CN111425247A - Downward access filling body false roof with built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Downward access filling body false roof with built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111425247A CN111425247A CN202010229632.0A CN202010229632A CN111425247A CN 111425247 A CN111425247 A CN 111425247A CN 202010229632 A CN202010229632 A CN 202010229632A CN 111425247 A CN111425247 A CN 111425247A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal net reinforcing structure and a construction method thereof. Arranging the prefabricated bottom net in a downward access, vertically and temporarily fixing the prefabricated vertical net in the downward access, and connecting the prefabricated bottom net and the prefabricated vertical net; temporarily fixing the wall nets in the prefabricated vertical nets on two side walls of a downward access path through anchor rods or hooks, enabling the wall nets on the two side walls to be mutually connected through the transverse vertical nets, and then connecting the transverse vertical nets through the longitudinal vertical nets; and (4) constructing a retaining wall and filling slurry in the downward access. The reinforcement arrangement construction in the downward access is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, the laying requirement is low, and the construction safety risk of workers is reduced; the prefabricated metal net can be produced industrially, the comprehensive cost is low, the mining and filling operation cycle efficiency of route mining is remarkably accelerated, and the comprehensive production capacity of the route is improved; the filling body false roof has good integrity and the roof mined from the downward access has high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a downward layered approach type filling mining technology, in particular to a downward approach filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the increasing awareness of mine mining safety and environmental protection and the increasing emphasis on mineral resource recovery, the filling mining method has been greatly developed and widely applied in recent years. For underground metal/nonmetal ore mining with high grade and value, but poor ore rock stability and high crude rock stress, a downward layered approach type filling mining method is generally selected at present.
In the filling mining method, the direct roof of the downward access mining operation surface is an artificial false roof constructed by filling after the upper-layer access mining is finished, and compared with a mineral rock roof with high stress and soft and broken, the artificial filling body false roof can provide a safe and controllable stable roof for the mining operation of the lower-layer access.
In order to improve the overall stability of the artificial false roof, generally, after the ore removal of the access road is completed and before the access road is sealed and filled, a reinforcing mesh with a certain specification is woven in the access road of a stope on site, and then the procedures of access road retaining wall sealing, slurry filling and the like are carried out. The steel bar net and the maintained filling body jointly form an artificial false roof of the upper layered approach, and a safe operation space of the lower layered approach mining is ensured.
The reasonable matching of the reinforcing steel bar net structure and the strength parameters of the filling body is the key for ensuring the whole safety and stability after the artificial false roof is exposed downwards. However, the over-complex and conservative reinforcing mesh structural design inevitably reduces the working efficiency of reinforcing bars of stope access roads, increases the cost of downward access filling mining, and is not beneficial to improving the comprehensive economic benefit of applying downward filling mining method mines.
Therefore, in the underground metal/nonmetal mine applying the downward layered approach type filling mining method, a filling body reinforcement reinforcing structure and a method which are high in field reinforcement work efficiency, low in cost, safe and effective are selected according to the downward approach size, the mining and filling process and parameters thereof, and are very important for smoothly carrying out the construction operation of the artificial false roof. The invention is developed and put forward aiming at the actual demands of the mines.
The first prior art is as follows:
in order to improve the overall stability of the artificial false roof of the downward layered approach, the related mines generally adopt the scheme shown in fig. 1a, 1b and 1c at present, and in the approach after ore removal, a reinforcing mesh structure of 'thick and thin reinforcing bar lap joint bottom bar meshes and hanging reinforcing bars to upper layered hanging bars' is manually woven on site.
The main reinforcements and the auxiliary reinforcements arranged along the route length direction are respectively called longitudinal main reinforcements and longitudinal auxiliary reinforcements, the main reinforcements and the auxiliary reinforcements arranged along the route width direction are respectively called transverse main reinforcements and transverse auxiliary reinforcements, the main reinforcements and the auxiliary reinforcements are respectively selected from threaded reinforcements with different types, (1) the main reinforcements are threaded reinforcements with the diameter phi of 10-14 mm, the mesh size is generally 1-2 m × 1-2 m, (2) the auxiliary reinforcements are threaded reinforcements with the diameter phi of 8-10 mm, the mesh size is 0.2-0.4 m × 0.2-0.4 m, (3) the main reinforcements, the auxiliary reinforcements, the main reinforcements and the auxiliary reinforcements are connected with each other in a lap joint, the mesh wire type is generally 20-22, and (4) two side walls of the transverse main reinforcements are arranged at positions close to the route, generally need to be folded upwards by 0.2-0.5 m, and are used for binding with the same lap joint position, the main reinforcements and the auxiliary reinforcements are laid at the bottom of the same route, the mesh wire type is generally 20-22, the mesh bottom reinforcements are laid at different bottom of the mine, and the mesh bottom reinforcements are laid at different depths of the same route, and the actual mine bottom mesh, and the different mine bottom meshes are laid at different depths, and the same route.
