CN111423164A - Whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111423164A CN111423164A CN202010248063.4A CN202010248063A CN111423164A CN 111423164 A CN111423164 A CN 111423164A CN 202010248063 A CN202010248063 A CN 202010248063A CN 111423164 A CN111423164 A CN 111423164A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon-aluminum raw material, 35-80 parts of exciting agent, 1-9 parts of crystal whisker and 0.03-0.3 part of dispersing agent; the excitant is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.0-3.5 in a weight ratio of 1: 4-1: 5. The invention adopts the whiskers to modify the geopolymer, the whiskers can effectively fill harmful pores of the geopolymer after being added, the harmful pores are filled in a polymer network structure and play a role of bridging, and the material interface is increased so as to improve the surface energy of a matrix, effectively prevent cracks from generating and expanding, improve the mechanical property of the geopolymer, improve the strength of the geopolymer, and have high strength, good toughness, good high-temperature resistance and high added value of products. The geopolymer main body has rich raw material sources and low cost, realizes effective utilization of industrial solid wastes, and has good economic benefit and environmental protection benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geopolymer, in particular to a whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer, belonging to the technical field of geopolymers.
Background
The geopolymer is an inorganic polymeric aluminosilicate material which is formed by a silica-alumina raw material under the action of an exciting agent through dissolution-monomer reconstruction-polycondensation to form a three-dimensional network framework structure consisting of oxygen atoms shared by silica tetrahedrons and aluminoxy tetrahedrons and has a natural mineral structure in a shell. Compared with the production of ordinary portland cement, the production process of the geopolymer has low energy consumption which is about 30 percent of that of the ordinary portland cement; and the emission of harmful gases is less, CO2The discharge amount is only 9 percent of that of the common Portland cement; meanwhile, industrial waste residues such as fly ash, coal gangue and the like can be greatly utilized. The geopolymer cementing material has the excellent performances of early strength, quick hardening, low permeability, corrosion resistance, good durability and the like, can be applied to the fields of repair, emergency repair, nuclear waste and hazardous substance curing treatment, marine environmental engineering and the like of concrete materials, but has the main problems of high brittleness, easy water loss and cracking during curing and the like. Modification studies have been conducted by the researchers, for example, the patent application No. 201910537921.4 discloses a styrene-acrylic emulsion toughened polymer and a preparation method thereof; the patent application No. 201810203132.2 discloses an epoxy resin toughened metakaolin based polymer and a preparation method thereof; the patent application No. 201611127977.5 discloses a chitosan-modified geopolymer cement; the patent application No. 201910062137.2 discloses an ultra-high toughness geopolymer and a preparation method thereof, wherein a toughening agent is polyvinyl alcohol fiber; and so on. In the above patents or articles, the modifiers used for modifying the geopolymer are all high molecular materials, and the high molecular materials have the defects of easy aging, no high temperature resistance and the like, so that the obtained geopolymer has poor high temperature resistance and mechanical properties; in addition, after the modified geopolymer is hydrated and hardened, a hardened body has more harmful holes with the hole diameter of 50-200 nm, so that the strength is influenced, and the comprehensive performances such as frost resistance, durability and the like are also influencedAnd the popularization and application of geopolymer are restricted.
The whisker is a fiber which is naturally formed or grows in a single crystal form under the condition of artificial control, the diameter of the fiber is in the magnitude of micro-nanometer, the fiber has no defects of grain boundaries, dislocation, cavities and the like, the atomic arrangement is highly ordered, the strength of the fiber is close to the theoretical value of a complete crystal, and the mechanical strength of the fiber is equal to the force between adjacent atoms. The highly oriented structure of the whisker not only enables the whisker to have high strength, high modulus and high elongation, but also has the properties of electricity, light, magnetism, dielectric, electric conduction and super electric conduction. The strength of the whisker is far higher than that of other chopped fibers, and the whisker can be used for manufacturing high-strength composite materials. In the prior art, no report is made on modification of geopolymers by whiskers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of geopolymers in the prior art and provide a whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer and a preparation method thereof.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon-aluminum raw material, 35-80 parts of exciting agent, 1-9 parts of crystal whisker and 0.03-0.3 part of dispersing agent.
The silicon-aluminum raw material is one or a mixture of more than two of metakaolin, coal gangue, fly ash or slag in any proportion.
The whisker is any one of potassium titanate whisker or calcium sulfate whisker.
The excitant is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with a modulus of 3.0-3.5 in a weight ratio of 1: 4-1: 5; more preferably a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass having a modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4.
