CN111425173A - Sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil well and matching device thereof - Google Patents
Sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil well and matching device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111425173A CN111425173A CN202010382689.4A CN202010382689A CN111425173A CN 111425173 A CN111425173 A CN 111425173A CN 202010382689 A CN202010382689 A CN 202010382689A CN 111425173 A CN111425173 A CN 111425173A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sand washing and steam injecting process for a heavy oil well and a matched device thereof, wherein before steam injection, underground sand impurities are washed away, then steam is injected, and oil is pumped after stewing, so that sand jamming during oil pumping is avoided, and the operation is stable; when steam is injected, the heat energy in the steam is efficiently absorbed because the permeability of the oil layer is high; meanwhile, the required steam injection time is also obviously shortened, the heat absorbed by other pipe sections is reduced, the ineffective heat loss is reduced, and more energy is saved; the lower end part of the oil extraction assembly is connected with a sand washing inner pipe, the lower end part of the bridge type steam injection assembly is connected with a sand washing outer pipe, and the outer side of the upper end part of the sand washing outer pipe is provided with an oil inlet sealing steam valve and communicated with the inside; the invention has the advantages that: realizes stable, high-efficiency and energy-saving production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steam injection process for a heavy oil well, in particular to a sand washing and steam injection process for the heavy oil well and a matched device thereof, belonging to the field of steam injection for the heavy oil well.
Background
In the oil field production well with a rod, along with the oil pumping process, the formation oil flows towards the oil well pump, sand grains are also brought to the vicinity of the oil well pump by the oil flow, and the sand grains are gradually deposited due to higher density, so that the sand surface moves upwards. The sand can increase the oil flow resistance, and when the depth of the accumulated sand reaches a certain degree, the liquid inlet of an oil well pump is insufficient, air lock is pumped out, and even the production is stopped and the pump is checked due to dry grinding.
In the production of heavy oil well, steam is injected into underground by steam huff-puff process, and oil extraction is carried out after soaking. However, the conventional steam injection matching device and the conventional steam injection matching process have the following problems:
firstly, a common injection and pumping dual-purpose pump comprises a feedback pump and a double oil inlet pump, wherein during steam injection, steam passes through an inner hole of a pump cylinder, and if scale is formed on the inner wall of the pump cylinder, the scale of a plunger piston is blocked during rotary pumping; the double oil inlet pumps are used for injecting steam through holes formed in the side faces of the pump cylinders, and sand impurities below the fixed valves cannot be washed in the well washing process;
secondly, a plurality of tail pipes are connected below the oil well pump, and when a well is washed, if sand particles in the tail pipes are fully accumulated, the well washing liquid cannot be washed through, so that the well is failed to be washed, steam cannot be injected, and the oil extraction pipe is required to be overhauled;
and thirdly, if steam is injected after the well is washed directly through the tail pipe, part of impurities can be left because the annular flushing of the tail pipe is not uniform. The permeability of steam in an oil layer is reduced, even a steam injection channel is blocked, and the steam benefit is reduced;
if the sand grains in the well are not cleaned before steam injection, the permeability of an oil layer can be reduced, even a steam injection channel is blocked, and the steam benefit is reduced. After steam injection, the sand layer is hardened, and the oil well pump is dry-ground after rotary pumping, so that production stop maintenance is needed, and the steam injection cost is wasted. The best oil recovery opportunity is missed as shown in fig. 1-2.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention designs a sand washing and steam injection process for a heavy oil well and a matched device thereof, sand impurities in the well are washed away before steam injection, then steam is injected, and oil is pumped after stewing, so that sand jamming during pumping is avoided, and the operation is stable; when steam is injected, the heat energy in the steam is efficiently absorbed because the permeability of the oil layer is high; meanwhile, the required steam injection time is also obviously shortened, the heat absorbed by other pipe sections is reduced, the ineffective heat loss is reduced, and more energy is saved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sand washing and steam injection process for a heavy oil well comprises the following steps:
(1) washing sand impurities in the tail pipe and at the bottom of an oil layer through a positive well flushing;
(2) washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; because the uniform through holes are buried by sand at different depths and have different flow resistances, the sand grains are washed away layer by layer in sequence from bottom to top;
(3) and then, steam is uniformly injected into each oil layer through the uniform-quantity through holes, and during steam injection, the steam does not pass through the inner wall of the pump cylinder of the oil well pump, so that scale blockage after steam injection is avoided.