Besides the bottom rib net woven on the route site, a plurality of rows of hanging ribs are generally needed to be arranged along the length direction of the route, wherein: (1) the specification of the hanging bar is generally consistent with that of the main bar of the bottom bar net, namely the hanging bar is a threaded steel bar with the diameter phi of 10-14 mm, and the length of the hanging bar is generally the height of an access road; (2) along the length direction of the progress, the distance between adjacent hanging ribs is consistent with the mesh degree of the transverse main rib of the bottom rib net, and the hanging ribs in the vertical direction are bound/welded with the transverse main rib of the bottom rib net; (3) the two ends of the hanging rib are folded into a section of hook, the upper hook is connected with the hanging rib hook of the previous layered approach in a hanging mode, the lower hook extends into the broken ore below the bottom rib net, and after the next layered approach is excavated and the broken ore falls into the next layered excavation space, the lower hook of the layered hanging rib is leaked, so that the hooks of the lower layered hanging rib are in lap joint.
And after the bottom rib net and the hanging rib structure of the downward layered approach are configured on site, the approach is closed, slurry filling and maintenance are carried out, and then the artificial false roof of the next layered mining approach is formed. And circulating the working procedure to carry out the downward stratified access type filling mining.
The first prior art has the following defects:
(1) from the perspective of safety
① for realizing the connection and binding of the main bars and the main bars, the auxiliary bars and the auxiliary bars, and all the lap joints between the main bars and the auxiliary bars, generally, a plurality of technical workers are required to perform construction operation in a downward route for a long time (according to statistical data of general conditions, in the route with a typical section of 4m × 4m and a length of 30-50 m, 3 skilled technical workers are required to consume 3-5 workers to complete the binding and configuration work of a reinforcing mesh of a route), and underground workers need to be exposed under a filler false roof for a long time, and are high in safety risks such as falling blocks and bruising of a roof plate, cutting of reinforcing bars/wires and the like.
② the mesh reinforcement overlap joint that requires manual ligature is many, ensures that the degree of difficulty that the technical worker can effectively ligature all overlap joints on the spot is big, and the on-the-spot construction quality is difficult to supervise, in case the mesh reinforcement can't reach the design ligature requirement, then the whole safety and stability of obturator roof when the mining of lower layering access is influenced.
(2) From the viewpoint of high efficiency
① all the lap joints of the steel bar net structure need to be manually bound and bound/welded in the downward access, which results in long construction time of the steel bar net on site, influences the mining and charging cycle time of the whole access, further limits the mining operation of the adjacent access, is not beneficial to improving the mining efficiency of mining units and limits the improvement of the comprehensive production capacity of a stope.
② after the reinforcing bar net structure is configured, the cemented filling slurry may leak into the crushed ore bedding layer at the lower part of the bottom reinforcing bar net, which causes the crushed ore to be cemented, so that the hook of the top plate hanging bar is difficult to expose during the lower layer mining, the construction efficiency for finding and hanging the hanging bar is low, and the whole safety and stability of the filling false roof may be affected once the design requirement is not met due to the difficulty of manually hanging the hanging bar.
③ when a reinforcing steel bar net structure is configured in the underground access, generally, reinforcing steel bars with various types and lengths need to be rolled in an earth surface workshop and then transported to the underground, and the difficulty of transporting reinforcing steel bar materials from the earth surface to the underground access stope is large and the transportation efficiency is low due to the fact that the reinforcing steel bars with various types are difficult to bend.
(3) From the economical point of view
① the bottom bar net and the hanging bar need to be laid on each downward access, the consumed reinforcing bar material is large, the reinforcing bar structure is over conservative, and the material cost is high.
② when the reinforcing mesh structure is compiled on the route site, when a plurality of technical workers are needed to work in a plurality of shifts on the route site, the labor cost is high, and the comprehensive mining cost of the low filling mining method for the route is not reduced.
The second prior art is:
similar to the prior art as a whole, the common points are: the bottom web needs to be knitted on site in the downward route (as shown in fig. 1).
The difference is that: as shown in fig. 2a and 2b, the second prior art adopts a mode of 'short vertical ribs + end cushion blocks', and is distinguished from the first scheme 'that the hanging ribs are hooked and lapped between upper and lower layers'; in the second scheme, the side length of a cushion block at the end part of each vertical rib is generally 0.1-0.2 m, the thickness is generally not lower than 10mm, the short vertical rib and the cushion block need to be welded in advance, and the side length of a welding area is generally not lower than 40 mm. Other technological parameters related to the type of the steel bar, the mesh degree, the binding of the bottom bar mesh and the like are integrally similar in the two prior art schemes.
The second prior art has the following defects:
the method is basically consistent with the defects of the first prior art, and only overcomes the defect of low construction efficiency caused by searching for a hook of the upper layered hanging bar when the hanging bar is hung in the lower layered approach in the first prior art. In addition, the second prior art saves a certain length of hanging steel bar, but increases the material cost and the pre-welding cost of the cushion block at the end part of the short vertical bar.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and a construction method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure, a plurality of prefabricated metal meshes are used for constructing an integral reinforcing structure of a subsequent filling material in a downward access after ore removal is completed, and each prefabricated metal mesh comprises a prefabricated vertical mesh and a prefabricated bottom mesh;
the prefabricated vertical net and the prefabricated bottom net comprise parts which are overlapped with each other and are connected by using prefabricated connecting buckles at the overlapped parts;
and finally, sealing and filling the downward access to form the downward access filling body false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure.
