CN111424198A - Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111424198A CN111424198A CN202010271512.7A CN202010271512A CN111424198A CN 111424198 A CN111424198 A CN 111424198A CN 202010271512 A CN202010271512 A CN 202010271512A CN 111424198 A CN111424198 A CN 111424198A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grounding metal, in particular to a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and a manufacturing method thereof. The grounding material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.5% -3.5%, RE: 0.05% -0.2%, B: 0.02% -0.06%, other impurities: less than 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials of each component; smelting, namely sequentially adding raw materials to form a smelting solution; carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid to form a drawing casting rod; hot extrusion, namely carrying out hot extrusion on the casting rod in an extruder to form a hot extrusion piece with a required section; shot blasting, wherein shot blasting is carried out on the hot extrusion piece; and oxidizing, namely placing the hot extruded piece subjected to shot blasting in a warm box for oxidation. The method has the advantages of inhibiting the generation of the aluminum copper theta phase, reducing the cost and avoiding the problem of heavy metal ion pollution of copper to the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grounding metal, in particular to a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
A long-term, reliable and stable grounding system is an important measure for ensuring the stable operation of equipment and the safety of personnel in various industries, and the key of the long-term safe and reliable operation of the grounding system is to select a good grounding material.
At present, as a grounding material, a galvanized steel material, a copper-plated steel material, or a pure copper material is generally used. The manufacturing cost of the galvanized steel is relatively low, but the corrosion resistance of the galvanized steel is poor, the service life is short, and the later maintenance cost is high. Pure copper has good thermal stability, strong conductivity and strong corrosion resistance, but causes electrochemical corrosion to nearby steel structures, and simultaneously, the copper material adopted as the grounding material has higher one-time investment cost and can generate heavy metal ion pollution to the environment. The copper-plated steel has both corrosion resistance and conductivity of copper, moderate cost and high requirement on construction process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and a manufacturing method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material, including: aluminum Al, copper Cu, rare earth elements RE, boron B and other impurities, wherein the contents of the components are as follows:
cu: 2.5% -3.5%, RE: 0.05% -0.2%, B: 0.02% -0.06%, other impurities: less than 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al.
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the grounding material, including the following steps:
step 1: preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component in the grounding material;
step 2: smelting, namely respectively adding copper, rare earth elements and boron raw materials when the aluminum raw materials are to be completely melted to form a smelting solution;
and step 3: carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod;
and 4, step 4: hot extrusion, namely preheating the casting rod and extruding in an extruder to form a hot extrusion part with a required section;
and 5: shot blasting, wherein shot blasting is carried out on the hot extrusion piece;
step 6: and (3) oxidizing, namely placing the hot extruded piece subjected to shot blasting in a warm box, and adjusting the oxidation temperature to oxidize.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the aluminum alloy is adopted as the grounding material, and the defects that the surface oxide has poor conductivity and cannot be used as the grounding material are overcome by adding a small amount of copper in the aluminum; rare earth elements are added into the alloy, so that the effects of refining grains and purifying grain boundaries are achieved; boron is added into the alloy to inhibit the generation of an aluminum-copper theta phase; the shot blasting process eliminates the uneven stress distribution caused by extrusion and plays a role in refining surface grains. In addition, the grounding material can replace pure copper, reduce cost and solve the problem that the copper pollutes the environment by heavy metal ions in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the gold phase of a cast rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electron microscope image of the grounding member after hot extrusion according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a surface topography diagram of the grounding member before shot blasting according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a surface topography of the ground contact after shot blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material. The grounding material comprises aluminum Al, copper Cu, rare earth elements RE, boron B and other impurities, and the contents of the components are as follows:
cu: 2.5% -3.5%, RE: 0.05% -0.2%, B: 0.02% -0.06%, other impurities: less than 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the grounding material. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component in the grounding material;
step 2: smelting, namely respectively adding copper, rare earth elements and boron raw materials when the aluminum raw materials are to be completely melted to form a smelting solution;
and step 3: carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod;
and 4, step 4: hot extrusion, namely preheating the casting rod and extruding in an extruder to form a hot extrusion part with a required section;
and 5: shot blasting, wherein shot blasting is carried out on the hot extrusion piece;
step 6: and (3) oxidizing, namely placing the hot extruded piece subjected to shot blasting in a warm box, and adjusting the oxidation temperature to oxidize.
Alternatively, in the step 1, 99.9% of aluminum ingot is used as the raw material of aluminum, 99.5% of electrolytic copper is used as the raw material of copper, aluminum rare earth is used as the raw material of rare earth elements, and aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is used as the raw material of boron.
Optionally, in the step 2, the smelting temperature is: 50-800 ℃.
Optionally, in the step 3, the drawing casting diameter is 600-1500 mm, and the drawing casting speed is 12-18 cm/min; the temperature of the cooling water is below 25 ℃, and the water amount is 500-1000 m3/h。
Optionally, in step 3, the grain size grade of the cast rod is greater than grade 7 of GB/T6394-2017.
