 5 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the holder 1 in the axial direction (namely, the vertical direction) respectively and extend into the first opening 101 and the second opening 102 of the holder 1 respectively, and the loading stress is transferred and acted on the rock test piece 9 through the pressure head assembly. The first middle main stress actuator 6 and the second middle main stress actuator 7 are respectively symmetrically arranged at two ends of the loading bin 2 in the axial direction (namely the horizontal direction) and respectively extend into the fifth opening 201 and the sixth opening 202 of the loading bin 2, and the loading stress is transmitted to and applied to the rock test piece 9 through the pressure head assembly.
Of course, cooling assemblies are arranged in the first opening 101, the second opening 102, the fifth opening 201 and the sixth opening 202, and are used for reducing the working temperatures of the first large main stress actuator 4, the second large main stress actuator 5, the first middle main stress actuator 6 and the second middle main stress actuator 7, so that the control precision of the actuators is improved.
The high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device of the embodiment realizes the rock mechanical test of true triaxial test equipment under a high-temperature condition, the heating box 3 is arranged in the clamp holder 1, the true condition of the rock test piece 9 at a high temperature (above 200 ℃) can be simulated, the rock test piece 9 can be uniformly heated, the thermal stress concentration phenomenon of a sample can be effectively avoided, the clamp holder 1 can move up and down relative to the loading bin 2, the horizontal direction of the test piece bearing through hole is presented, the heating box 3 can be conveniently opened in the horizontal direction to place the rock test piece 9, and the working temperatures of the first large main stress actuator 4, the second large main stress actuator 5, the first medium main stress actuator 6 and the second medium main stress actuator 7 can be reduced by arranging the cooling components in the first opening 101, the second opening 102, the fifth opening 201 and the sixth opening 202, so that the loading precision of the high-temperature true triaxial test equipment is improved, and further, the authenticity and the accuracy of the test data are improved.
As shown in fig. 9, the first large principal stress actuator 4, the second large principal stress actuator 5, the first middle principal stress actuator 6, and the second middle principal stress actuator 7 have the same structure, and each of them includes a cover 701, an annular end cover 702, a reaction cylinder 703, a piston 704, a piston rod 705, a sealing flange 706, a load cell 707, and a stress-loading syringe pump. The reaction cylinder barrels 703 of the first and second high principal stress actuators 4 and 5 are connected to both end faces of the clamper 1, and the reaction cylinder barrels 703 of the first and second medium principal stress actuators 6 and 7 are connected to both end faces of the loading chamber 2.
The annular end cover 702 is connected with the outer end face of the reaction cylinder 703, the seal cover 701 is connected with the middle of the annular end cover 702, the seal cover 701 is provided with an L VDT displacement sensor 17 for monitoring the displacement of the piston 704 and the piston rod 705, the reaction cylinder 703 is in sealing fit with the stress loading channel through a sealing flange 706, one end of the piston rod 705 is located in the reaction cylinder 703, the other end of the piston rod 705 passes through the sealing flange and extends into the stress loading channel to be connected with a force measuring sensor 707, the piston 704 is located in the reaction cylinder 703 and is sleeved on the piston rod 705, the piston 704 is in sealing sliding fit with the reaction cylinder 703, a stress loading oil cavity 11 is formed between the annular end cover 702 and the piston 704, the annular end cover 702 is provided with a stress loading oil supply hole 7021, the stress loading oil supply hole 7021 is communicated with the stress loading oil cavity 11, the cylinder 703 is provided with a stress unloading oil hole 7031, a stress unloading oil supply hole 7031 for stress loading is formed between the piston 704 and the sealing flange 706, the stress unloading oil supply hole 7021 for stress loading oil supply hole for stress loading, the stress loading oil supply hole for stress loading is communicated with an injection pump, a rock loading surrounding pressure loading stress loading hole for the test piece 2, and a surrounding pressure loading stress loading hole for the test piece loading pump (not shown in the test piece 2) are.
It should be noted that the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device in the present embodiment is loaded by composite stress. During high-temperature test, rigid loading stress is applied to the rock test piece 9 in the directions of the first large main stress actuator 4, the second large main stress actuator 5, the first middle main stress actuator 6 and the second middle main stress actuator 7, and flexible loading stress is applied to the rock test piece 9 on the horizontal plane of the test piece bearing through hole and in the direction perpendicular to the first middle main stress actuator 6 and the second middle main stress actuator 7.