The construction method of the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure comprises the following steps:
forming the prepared prefabricated metal mesh into a vertical mesh and a bottom mesh;
installing the vertical net on the side wall of a downward access way, and enabling the vertical net and the bottom net to comprise mutually overlapped parts;
utilizing a prefabricated connecting buckle to form connection at the overlapped part between the vertical net and the bottom net;
and closing the downward access and filling slurry to form the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and the construction method thereof have the advantages that the reinforcement arrangement construction in the downward access is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, and the laying requirement is low; the reinforcement arrangement work time of personnel on the route entry site is short, the labor amount and the labor cost are low, and the construction safety risk of workers is reduced; the prefabricated metal net can be produced industrially, the comprehensive cost is low, and the lapping quality of the metal net is guaranteed; the mining and filling operation circulation efficiency of the route mining is remarkably accelerated, and the comprehensive production capacity of the route is improved; the filling body false roof has good integrity and the roof mined from the downward access has high safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a longitudinal section of a reinforcing mesh structure of a filling dummy top in the width direction of an access road according to a first prior art;
FIG. 1b is a horizontal projection of a typical access section of a filler false roof steel mesh structure in a first prior art solution;
fig. 1c is a vertical cross-sectional view of a typical section of a packing dummy-top steel bar mesh structure along the length of an access road according to a prior art solution;
fig. 2a is a longitudinal section of a reinforcing mesh structure of a filling dummy top in the direction of the width of an access road according to the second prior art;
fig. 2b is a longitudinal sectional view of a typical section of a filler false top steel bar mesh structure along the length direction of a downward access path in the second prior art;
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a "wall grid" structure in a false ceiling of a downward access filling body according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along the width of an access;
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a "bottom net" structure in a false ceiling of a downward access filling body according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along the width of an access;
FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view along the access width of a "cross-web" structure in a downward access fill false ceiling in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the hooking connection of the connection buckle on the junction line of the prefabricated metal mesh in the false ceiling of the downward access filling body according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a schematic structural view of a "wall net" of an approach taken first between adjacent approaches of a false roof of a downward approach filling body of a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcement structure of a mine in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7b is a schematic structural view of a later-stoped approach "wall net" between the downward approach filling body false roof adjacent approaches of the mine built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcement structure in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7c is a schematic structural view of a downward access filling body false roof access road 'bottom net' of a mine built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7d is a schematic structural view of a downward access filling body false roof access road 'transverse net' of the mine built-in prefabricated metal net reinforcing structure in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The preferred embodiment of the downward access filling dummy roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure of the invention is shown in fig. 3 to 6:
constructing an integral reinforcing structure of a subsequent filler by using a plurality of prefabricated metal nets in a downward access after ore removal, wherein the prefabricated metal nets comprise prefabricated vertical nets and prefabricated bottom nets;
the prefabricated vertical net and the prefabricated bottom net comprise parts which are overlapped with each other and are connected by using prefabricated connecting buckles at the overlapped parts;
and finally, sealing and filling the downward access to form the downward access filling body false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure.
The prefabricated vertical net comprises at least one of a wall net, a transverse vertical net and a longitudinal vertical net;
the wall nets are located on two sides of the access road, the transverse nets are multiple, the transverse nets are parallel or approximately parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals, the wall nets on two sides of the access road are connected through the transverse nets, and the longitudinal nets connect the transverse nets which are adjacently arranged.
The prefabricated bottom net is a plane net, the lower end of the prefabricated vertical net is provided with a bottom bending part which is bent to be parallel to the prefabricated bottom net, and the bottom bending part and the prefabricated bottom net are overlapped and connected.
The bottom bending part is located below the prefabricated bottom net and is in contact with or arranged at intervals with the prefabricated bottom net, and the vertical distance between the plane of the bottom bending part and the bottom plate of the downward access is 5-30 cm.
The mesh shape of the vertical net and/or the bottom net is polygonal, and joints on the vertical net and/or the bottom net are at least one of spot welding, screwing and fluctuating penetrating lapping.
The connecting buckles are prefabricated connecting buckles and are multiple, and the distance between every two adjacent prefabricated connecting buckles is 20-60 cm;
the extension length of the bottom bending part of the prefabricated vertical net is not less than 20cm, and the extension angle is 80-90 degrees;
when the vertical net is fixed on the side wall of the access way without using anchor rods/hooks or is connected with other metal nets without using prefabricated connecting buckles, the prefabricated vertical net can be temporarily erected only through the bottom bending part.
The preferred embodiment of the construction method of the above-mentioned downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 7a to 7 d:
the method comprises the following steps:
forming the prepared prefabricated metal mesh into a vertical mesh and a bottom mesh;
installing the vertical net on the side wall of a downward access way, and enabling the vertical net and the bottom net to comprise mutually overlapped parts;
utilizing a prefabricated connecting buckle to form connection at the overlapped part between the vertical net and the bottom net;
and closing the downward access and filling slurry to form the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure.