Because the equal through-hole from top to bottom aperture crescent along the vertical direction, and the opening direction is inequality, because steam is come from oil pipe upper portion, so from the heat source nearest minimum of equal through-hole design, down big a little again, the biggest of bottom, concrete aperture is confirmed according to oil reservoir sand production condition and well depth. Therefore, the steam quantity passing through the uniform quantity through holes with different heights is uniform. The steam passes through the annular space between the pump barrel and the outer pipe and does not pass through the inner wall of the pump barrel.
A matching device for sand washing and steam injection process of a heavy oil well comprises a bridge type injection and suction sand prevention pump, wherein a sand washing and steam injection tool is arranged at the lower part of the bridge type injection and suction sand prevention pump, the sand washing and steam injection tool comprises an oil pipe column, a sucker rod is arranged in the oil pipe column, the lower end of the sucker rod is connected with an oil extraction assembly, and the lower end of the oil pipe column is connected with the bridge type steam injection assembly; the lower end part of the oil extraction assembly is connected with a sand washing inner pipe, the lower end part of the bridge type steam injection assembly is connected with a sand washing outer pipe, and the outer side of the upper end part of the sand washing outer pipe is provided with an oil inlet seal steam valve and communicated with the inside.
The tubing string runs from the wellhead up to the downhole pump, usually by a plurality of tubing strings connected by threads. The function is to communicate the well mouth and the oil layer and to convey oil, well-flushing fluid and steam.
The pull rod of the oil well pump is connected to the sucker rod string, and the sucker rod string is formed by connecting a plurality of sucker rods from a wellhead polished rod to the underground. Under the matching of the plunger part and the pump barrel part, the pumping force is generated by the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the plunger, and the oil is conveyed to the ground.
Under the effect of the oil inlet seal steam valve, oil in the oil layer can enter, so that the oil well pump can suck oil at the bottom layer and can suck oil near the oil inlet seal steam valve, an oil inlet channel is enlarged, and the pump efficiency is improved. The steam sealing function is that, when the steam is injected, because the oil inlet steam sealing valve has a valve ball seat inside, which is equivalent to a one-way valve, the function of only not allowing the steam to enter is achieved, and the steam cannot be sprayed out from the oil inlet steam sealing valve.
Furthermore, the side of the sand washing outer pipe is provided with uniform through holes with different sizes at different depth positions along the circumferential direction.
Wherein, the equal volume through-hole from top to bottom aperture crescent, and the opening direction is inequality, because steam is come from oil pipe upper portion, so from the heat source nearest minimum of equal volume through-hole design, down a little more, the steam volume that the equal volume through-hole of co-altitude can make is more even down, the bottom is the biggest again. The steam passes through the annular space between the pump barrel and the outer pipe and does not pass through the inner wall of the pump barrel.
The sand washing outer pipe is used for guiding the flowing direction of media such as oil flow, well washing liquid, steam and the like. And the well washing in layers and the steam injection are realized by matching with the uniform-measuring through holes.
The sand washing inner pipe is connected to the lower part of the oil extraction assembly and is used for guiding the flow direction of media such as oil flow, well washing liquid, steam and the like.
Furthermore, a sand washing steam injection channel is arranged between the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe, when the sucker rod string is lifted up, the oil extraction assembly is driven to move upwards, the sand washing inner pipe moves upwards along with the sand washing inner pipe, a sand layer cavity is formed at the lower part of the sand washing inner pipe, and an initial channel is provided for sand washing and well washing.
When the oil extraction assembly is lifted up, the sand washing inner pipe can also move upwards along with the oil extraction assembly, and if sand impurities are filled in the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe, the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe can play a role in loosening sand through the lifting action. The sand washing inner pipe is lifted out of the wellhead, and sand in the sand washing inner pipe can also be lifted out, so that the components of a sand layer can be conveniently analyzed. Belongs to mandatory physical sand removal. Compared with the well flushing fluid, the sand flushing is more efficient, and the cost of the well flushing fluid is reduced.