As shown in fig. 10, the cooling assembly includes a water inlet pipe 1301, a water outlet pipe 1302, and a plurality of annular cooling pipes 1303 coaxially disposed at equal intervals, wherein an opening is formed on the annular cooling pipe 1303, and a water inlet and a water outlet are formed on two sides of the opening. The annular cooling pipe 1303 surrounds the outer side of the force measuring sensor, the water inlet of the annular cooling pipe 1303 is connected with the water inlet pipe 1301, the water outlet of the annular cooling pipe 1303 is connected with the water outlet pipe 1302, the sealing flange plate 706 is provided with a water inlet channel 7061 and a water outlet channel 7062, and the water inlet pipe 1301 and the water outlet pipe 1302 of the cooling assembly are respectively communicated with the water inlet channel 7061 and the water outlet channel 7062. The coolant inlet hole on the water inlet channel 7061 and the coolant outlet hole on the water outlet channel 7062 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the sealing flange 706, and the coolant outlet hole on the water inlet channel 7061 and the coolant inlet hole on the water outlet channel 7062 are arranged in the axial direction of the sealing flange 706. Wherein, the water inlet channel 7061 and the water outlet channel 7062 on the sealing flange 706 are connected to a low-temperature tank circulator outside the loading bin 2 by pipelines to reduce the temperature of the cooling liquid.
In this embodiment, because the sealing flange 706 directly contacts with the cylinder and the loading bin 2, after the heat of the loading bin 2 is conducted to the piston rod 705 and the sealing flange 706, the high temperature conducted by the loading bin 2 is taken away by the water inlet channel 7061 and the water outlet channel 7062 in the sealing flange 706, so that the normal working temperature of the main stress actuator is ensured, the loading precision of true triaxial is improved, and further the authenticity and accuracy of test data are improved.
As shown in fig. 9, a self-balancing chamber 14 is formed between the annular end cap 702 and the end of the piston rod 705, a high-pressure communication pipe 7051 is provided inside the piston rod 705, and the stress loading passage is communicated with the self-balancing chamber 14 through the high-pressure communication pipe 7051. In the practical application process, the confining pressure provides a flexible loading stress, exists in the loading bin 2 and acts on the piston rod 705, and can offset part of the rigid loading stress, so that the control precision of the rigid loading stress is influenced. And by arranging the high-pressure communication pipeline 7051, the confining pressure from the communication pipeline can provide equal and large counter acting force in the self-balancing cavity 14, so that the influence of the confining pressure on the end part of the piston rod 705 is balanced, and the control precision of the rigid loading stress is further improved.
In the practical application process, the four ends (namely the rigid loading stress direction) of the rock test piece 9 are respectively provided with the mutually buckled pressure pads 18, one end of each mutually buckled pressure pad 18 is aligned with the rock test piece 9, the mutually buckled pressure pads 18 are connected end to form a mutually buckled type, the corner parts of the rigid stress loading direction of the rock test piece 9 are also tightly attached to the corresponding surfaces of the mutually buckled pressure pads 18, and meanwhile, the stress loading direction and the normal direction of the stress loading surface can move in the rigid stress applying process, so that the whole surface of the rock test piece is tightly attached to the surface of the mutually buckled pressure pads in the whole stress applying process; meanwhile, the surface of the rock sample 9 is coated with an anti-friction agent, so that the friction effect with the mutually buckled pressure pad 8 is reduced, and meanwhile, the outer part of the mutually buckled pressure pad 8 is also coated with the anti-friction agent, so that the friction effect with the rigid pressure head 1001 is reduced.
Miniature L VDT displacement sensors 15 for measuring body variation in three directions are respectively arranged on the surface of the sealed rock test piece 9 and the mutually buckled pressure pad 18 and used for monitoring strain information on the rock test piece 9 to obtain related data.
The invention also provides a high-temperature true triaxial test method, which adopts the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a rock test piece 9;
step two: tightly connecting the sealed rock test piece 9 with the mutually buckled pressure pad 18;
thirdly, respectively installing miniature L VDT displacement sensors 15 for measuring body variation in three directions on the surface of the hermetically connected rock test piece 9 and the mutually buckled pressure pad 18;
step four: starting the hydraulic lifting rod 8 to drive the clamp holder 1 to move upwards, so that the test piece bearing through hole in the middle of the clamp holder 1 is lifted to be above the loading bin 2;
installing the sealed rock test piece 9 provided with the miniature L VDT displacement sensor 15 for measuring the body deformation into the heating box 3 in the clamp 1;
step six: the hydraulic lifting rod 8 is controlled to descend until the clamper 1 completely returns to the cylindrical through hole of the loading bin 2;
step seven: displacement control is carried out on the first large main stress actuator 4, the second large main stress actuator 5, the first middle main stress actuator 6 and the second middle main stress actuator 7, and accurate centering and clamping of the sealed rock test piece 9 are completed;
step eight, adjusting the position of the miniature L VDT displacement sensor 15 for measuring the body variation and the elongation of the contact pin to ensure that the miniature L VDT displacement sensor 15 for measuring the body variation is in the range of the experimental measuring range;
step nine: hydraulic oil is filled into the loading bin 2;
step ten: starting a heating plate 301 in the heating box 3 to heat the hydraulic oil to a target value;
step eleven: starting the cooling assembly to reduce the temperature of the load cell 707;
step twelve: starting stress loading injection pumps of a first large main stress actuator 4, a second large main stress actuator 5, a first middle main stress actuator 6 and a second middle main stress actuator 7, and simultaneously starting a confining pressure loading injection pump to perform stepped true triaxial loading on a rock test piece 9;
step thirteen: at each step level load, the deformation of the rock specimen 9 was recorded and observed.