Comprises at least 1 of the following:
(1) at least one of the vertical net and the bottom net is provided with a plurality of vertical nets and a plurality of bottom nets;
(2) the number of the prefabricated connecting buckles is multiple;
(3) the vertical net comprises a wall net, and the wall net is arranged on the side wall of the downward access path through an anchor rod or a hook arranged on the side wall of the downward access path;
(4) the vertical net comprises a wall net, the lower end of the wall net is bent towards the bottom plate of the downward access, and an overlapping part which is overlapped with the bottom net is formed by the bent part;
(5) the vertical net comprises a plurality of wall nets, and the wall nets and the bottom net are connected one by one continuously along the extension direction of the downward access path.
The vertical net only comprises wall nets on two sides, or only comprises the wall nets on two sides and transverse vertical nets for connecting the wall nets on two sides, or comprises the wall nets on two sides, the transverse vertical nets for connecting the wall nets on two sides and longitudinal vertical nets for connecting adjacent transverse vertical nets.
The downward access comprises a plurality of downward accesses which are adjacent in the horizontal direction and are mined in steps;
and when the wall net is arranged in the later-mined downward access, the wall net in the later-mined downward access is temporarily fixed by using the anchor rods or the hooks, and the wall net in the later-mined downward access is respectively connected with the wall net in the adjacent earlier-mined downward access by using prefabricated connecting buckles, so that the built-in metal net of the later-mined downward access between the adjacent accesses is connected with the built-in metal net of the earlier-mined downward access.
The invention discloses a downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure and a construction method, which solve the following problems of the existing reinforcing mesh reinforcement structure and scheme of the filling body false roof in a downward layered access filling mining method:
(1) the lapping binding/welding of the reinforcing mesh is carried out on the downward route, the construction process is complex, and the construction efficiency of reinforcing bar is low;
(2) a plurality of workers weave and bind the steel bar structure in the downward route for a long time, the safety risk of field operation is high, the field binding quality of a plurality of steel bar lap joints is difficult to monitor, and the integral safety and stability of the filling body false roof are not ensured;
(3) the reinforcing steel bar material consumption of the filler false roof is large, the material cost is high, and the labor cost of on-site lap-joint binding/welding is high;
(4) the difficulty of transporting long, straight and hard steel bar materials from the surface to a stope in the underground process is high.
The invention discloses a concrete construction method of a downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the size of a downward access, a metal net with a proper size is customized in advance, and the metal net is formed by weaving reinforcing steel bars/steel wires with certain specifications in different mesh sizes, mesh shapes, overlapping modes and the like.
(2) Several suitable sizes of customized metal mesh, generally include the following two types: the first type of wire mesh is substantially equal to or slightly greater than the access width, and is generally no greater than the access length, and is typically bundled in rolls; the second type of wire mesh is generally not wider than the access height and is substantially equal in length to the access width, typically in a stack.
(3) The method comprises the steps of punching holes on two side walls of an access road in advance to install anchor rods or hooks with certain specifications, spreading and hanging a first metal net on the anchor rods or hooks on the corresponding side walls, and then folding a part close to a bottom plate of the access road to a horizontal direction to form a wall net.
(4) Then, along the length direction of the approach, the first metal net is generally laid out section by section according to the sequence from inside to outside from the end part of the approach to the approach communication road, and is generally kept above the folded parts at the bottoms of the wall nets at the two sides of the approach to form a bottom net.
(5) In the spreading process of the bottom net, the second metal net vertically crosses the width of the access road at certain intervals along the length direction of the access road, two sides of the second metal net are connected with wall nets on two side walls of the access road, the bottom edge of the second metal net is connected with the bottom net, and transverse nets are formed at intervals.
(6) On the connecting line of the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net, finished product connecting buckles are generally used for hooking connection to form a metal net integral structure in a downward access. Then, the processes of constructing the retaining wall, filling slurry and the like are carried out.
In the step (1):
the pre-customized metal net generally refers to a metal net capable of realizing industrial production and processing, the specification of the metal net can be processed according to the conditions of different mine access stope sizes, strength requirements and the like, the lap joint of warp yarns and weft yarns of the metal net generally needs welding treatment, automatic welding can be carried out in the processing process, and manual lap joint, binding, welding and the like do not need to be carried out in the relatively severe and unsafe environment of an underground access stope.
The diameter of the steel wire/steel bar of the pre-customized metal mesh is generally not less than 3mm, and the steel wire/steel bar strength requirement standard with the corresponding diameter needs to be met.
The mesh shape of the pre-customized metal mesh may be generally polygonal, such as triangular, rectangular, diamond, hexagonal, etc., and the mesh size is generally not less than 5cm, and generally not more than 50 cm.
The lapping mode of the warp and weft of the pre-customized metal net can be a mode of fluctuating and penetrating lapping at intervals of a plurality of rows, and can also adopt a mode of twisting and jointing at the lapping position, and the like.