Optionally, in the step 4, the preheating temperature of the casting bar is 400-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 20 min.
Optionally, in the step 4, the composition of the hot extrusion is α + β (Al — Cu solid solution phase) matrix and theta phase (CuAl2 phase), wherein the grain diameter of the theta phase is less than 10 μm, and the total area of precipitated phases is less than 30% of the observed area.
Optionally, in the step 5, the shot-peening treated shot is 20# to 40# glass shot or 0.8mm to 1.0mm steel shot, the peening pressure is 0.15MPa to 0.2MPa, and the peening coverage is 100%.
Optionally, in the step 6, the oxidation temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the oxidation time is 2-3 h.
According to the aluminum alloy grounding material provided by the invention, the defects that the surface oxide has poor conductivity and cannot be used as a grounding material are overcome by adding a small amount of copper in aluminum; rare earth elements are added into the alloy, so that the effects of refining grains and purifying grain boundaries are achieved; boron is added into the alloy to inhibit the generation of an aluminum-copper theta phase; the shot blasting process eliminates the uneven stress distribution caused by extrusion and plays a role in refining surface grains. The grounding material can replace pure copper, reduce cost and solve the problem that the copper pollutes the environment by heavy metal ions in the prior art.
The foregoing is the core idea of the present invention, and the following is a detailed description of the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material and the manufacturing method thereof with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material, and the contents of the components of the grounding material are as follows: 97.42%, Cu: 2.5%, RE: 0.05%, B: 0.02% and 0.01% of impurities.
The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing the grounding material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (4) batching. The materials are mixed according to the content requirements of each component of the grounding material, the raw materials of aluminum and copper respectively adopt 99.9 percent of aluminum ingot and 99.5 percent of electrolytic copper, and the rare earth element and boron are respectively added in the form of aluminum rare earth and aluminum boron intermediate alloy.
Step 2: and (4) smelting. At 50 ℃, when the raw material aluminum is about to be completely melted, the raw materials of copper, rare earth intermediate alloy and boron intermediate alloy are added.
And step 3: and (5) drawing and casting. And (4) carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod. And (4) carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod. The diameter of the casting is 600mm, the casting speed is 12cm/min, the temperature of the cooling water is 25 ℃, and the water quantity is 500m3H is used as the reference value. FIG. 1 is a gold phase diagram of a cast rod, shown as a round rod having a grain size rating of greater than 7 (according to GB/T6394-2017) after casting.
And 4, hot extrusion, preheating the casting rod for 20min at 400 ℃, extruding in an extruder according to requirements, and finally extruding to obtain the grounding body with the required section, after casting and hot extrusion, wherein the components of the material are α + β (Al-Cu solid solution phase) matrix and a small amount of theta phase (CuAl2 phase), and fig. 2 is an electron microscope picture of the grounding body after hot extrusion, wherein the grain diameter of the theta phase is 9 mu m, and the total area of precipitated phases is 28% of the observation area.
And 5: and (4) shot blasting. Shot blasting is carried out on the ground body, the shot is 20# glass shot or 0.8mm steel shot, the shot blasting pressure is set to be 0.15MPa, and the shot blasting coverage rate is 100%. Fig. 3 and 4 are surface topography diagrams of the grounding part under an optical profiler before and after shot blasting, respectively, and it can be seen that the shot blasting process eliminates the uneven stress distribution caused by extrusion and plays a role in refining surface grains.
Step 6: and (4) oxidizing. And (3) putting the ground body subjected to hot extrusion and shot blasting into a warm box, and adjusting the temperature of the warm box to 200 ℃ for oxidation for 3 hours.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material, and the contents of the components of the grounding material are as follows: 95.74%, Cu: 3.5%, RE: 0.2%, B: 0.06% and 0.5% impurity.
The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing the grounding material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (4) batching. The materials are mixed according to the content requirements of each component of the grounding material, the raw materials of aluminum and copper respectively adopt 99.9 percent of aluminum ingot and 99.5 percent of electrolytic copper, and the rare earth element and boron are respectively added in the form of aluminum rare earth and aluminum boron intermediate alloy.
Step 2: and (4) smelting. At 800 ℃, when the raw material aluminum is about to be completely melted, the raw materials of copper, rare earth intermediate alloy and boron intermediate alloy are added.
And step 3: and (5) drawing and casting. And (4) carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod. The diameter of the drawing casting is 1500mm, the drawing casting speed is 18cm/min, the temperature of the cooling water is 20 ℃, and the water quantity is 1000m3H is used as the reference value. The grain size grade of the round rods after the drawing casting is more than 7 (according to GB/T6394-2017).