The high-temperature true triaxial test method can be used for stably loading for a long time under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the authenticity and the accuracy of test data are improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device is characterized by comprising a heating box (3), a loading bin (2), a clamp holder (1), a cooling assembly, a pressure head assembly, a hydraulic lifting rod, a first large main stress actuator (4), a second large main stress actuator (5), a first middle main stress actuator (6) and a second middle main stress actuator (7);
the loading bin (2) is provided with a vertically through cylindrical through hole, the axial direction of the cylindrical through hole is perpendicular to the axial direction of the loading bin, the clamp holder (1) is sleeved in the cylindrical through hole and is in sealing fit with the cylindrical through hole, and the hydraulic lifting rod (8) can drive the clamp holder (1) to move up and down relative to the loading bin (3);
a test piece bearing through hole is formed in the center of the clamp holder (1), a first opening (101) and a second opening (102) which are communicated with the test piece bearing through hole are formed in the clamp holder (1) (1) along the axial direction of the clamp holder, a third opening (103) and a fourth opening (104) which are communicated with the test piece bearing through hole are formed in the clamp holder (1) (1) along the radial direction of the clamp holder, a fifth opening (201) and a sixth opening (202) which are respectively communicated with the third opening (103) and the fourth opening (104) are formed in the loading bin (2), and the first opening (101), the second opening (102), the fifth opening (201) and the sixth opening (202) are stress loading channels;
the heating box (3) is arranged in the test piece bearing through hole, the heating box (3) is of a cuboid structure and is used for accommodating a rock test piece (9) to be tested, pressure head assemblies are arranged in the first opening (101), the second opening (102), the fourth opening (103) and the fourth opening (104), and one end of each pressure head assembly extends into the heating box (3) and is connected with the rock test piece (9);
the first large main stress actuator (4) and the second large main stress actuator (5) are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the clamp holder (1) and respectively extend into the first opening (101) and the second opening (102), and the first middle main stress actuator (6) and the second middle main stress actuator (7) are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the loading bin (2) and respectively extend into the fifth opening (201) and the sixth opening (202);
the cooling assemblies are disposed within the first opening (101), the second opening (102), the fifth opening (201), and the sixth opening (202), respectively.
2. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 1,
the heating box (3) comprises symmetrically arranged heating plates (301);
the heating box (3) is provided with a first through hole (302), a second through hole (303), a third through hole (304) and a fourth through hole (305) which are respectively communicated with the first opening (101), the second opening (102), the third opening (103) and the fourth opening (104);
one end of the pressure head assembly extends into the heating box (3) through the first through hole (302), the second through hole (303), the third through hole (304) and the fourth through hole (305) and is connected with the rock test piece (9).
3. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 2,
the pressure head assembly comprises a rigid pressure head (1001), a heat insulation pad (1002) and a rigid pressing block (1003) which are sequentially connected, wherein the rigid pressure head (1001) extends into the heating box (3) and is connected with the rock test piece (9).
4. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 1,
the first large main stress actuator (4), the second large main stress actuator (5), the first middle main stress actuator (6) and the second middle main stress actuator (7) are identical in structure and respectively comprise a sealing cover (701), an annular end cover (702), a counter-force cylinder barrel (703), a piston (704), a piston rod (705), a sealing flange plate (706), a force measuring sensor (7062) and a stress loading injection pump;
the counter-force cylinder barrels (703) of the first large main stress actuator (4) and the second large main stress actuator (5) are connected to two end faces of the clamp holder (1), and the counter-force cylinder barrels (703) of the first middle main stress actuator (6) and the second middle main stress actuator (7) are connected to two end faces of the loading bin (2);
the annular end cover (702) is connected with the outer end face of the reaction cylinder barrel (703), the sealing cover (701) is connected with the middle part of the annular end cover (702), and the reaction cylinder barrel (703) is in sealing fit with the stress loading channel through the sealing flange (706);
one end of the piston rod (705) is positioned in the counter-force cylinder barrel (703), the other end of the piston rod (705) penetrates through the sealing flange (706) and extends into the stress loading channel to be connected with the force measuring sensor (7062), the piston (704) is positioned in the counter-force cylinder barrel (703) and sleeved on the piston rod (705), and the piston (704) is in sealing sliding fit with the counter-force cylinder barrel (703);
a stress loading oil cavity (11) is formed between the annular end cover (702) and the piston (704), a stress loading oil supply hole (7021) is formed in the annular end cover (702), the stress loading oil supply hole (7021) is communicated with the stress loading oil cavity (11), a stress loading oil unloading hole (7031) is formed in the reaction cylinder barrel (703), a stress unloading oil cavity (12) is formed between the piston (704) and the sealing flange (706), the stress loading oil unloading hole (7031) is communicated with the stress unloading oil cavity (12), and the stress loading oil supply hole (7021) and the stress loading oil unloading hole (7031) are both communicated with the stress loading injection pump;
and the loading bin (2) is provided with a confining pressure loading oil supply hole which is communicated with an injection pump for confining pressure loading.
5. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 4,
the cooling assembly comprises a water inlet pipe (1301), a water outlet pipe (1302) and a plurality of annular cooling pipes (1303);
the water inlet of the annular cooling pipe (1303) is connected with the water inlet pipe (1301), the water outlet of the annular cooling pipe (1303) is connected with the water outlet pipe (1302), and the annular cooling pipe (1303) surrounds the outer side of the force measuring sensor (7062);
the sealing flange plate (706) is provided with a water inlet channel (7061) and a water outlet channel (7062), and the water inlet pipe (1301) and the water outlet pipe (1302) are respectively connected with the water inlet channel (7061) and the water outlet channel (7062).
6. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 4,
a self-balancing cavity (14) is formed between the annular end cover (702) and the end of the piston rod (705);
the stress loading device is characterized in that a high-pressure communication pipeline (7051) is arranged inside the piston rod (705), and the stress loading channel is communicated with the self-balancing cavity (14) through the high-pressure communication pipeline (7051).
7. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 1,
the high-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device also comprises four mutually buckled pressure pads (18);
the mutually buckled pressure pads (18) are respectively placed on four end parts of the rock test piece (9), one end of each mutually buckled pressure pad (18) is aligned with the rock test piece (9), and the mutually buckled pressure pads (18) are connected end to form a mutually buckled structure.
8. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 1,
the hydraulic lifting rod (8) is located in the loading bin (2), a limiting block (105) is arranged on the outer side of the clamp holder (1), and the hydraulic lifting rod (8) is connected with the limiting block (105).
9. The high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus of claim 1,
the heating box body (3) is formed by a steel plate with an interlayer filled with heat insulation materials.
10. A high temperature high stress true triaxial test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of;
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a rock test piece (9);
step two: tightly connecting the rock test piece (9) with the mutually buckled press pads (18);
thirdly, respectively mounting miniature L VDT displacement sensors (15) for measuring body variation in three directions on the surface of the hermetically connected rock test piece (9) and the mutually buckled pressure pad (18);
step four: starting a hydraulic lifting rod (8) to drive the clamp holder (1) to move upwards, so that the test piece bearing through hole in the middle of the clamp holder (1) is lifted above the loading bin (2);
installing the sealed rock test piece (9) provided with the miniature L VDT displacement sensor (15) for measuring the body deformation into a heating box (3) in the clamp holder (1);
step six: controlling the hydraulic lifting rod (8) to descend until the clamper (1) completely returns to the cylindrical through hole of the loading bin (2);
step seven: displacement control is carried out on a first large main stress actuator (4), a second large main stress actuator (5), a first middle main stress actuator (6) and a second middle main stress actuator (7), and accurate centering and clamping of the sealed rock test piece (9) are completed;
step eight, adjusting the position of the miniature L VDT displacement sensor (15) for measuring the body variation and the elongation of the contact pin to ensure that the miniature L VDT displacement sensor (15) for measuring the body variation is in the range of the experimental measuring range;
step nine: hydraulic oil is filled into the loading bin (2);
step ten: starting a heating plate (301) in the heating box (3) to heat the temperature of the hydraulic oil to a target value;
step eleven: activating the cooling assembly to reduce the temperature of the load cell (7062);
step twelve: starting stress loading injection pumps of a first large main stress actuator (4), a second large main stress actuator (5), a first middle main stress actuator (6) and a second middle main stress actuator (7), and simultaneously starting a confining pressure loading injection pump to perform stepped true triaxial loading on a rock test piece (9);
step thirteen: and recording and observing the deformation of the rock test piece (9) under each step grade load.
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| CN202010369433.XA CN111426575A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-04-30 | High-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method |
| PCT/CN2020/094470 WO2021217783A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-06-04 | High-temperature and high-stress true triaxial test apparatus and method |
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| CN202010369433.XA CN111426575A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2020-04-30 | High-temperature high-stress true triaxial test device and method |
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