The metal net is customized in advance, and treatment such as corrosion prevention of the surface of the metal net can be considered according to requirements of safe environments and the like of different mine access stopes.
In the step (2):
the first type of metal net customized in advance is mainly used for construction of wall nets on the two side walls of the access road and bottom nets on the bottom surface of the access road, the customized metal nets are bundled in a coiled mode as much as possible, the transportation and the transportation are convenient, the length of each coil is improved as much as possible on the premise that the transportation and the laying are convenient, and the extra lap joint of two or more sections of metal nets in the length direction of the access road is reduced.
The width of the first type of pre-customized metal net is basically equal to or slightly larger than the height of the approach path, so that the lower part of the first type of pre-customized metal net is conveniently bent to be horizontal by a section, after bending, the reasonable height of the 'wall net' in the vertical direction still needs to be ensured, and the height part of the vertical section of the first type of pre-customized metal net is generally not lower than half of the height of the approach path.
The first type of pre-customized wire mesh is also used for "underpan" construction along the bottom of the approach, with the underpan having a width substantially equal to the approach width and a length generally no greater than the approach length.
The second type of pre-customized metal net is mainly used for 'transverse net' construction along the width direction of the access road, is piled up in pieces as much as possible and is convenient to carry, the length of the second type of pre-customized metal net is basically equal to the width of the access road, and the width of the second type of pre-customized metal net is generally not less than half of the height of the access road.
The predetermined number of metal nets generally includes the above two types, but may not be limited to the above two types, and the size of the metal net may be appropriately adjusted according to the downward route width, height, length, and use of the metal net.
In the step (3):
the length of the bending section which is close to the access bottom plate and folds the wall net to the horizontal direction is generally not less than 20 cm.
After the wall net is folded to a horizontal direction near the access floor part, the lower surface of the horizontal section of the wall net is generally higher than the access floor, namely the height of the wall net from the access floor is generally not lower than 5cm and generally not more than 30 cm.
If anchor rod and anchor net support is carried out on the top plate and the side wall of the filling body of the downward access in the access type stoping process, wall nets on the two side walls can be directly hooked and connected with anchor rod and anchor net support of corresponding support structures when metal nets are arranged in the later stage, the length of the overlapped and overlapped areas is generally not less than 20cm, and then the procedures of re-punching and installing anchor rods or hooks on the two side walls of the access are properly reduced.
In the step (4):
the bottom net is generally positioned above the folded parts at the bottoms of the wall nets on the two side walls, and the height from the bottom surface of the access road is generally not less than 5cm and generally not more than 30 cm.
The bottom folded parts of the bottom net and the wall net are fully overlapped along the length direction of the access, and the width of the overlapped area at two sides in the width direction of the access is generally not less than 20 cm.
In the step (5):
the separation distance between two adjacent "transverse webs" along the length of the approach is generally no greater than the width of the corresponding approach.
In the width direction of the access road, the left side edge and the right side edge of each transverse net are respectively connected with the corresponding access road side wall nets, and the bottom edge of each transverse net is connected with the access road bottom net.
Each "transverse web" should be kept fully deployed and in a vertical orientation as much as possible to avoid over-bent, inclined or twisted lap joints.
In the step (6):
the boundary lines of the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net are hooked and connected by adopting a proper number of connecting buckles, and the distance between two adjacent connecting buckles on each boundary line is generally not more than 50 cm.
The connecting fastener is a finished product made of steel wires or steel bars generally, the diameter of the steel wires/the steel bars is not less than 3mm, and the opening size and the inner diameter size of the connecting fastener can allow the metal mesh warps/wefts to pass through the inlet so as to meet the hooking connection requirement.
Between adjacent routes of the same mining level, the wall net, the transverse net and the bottom net of the later mining route can be respectively hooked and connected with the wall net, the transverse net and the bottom net of the adjacent first mining route, so that the connection integrity of the metal nets between the adjacent routes is improved.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the annual ore yield of a large underground metal mine is about 200 ten thousand t/a, and the ore has good grade and high value. The main ore body is about 1000m long along the trend, the trend is about 800m long, the vertical height extends about 600m, and the ore body distribution scale is large. The whole ore body is thick, the thickness is about 20-200 m, and the average thickness is about 100 m. The ore body inclines to a steep inclination, and the inclination angle is about 60-80 degrees.
The geological structure of the mining area is strong, the joint crack of the rock mass develops, and the engineering geological conditions are complex. The ore body and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates mainly have a fragmentation type rock mass structure, the MRMR value of the rock mass quality evaluation index is mainly about 30-40, and the quality of the rock mass is generally poor.
According to the occurrence state of an ore body, the quality of a rock body and the mining technical conditions thereof, a downward access type filling mining method is designed, a plurality of drift tunnels are generally arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, the drift tunnels are used for downward layered mining of stopes on two sides of the drift tunnels, the length direction of a drift is generally arranged along the trend of the ore body in each stope, the width direction of the drift is perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, the thicknesses of the ore body in different sections are different, a plurality of downward drifts can be arranged in parallel in corresponding stopes, the typical downward drift section size is 4m × 4m, and the drift length is about 40 m.