And 4, hot extrusion, preheating the casting rod at 450 ℃ for 20min, extruding in an extruder according to requirements, and finally extruding into the grounding body with the required section, after the casting and hot extrusion, wherein the components of the material are α + β (Al-Cu solid solution phase) matrix and a small amount of theta phase (CuAl2 phase), the particle diameter of the theta phase is 5 mu m, and the total area of precipitated phases is 25 percent of the observed area.
And 5: and (4) shot blasting. Shot blasting is carried out on the ground body, the shot is 40# glass shot or 1.0mm steel shot, the shot blasting pressure is set to be 0.2MPa, and the shot blasting coverage rate is 100%.
Step 6: and (4) oxidizing. And (3) putting the ground body subjected to hot extrusion and shot blasting into a warm box, and adjusting the temperature of the warm box to 300 ℃ for oxidation for 2 h.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material, and the contents of the components of the grounding material are as follows: 96.61%, Cu: 3%, RE: 0.1%, B: 0.04% and 0.25% of impurities.
The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing the grounding material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (4) batching. The materials are mixed according to the content requirements of each component of the grounding material, the raw materials of aluminum and copper respectively adopt 99.9 percent of aluminum ingot and 99.5 percent of electrolytic copper, and the rare earth element and boron are respectively added in the form of aluminum rare earth and aluminum boron intermediate alloy.
Step 2: and (4) smelting. At 400 ℃, when the raw material aluminum is about to be completely melted, the raw materials of copper, rare earth intermediate alloy and boron intermediate alloy are added.
And step 3: and (5) drawing and casting. And (4) carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod. The diameter of the casting is 1000mm, the casting speed is 15cm/min, the temperature of cooling water is below 15 ℃, and the water quantity is 750m3H is used as the reference value. The grain size grade of the round rods after the drawing casting is more than 7 (according to GB/T6394-2017).
And 4, hot extrusion, preheating the casting rod for 20min at 425 ℃, extruding in an extruder according to requirements, and finally extruding into a grounding body with a required section, wherein after the casting and hot extrusion, the components of the material are α + β (Al-Cu solid solution phase) matrix and a small amount of theta phase (CuAl2 phase), the particle diameter of the theta phase is 3 mu m, and the total area of precipitated phases is 20 percent of the observed area.
And 5: and (4) shot blasting. Shot blasting is carried out on the ground body, the shot is 30# glass shot or 0.9mm steel shot, the shot blasting pressure is set to be 0.18MPa, and the shot blasting coverage rate is 100%.
Step 6: and (4) oxidizing. And (3) putting the ground body subjected to hot extrusion and shot blasting into a warm box, and adjusting the temperature of the warm box to 250 ℃ for oxidation for 2.5 h.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy grounding material is characterized by comprising aluminum Al, copper Cu, rare earth elements RE, boron B and other impurities, wherein the contents of the components are as follows:
cu: 2.5% -3.5%, RE: 0.05% -0.2%, B: 0.02% -0.06%, other impurities: less than 0.5 percent, and the balance of Al.
2. A method for preparing the grounding material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing raw materials of each component according to the content of each component in the grounding material;
step 2: smelting, namely respectively adding copper, rare earth elements and boron raw materials when the aluminum raw materials are to be completely melted to form a smelting solution;
and step 3: carrying out drawing casting on the smelting liquid, and cooling by cooling water to form a drawing casting rod;
and 4, step 4: hot extrusion, namely preheating the casting rod and extruding in an extruder to form a hot extrusion part with a required section;
and 5: shot blasting, wherein shot blasting is carried out on the hot extrusion piece;
step 6: and (3) oxidizing, namely placing the hot extruded piece subjected to shot blasting in a warm box, and adjusting the oxidation temperature to oxidize.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 1, 99.9% of aluminum ingot is used as the raw material of aluminum, 99.5% of electrolytic copper is used as the raw material of copper, aluminum rare earth is used as the raw material of rare earth element, and aluminum boron intermediate alloy is used as the raw material of boron.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the smelting temperature is: 50-800 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the diameter of the die casting is 600 to 1500mm, and the die casting speed is 12 to 18 cm/min; the temperature of the cooling water is below 25 ℃, and the water amount is 500-1000 m3/h。
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, the grain size grade of the cast rod is greater than grade 7 of GB/T6394-2017.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the preheating temperature of the cast rod is 400 to 450 ℃ and the preheating time is 20 min.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4, the composition of the hot extrusion is α + β (Al-Cu solid solution phase) matrix and theta phase (CuAl2 phase), wherein the grain diameter of the theta phase is less than 10 μm, and the total area of the precipitated phases is less than 30% of the observed area.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5, the shot-blasted shot is 20# to 40# glass shot or 0.8 to 1.0mm steel shot, the shot-blasting pressure is 0.15 to 0.2MPa, and the shot-blasting coverage is 100%.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 6, the oxidation temperature is 200 to 300 ℃ and the oxidation time is 2 to 3 hours.
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Application publication date: 20200717 |