The working process is as follows:
(1) when the bottom of the oil well pump is plugged by sand, the oil pumping rod is lifted up, and the oil extraction assembly is lifted into the bridge type steam injection assembly;
(2) washing the sand grains at the bottom through a positive well washing; washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; then, uniformly injecting steam into each oil layer through the uniform through holes;
(3) after steam injection, the sucker rod is lowered down, and the anti-impact distance is adjusted, so that oil can be pumped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: washing sand impurities in the tail pipe and at the bottom of an oil layer through a positive well flushing; washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; and then, steam is uniformly injected into each oil layer through the uniform-quantity through holes, and during steam injection, the steam does not pass through the inner wall of the pump cylinder of the oil well pump, so that scale blockage after steam injection is avoided. Realizes stable, high-efficiency and energy-saving production.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the sand accumulation state of an oil pump during oil pumping;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a sand-accumulating and blocking steam injection passage of an oil well pump in the oil pumping process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the bottom of the oil well pump being blocked by sand according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an open state diagram of a sand-washing steam-injection passage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a state diagram of sand washing and steam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a state diagram after steam injection according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A sand washing and steam injection process for a heavy oil well comprises the following steps:
(1) washing sand impurities in the tail pipe and at the bottom of an oil layer through a positive well flushing;
and (3) positive well flushing: and injecting a well flushing fluid through an opening of the oil pipe on the Christmas tree. And the flushing fluid returns to the ground from the annular space between the oil pipe and the casing after passing through the oil layer.
And (3) backwashing the well: the flushing fluid is injected through an opening in the christmas tree through the casing. And the oil returns to the ground from the inner hole of the oil pipe after reaching the oil layer through the annular space between the oil pipe and the sleeve.
(2) Washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; because the uniform through holes are buried by sand at different depths and have different flow resistances, the sand grains are washed away layer by layer in sequence from bottom to top;
(3) then, steam is uniformly injected into each oil layer through the uniform-quantity through holes, and during steam injection, the steam does not pass through the inner wall of the pump cylinder of the oil well pump, so that scale blockage after steam injection is avoided;
because the equal through-hole from top to bottom aperture crescent along the vertical direction, and the opening direction is inequality, because steam is come from oil pipe upper portion, so from the heat source nearest minimum of equal through-hole design, down big a little again, the biggest of bottom, concrete aperture is confirmed according to oil reservoir sand production condition and well depth. Therefore, the steam quantity passing through the uniform quantity through holes with different heights is uniform. The steam passes through the annular space between the pump barrel and the outer pipe and does not pass through the inner wall of the pump barrel.
As shown in fig. 3, the matching device for sand washing and steam injecting process of heavy oil well comprises a bridge type injection and suction sand prevention pump, a sand washing and steam injecting tool is arranged at the lower part of the bridge type injection and suction sand prevention pump,
the concrete structure of the sand washing and steam injecting tool comprises: a tubing string 6, tubing string (tubing assembly) 1, runs from the wellhead up to the downhole pump, typically by multiple tubing strings threaded together. The function is to communicate the well mouth and the oil layer and convey oil liquid, well flushing liquid and steam;
a sucker rod (sucker rod string) 1 is arranged in the oil pipe string 6, the lower end of the sucker rod 1 is connected with an oil extraction assembly 2, the lower end of the oil pipe string 6 is connected with a bridge type steam injection assembly 3, the lower end of the oil extraction assembly 2 is connected with a sand washing inner pipe 7, the lower end of the bridge type steam injection assembly 3 is connected with a sand washing outer pipe 8, and the upper end of the sand washing outer pipe 8 is provided with an oil inlet seal steam valve 9; .
The pull rod of the plunger assembly of the oil well pump (the oil extraction assembly comprises a plunger part and a pump barrel part) is connected to the sucker rod string 1, the sucker rod string is formed by connecting a plurality of sucker rods from a wellhead polished rod to the underground, and during installation, the leather cup assembly at the lower part of the pump barrel assembly is sealed and positioned at the bottom of the outer pipe by lowering the sucker rod string 1. Under the matching of the plunger part and the pump barrel part, the pumping force is generated by the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the plunger, and the oil is conveyed to the ground.
Under the action of the oil inlet steam sealing valve 9, oil in an oil layer can enter, so that the oil well pump can suck oil at the bottom layer and oil near the oil inlet steam sealing valve, an oil inlet channel is enlarged, and the pump efficiency is improved. The steam sealing function is that, when the steam is injected, because the inside of the oil inlet steam sealing valve is provided with the valve ball seat, which is equivalent to a one-way valve, the function of only not allowing the steam to enter is achieved, and the steam cannot be sprayed out from the oil inlet steam sealing valve.
The side of the sand washing outer pipe 8 is provided with through holes 81 with different sizes at different depth positions along the circumferential direction. Equal volume through-hole is along direction of height aperture crescent from top to bottom, and the opening direction is inequality, because steam is come from oil pipe upper portion, so from the minimum of the nearest equal volume through-hole design of heat source, down a little more, the biggest of bottom can make the steam volume that the equal volume through-hole of co-altitude passes through more even. The steam passes through the annular space between the pump barrel and the outer pipe and does not pass through the inner wall of the pump barrel.