The current construction method (prior art) is as follows:
and when ore is removed from the downward route, a certain amount of crushed ore is reserved finally and cannot be removed, and the crushed ore is leveled into a cushion layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm within the range of the route. Then, a plurality of workers lay the reinforcing bars section by section in the route, fig. 1a, 1b, 1c, wherein: the main ribs are round steel with the diameter of phi 10mm and the distance between the main ribs is 1.5 m; the auxiliary ribs are round steel with the diameter of 8mm and the distance between the auxiliary ribs is 0.2 m; all lap joints between the main and auxiliary ribs need to be bound by artificial iron wires; the main ribs and the auxiliary ribs of adjacent routes need to be welded on site; suspending a row of hanging ribs along the middle line of the width of the approach, wherein the hanging ribs are round steel with the diameter of 10mm, and suspending 1 hanging rib at intervals of 3-4 m in the length direction of the approach; the upper end of the hanging rib is hooked at the hanging rib hook of the upper-layer route, and the lower end of the hanging rib is bent and then extends to the bottom of the crushed ore layer to be buried, so that the hanging rib of the lower-layer route can be conveniently hooked; in the first mining route of the adjacent routes, the main and auxiliary ribs are 0.2-0.3 m in super length at the positions close to the two side walls of the routes and are bent to be vertically upward, so that the main and auxiliary ribs can be conveniently welded with the reinforcing steel bars of the adjacent routes at the later stage; and after the main ribs, the auxiliary ribs and the hanging ribs are manually laid on site, the retaining wall is built again to wait for filling.
The reinforcement arrangement process and the reinforcement arrangement mode of the downward access filling mining method of the main ore body of the mine are illustrated and commonly exist in similar mines. The downward approach reinforcement arrangement process and the mode require a plurality of workers to be exposed under the filler false roof for a long time in the on-site approach to carry out binding operation on all main and auxiliary reinforcement lap joints, the personnel safety risk is high, the construction efficiency is low, the reinforcement arrangement quality supervision difficulty is high, the production management is complex, the steel consumption is high, and the material cost and the labor cost are high. The process and the method are not beneficial to improving the recovery efficiency of the downward access mining unit and limiting the improvement of the comprehensive production capacity of the stope.
In order to effectively solve the problems, the method of the invention is applied to an exemplary mine, and when reinforcing the reinforcing bars of the false roof of the access filling body, the prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and the process method shown in fig. 7a to 7d are used, and the method specifically comprises the following steps and requirements:
(1) according to the typical downward access dimensions (length 40m, width 4m and height 4m) of an example mine, a prefabricated metal net with a proper size is prefabricated and customized, the prefabricated metal net is woven by phi 5mm steel bars, the mesh size is generally a rectangle of 15cm × 30cm, the long side direction of the rectangular mesh is consistent with the total length direction of the prefabricated metal net piece, all steel bar lap joints of the prefabricated metal net are welded tightly in the industrial processing process, and the surface of the prefabricated metal net is subjected to zinc plating and rust prevention treatment.
(2) Example mines two sizes of prefabricated metal mesh were pre-customized: first, each prefabricated metal net has a total width of about 4m and a total length of about 20m, and is bound in a roll to be used as a 'wall net' and a 'bottom net'; second, each sheet of prefabricated metal mesh has a total width of about 3m and a total length of about 4m, and is piled up in sheets to serve as a "transverse net".
(3) In the process of route mining, 2 rows of holes are pre-drilled on two side walls by using a shallow hole rock drill along the length direction of a route, the distance between the upper row of holes and a route top plate is about 1m, the distance between the lower row of holes and a route bottom plate is about 1m, the hole diameter is about 3-5 cm, and the hole interval along the length direction of the route is 5 m. If a prefabricated metal net is built in the first mining access of the adjacent access, the depth of the hole is about 20-30 cm, and a hook is installed in the hole. If the prefabricated metal mesh is built in the rear mining access of the adjacent access by reinforcing bars, the depth of the hole is about 1.5-2 m, and a pipe seam type anchor rod or other types of anchor rods are installed in the hole.
(4) Firstly, a coiled prefabricated metal net with the total width of about 4m and the total length of about 20m is spread along the length direction of an access road, respectively hung and fixed on hooks or anchor rods on two side walls of the access road, and then the part close to the bottom plate of the access road is folded by about 0.5m to waterA horizontal direction, the horizontal bending section is about 20cm away from the access bottom plate to form
Type "wall net". On the unilateral approach side wall, the lap joint can be carried out by using 2 rolls of prefabricated metal nets to form the lateral wall net, the width of the lap joint area of the 2 rolls of prefabricated metal nets is generally not less than 30cm, and the prefabricated metal nets are hooked and connected by using prefabricated connecting buckles.
(5) Then, the coiled prefabricated metal net with the total width of about 4m and the total length of about 20m is spread along the length direction of the access road, the coiled prefabricated metal net is generally spread outwards section by section according to the sequence from inside to outside when the prefabricated metal net retreats from the end part of the access road to enter and exit the communication road or the drift tunnel, and the coiled prefabricated metal net is generally kept above the folded parts at the bottoms of the wall nets on the two side walls of the access road to form a bottom net. Along the length direction of the approach, the bottom net can be paved by using 2 rolls of prefabricated metal nets, the width of the overlapping and lapping area of the 2 rolls of prefabricated metal nets is generally not less than 30cm, and the prefabricated metal nets are hooked and connected by using prefabricated connecting buckles.
(6) In the spreading process of the bottom net, pieces of prefabricated metal nets with the total width of about 3m and the total length of about 4m are vertically spanned in the width direction of the access at intervals of 4-5 m along the length direction of the access, two sides of the prefabricated metal nets are connected with wall nets on two side walls of the access, the bottom edges of the prefabricated metal nets are connected with the bottom net, and transverse vertical nets for downward access are formed at intervals.
(7) On the connecting line of the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net, a prefabricated connecting buckle is generally used for hooking and connecting to form a prefabricated metal net integral structure of a downward access. The distance between two adjacent connecting buckles is generally about 0.3-0.6 m. When customization or purchase connector link, its reinforcing bar material specification is generally phi 5mm round steel, and the opening size of prefabricated connector link is greater than the reinforcing bar diameter of prefabricated metal mesh piece slightly, generally is about 7 ~ 8 mm.
(8) Between the adjacent access roads of the same mining level, in the assembling process of the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net of the later mining access road, the prefabricated connecting buckles with proper sizes are used to be respectively hooked with the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net of the adjacent earlier mining access road, so that the integrity of the prefabricated metal net structural connection between the adjacent access roads is improved.
(9) And after the lap joint of the integral structure of the prefabricated metal mesh in the downward access is finished, constructing a filling retaining wall at the position close to the access drift and then carrying out subsequent slurry filling work.
For reinforcing the reinforcing bars of the artificial filling body false roof in the downward access filling mining method, the prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure and the technical method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the prefabricated metal net is used for reinforcing the top plate of the filling body, the on-site reinforcement construction process is simple and convenient, the laying requirement is low, and the efficiency is high.
(2) The arrangement of reinforcement working time of personnel on the access site is short, the labor capacity of workers and corresponding labor cost are reduced, in addition, in the process, underground personnel do not need to work under the top plate of the filling body for a long time, and the safety risk is reduced.
(3) The prefabricated metal net can realize industrialized customized production, has low comprehensive cost and is beneficial to reducing the comprehensive cost of low-directional access type filling mining. And the lapping quality of the metal mesh reinforcing steel bars is guaranteed, and the metal mesh after being coiled and bundled or piled in a sheet form is convenient to transport from the ground surface to the underground.
(4) The waiting time from ore removal of the downward access to filling work is reduced, the mining and filling operation cycle efficiency of each access mining unit is improved, and the comprehensive production capacity of a stope is favorably improved.
(5) The metal mesh structure in the downward access can improve the integrity of the artificial roof of the filling body, and is beneficial to improving the safety of a roof plate mined in the downward access.
The technical key points of the invention are as follows:
in order to realize the high efficiency, the safety and the economy of a reinforcement structure and a reinforcement method of a downward access filling body false roof in an underground metal/nonmetal mine applying a downward layered access type filling mining method, the invention provides the downward access filling body false roof and the method with a built-in prefabricated metal net reinforcing structure, firstly, a metal net with a proper size is customized in advance according to the downward access size, and the prefabricated metal net is formed by weaving reinforcing steel bars/steel wires with certain specifications in different mesh sizes, mesh shapes, overlapping modes and the like; several prefabricated metal meshes of suitable dimensions are customized, generally comprising the following two types: the first type of pre-formed wire mesh is substantially equal to or slightly greater than the width of the approach, and is generally no greater than the length of the approach, and is typically bundled in rolls; the second kind of prefabricated metal net has width not greater than the height of the passage and length basically equal to the width of the passage, and is usually piled up in sheets; the method comprises the steps that anchor rods or hooks with certain specifications are punched on two side walls of an access road in advance, a first prefabricated metal net is laid out, hung and fixed on the anchor rods or hooks on the corresponding side walls, and then a part close to a bottom plate of the access road is folded to be in a horizontal direction to form a 'wall net'; then, along the length direction of the approach, the first prefabricated metal mesh is generally laid out section by section according to the sequence from inside to outside from the end part of the approach to the access communication road, and is generally kept to be positioned above the folded part of the bottom of the wall mesh at the two sides of the approach to form a bottom mesh; in the process of spreading the bottom net, vertically crossing a second prefabricated metal net at the width of the access road at certain intervals along the length direction of the access road, connecting two sides of the second prefabricated metal net with wall nets on two side walls of the access road, connecting the bottom side of the second prefabricated metal net with the bottom net, and forming transverse vertical nets at intervals; on the connecting line of the wall net, the bottom net and the transverse net, a prefabricated connecting buckle is generally used for hook connection to form a prefabricated metal net integral structure in a downward access. Then the procedures of retaining wall construction, slurry filling and the like are carried out.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A downward access filling body false roof with a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure is characterized in that a plurality of prefabricated metal meshes are used for constructing an integral reinforcing structure of subsequent fillings in a downward access after ore removal is completed, and each prefabricated metal mesh comprises a prefabricated vertical mesh and a prefabricated bottom mesh;
the prefabricated vertical net and the prefabricated bottom net comprise parts which are overlapped with each other and are connected by using prefabricated connecting buckles at the overlapped parts;
and finally, sealing and filling the downward access to form the downward access filler false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure.