The sand washing outer pipe 8 is used for guiding the flow direction of media such as oil flow, well washing liquid, steam and the like. And the well washing in layers and the steam injection are realized by matching with the uniform-measuring through holes.
The sand washing inner pipe 7 is connected to the lower part of the oil extraction assembly 2 and is used for guiding the flow direction of media such as oil flow, well washing liquid, steam and the like.
A sand washing steam injection channel 4 is arranged between the sand washing inner tube 7 and the sand washing outer tube 8, when the sucker rod string is lifted up, the oil extraction assembly is driven to move upwards, the sand washing inner tube (central tube) 7 moves upwards along with the sand washing inner tube, and a sand layer cavity 5 is formed at the lower part of the sand washing inner tube 7 to provide an initial channel for sand washing and well washing.
When the oil extraction assembly is lifted up, the sand washing inner pipe can also move upwards along with the oil extraction assembly, and if sand impurities are filled in the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe, the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe can play a role in loosening sand through the lifting action. The sand washing inner pipe is lifted out of the wellhead, and sand in the sand washing inner pipe can also be lifted out, so that the components of a sand layer can be conveniently analyzed. Belongs to mandatory physical sand removal. Compared with the well flushing fluid, the sand flushing is more efficient, and the cost of the well flushing fluid is reduced.
The working process is as follows:
(1) when the bottom of the oil well pump is blocked by sand, the oil pumping rod 1 is lifted up, and the oil extraction assembly 2 is lifted into the bridge type steam injection assembly 3 for centralization, as shown in figure 5;
(2) washing the sand grains at the bottom through a positive well washing; washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; then, the steam is uniformly injected into each oil layer through the uniform through holes, as shown in figure 6;
(3) after steam injection, the sucker rod 1 is lowered down, the anti-impact distance is adjusted, and oil pumping is started, as shown in fig. 7.
Claims (6)
1. A sand washing and steam injection process for a heavy oil well is characterized in that: a sand washing and steam injection process for a heavy oil well comprises the following steps:
(1) washing sand impurities in the tail pipe and at the bottom of an oil layer through a positive well flushing;
(2) washing out the sand grains layer by layer through the uniform through holes; because the uniform through holes are buried by sand at different depths and have different flow resistances, the sand grains are washed away layer by layer in sequence from bottom to top;
(3) and then, steam is uniformly injected into each oil layer through the uniform-quantity through holes, and during steam injection, the steam does not pass through the inner wall of the pump cylinder of the oil well pump, so that scale blockage after steam injection is avoided.
2. The complete set of sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sand washing and steam injecting tool comprises an oil pipe column, a pumping rod is arranged in the oil pipe column, the lower end of the pumping rod is connected with an oil extraction assembly, and the lower end of the oil pipe column is connected with the bridge type steam injection assembly; the lower end part of the oil extraction assembly is connected with a sand washing inner pipe, the lower end part of the bridge type steam injection assembly is connected with a sand washing outer pipe, and the outer side of the upper end part of the sand washing outer pipe is provided with an oil inlet seal steam valve and communicated with the inside.
3. The kit of claim 2, wherein: the pull rod of the oil well pump is connected to the sucker rod string, and the sucker rod string is formed by connecting a plurality of sucker rods from a wellhead polished rod to the underground.
4. The matching device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the side of the sand washing outer tube is provided with through holes with different sizes at different depth positions along the circumferential direction.
5. The kit according to claim 4, wherein the apertures of the uniform through holes are gradually increased from top to bottom, and the openings are in different directions.
6. The kit of claim 2, wherein: and a sand washing steam injection channel is arranged between the sand washing inner pipe and the sand washing outer pipe, and when the oil extraction assembly is driven by the upper lifting sucker rod string to move upwards, a sand layer cavity is formed at the bottom of the sand washing inner pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010382689.4A CN111425173A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil well and matching device thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010382689.4A CN111425173A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil well and matching device thereof |
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| CN111425173A true CN111425173A (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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| CN202010382689.4A Pending CN111425173A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Sand washing and steam injection process for heavy oil well and matching device thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112240187A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-19 | 克拉玛依红山油田有限责任公司 | Sand washing, blockage removing and steam injecting tool |
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| CN1372067A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-10-02 | 中油辽河油田公司特种油开发公司 | Method for thermal producing ultrathick oil by cyclic steam stimulation and special apparatus thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112240187A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-19 | 克拉玛依红山油田有限责任公司 | Sand washing, blockage removing and steam injecting tool |
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