2. The downward access fill false ceiling with built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated vertical net comprises at least one of a wall net, a transverse net and a longitudinal net;
the wall nets are located on two sides of the access road, the transverse nets are multiple, the transverse nets are parallel or approximately parallel to each other and arranged at intervals, the wall nets on two sides of the access road are connected through the transverse nets, and the longitudinal nets connect the transverse nets which are arranged adjacently.
3. The downward access fill false ceiling with built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcement structure according to claim 2, wherein the prefabricated bottom mesh is a plane mesh, the lower end of the prefabricated vertical mesh is provided with a bottom bent portion bent to be parallel to the prefabricated bottom mesh, and the bottom bent portion and the prefabricated bottom mesh are overlapped and connected.
4. The downward access filling false ceiling of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized in that the bottom bent part is positioned below the prefabricated bottom mesh and is in contact with or spaced from the prefabricated bottom mesh, and the vertical distance between the plane of the bottom bent part and the bottom plate of the downward access is 5-30 cm.
5. The downward access filler false ceiling of an internal prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized in that the mesh shape of the vertical net and/or the bottom net is a polygon, and the joint points on the vertical net and/or the bottom net are at least one of spot welding, screwing and undulating penetrating lapping.
6. The downward access filling body false ceiling of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized in that the connecting buckles are a plurality of prefabricated connecting buckles, and the distance between every two adjacent prefabricated connecting buckles is 20-60 cm;
the extension length of the bottom bending part of the prefabricated vertical net is not less than 20cm, and the extension angle is 80-90 degrees;
when the vertical net is fixed on the side wall of the access way without using anchor rods/hooks or is connected with other metal nets without using prefabricated connecting buckles, the prefabricated vertical net can be temporarily erected only through the bottom bending part.
7. A construction method of a downward access filling body false roof of a built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming the prepared prefabricated metal mesh into a vertical mesh and a bottom mesh;
installing the vertical net on the side wall of a downward access way, and enabling the vertical net and the bottom net to comprise mutually overlapped parts;
utilizing a prefabricated connecting buckle to form connection at the overlapped part between the vertical net and the bottom net;
and closing the downward access and filling slurry to form the downward access filling body false roof with the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforcing structure.
8. The construction method of the downward access filling body false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized by comprising at least 1 of the following steps:
(1) at least one of the vertical net and the bottom net is provided with a plurality of vertical nets and a plurality of bottom nets;
(2) the number of the prefabricated connecting buckles is multiple;
(3) the vertical net comprises a wall net, and the wall net is arranged on the side wall of the downward access path through an anchor rod or a hook arranged on the side wall of the downward access path;
(4) the vertical net comprises a wall net, the lower end of the wall net is bent towards the bottom plate of the downward access, and an overlapping part which is overlapped with the bottom net is formed by the bent part;
(5) the vertical net comprises a plurality of wall nets, and the wall nets and the bottom net are connected one by one continuously along the extension direction of the downward access path.
9. The construction method of the downward access filling body false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized in that:
the vertical net only comprises wall nets on two sides, or only comprises the wall nets on two sides and transverse vertical nets for connecting the wall nets on two sides, or comprises the wall nets on two sides, the transverse vertical nets for connecting the wall nets on two sides and longitudinal vertical nets for connecting adjacent transverse vertical nets.
10. The construction method of the downward access filling body false roof of the built-in prefabricated metal mesh reinforced structure is characterized in that:
the downward access comprises a plurality of downward accesses which are adjacent in the horizontal direction and are mined in steps;
the wall net arranged in the firstly mined downward access is temporarily fixed on the wall of the access through an anchor rod or a hook between the adjacent downward accesses mined in steps at the same mining level, when the wall net is arranged in the later mined downward access, the wall net in the later mined downward access is temporarily fixed by using the anchor rod or the hook, and the wall net in the later mined downward access is respectively connected with the wall net in the adjacent firstly mined downward access by using a prefabricated connecting buckle, so that the built-in metal net of the later mined downward access between the adjacent accesses is connected with the built-in metal net of the firstly mined downward access.
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| CN113250745A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-13 | 北京科技大学 | Artificial false roof construction method of built-in basalt fiber geogrid reinforced structure |
| CN113738439A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-03 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Method for backfilling waste rocks in approach path by downward horizontal layered filling mining method |
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| CN113738439A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-03 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Method for backfilling waste rocks in approach path by downward horizontal layered filling mining method |
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