The dispersant is any one of sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
The preparation method of the whisker toughening and reinforcing polymer comprises the following steps: adding the crystal whisker and the dispersing agent into an exciting agent, mechanically stirring, and then ultrasonically dispersing uniformly to obtain a suspension; adding the silicon-aluminum material into the suspension, slowly stirring for 2-3min at the rotating speed of 10-50r/min, then quickly stirring for 2-3min at the rotating speed of 100-200r/min to obtain slurry, injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, then curing for 20-40h at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95%, demolding, and then continuously curing for 3-28d at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95% to obtain the silicon-aluminum composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the whiskers to modify the geopolymer to prepare the whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer, after the whiskers are added, harmful pores of the geopolymer can be effectively filled in a polymer network structure and play a role of bridging, and the material interface is increased so as to improve the surface energy of a matrix, effectively prevent the generation and the expansion of cracks, improve the mechanical property of the geopolymer, improve the strength of the geopolymer, and have high strength, good toughness, good high temperature resistance and high added value of products. The geopolymer main body has rich raw material sources and low cost, realizes effective utilization of industrial solid wastes, and has good economic benefit and environmental protection benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. In the following examples, potassium titanate whiskers (NP-TW4) and calcium sulfate whiskers (NP-G02-I) were used and purchased from Shanghai Pelargonium composite New Material science and technology Co., Ltd.
Example 1
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash in a weight ratio of 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with a modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 1 part of a crystal whisker (potassium titanate crystal whisker) and 0.3 part of a dispersing agent (calcium lignosulfonate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughening and reinforcing polymer comprises the following steps: adding the crystal whisker and the dispersing agent into an exciting agent, mechanically stirring for 15min, and then ultrasonically dispersing for 30min to obtain a suspension; adding the silicon-aluminum raw material into the suspension, stirring at the rotating speed of 50r/min for 1min, then quickly stirring at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 3min to obtain slurry, injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, then curing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90% for 24h, demolding, and continuously curing at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90% for 28d to obtain the silicon-aluminum composite material.
Example 2
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with a modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 4 parts of crystal whiskers (potassium titanate crystal whiskers) and 0.1 part of a dispersing agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 6 parts of crystal whiskers (potassium titanate crystal whiskers) and 0.15 part of a dispersing agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 5 parts of crystal whiskers (potassium titanate crystal whiskers) and 0.15 part of a dispersing agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 7 parts of crystal whiskers (potassium titanate crystal whiskers) and 0.21 part of a dispersing agent (sodium lignosulfonate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Example 6
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 9 parts of crystal whiskers (calcium sulfate crystal whiskers) and 0.27 part of a dispersing agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Example 7
A polymer for toughening and reinforcing whiskers is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of a silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash is 2:1), 80 parts of an exciting agent (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with the modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4), 5 parts of crystal whiskers (calcium sulfate crystal whiskers) and 0.18 part of a dispersing agent (sodium lignosulfonate).
The preparation method of the whisker toughened and reinforced polymer is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example
A method for preparing a geopolymer: mixing and stirring a water glass solution (modulus is 3.3) and sodium hydroxide at room temperature in a weight ratio of 4:1 until the sodium hydroxide solid is completely dissolved, and standing for 24 hours to obtain an alkali activator; mixing 100 parts by weight of silicon-aluminum raw material (metakaolin: fly ash: 2:1) and 80 parts by weight of alkali activator into slurry, injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, curing for 24 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90%, demolding, and continuously curing for 28 days to obtain the geopolymer sample.
The whisker toughened and reinforced geopolymer prepared in the example and the geopolymer prepared in the comparative example were cured for 28d, and then tested for compressive strength and flexural strength, and the strength after calcination at 800 ℃ was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the geopolymer prepared by the examples of the invention are obviously improved compared with those of the geopolymer of the comparative example, different whiskers are doped into the geopolymer in different mixing amounts, the strength improvement is different, the flexural ratio can reflect the toughness of the product from the side, and the doping of the whiskers can obviously improve the strength and the toughness of the geopolymer. After the geopolymer is calcined at 800 ℃, the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the geopolymer prepared by the embodiment of the invention reach 1 time of those of a comparison sample, and the high temperature resistance of the geopolymer is good.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A whisker toughening and reinforcing geopolymer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of silicon-aluminum raw material, 35-80 parts of exciting agent, 1-9 parts of crystal whisker and 0.03-0.3 part of dispersing agent; the silicon-aluminum raw material is one or a mixture of more than two of metakaolin, coal gangue, fly ash or slag in any proportion; the excitant is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass with a modulus of 3.0-3.5 in a weight ratio of 1: 4-1: 5.
2. The whisker-toughened, reinforced polymer of claim 1, wherein the whiskers are any one of potassium titanate whiskers or calcium sulfate whiskers.
3. The whisker-toughened, reinforced polymer according to claim 1, wherein the activator is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water glass having a modulus of 3.3 in a weight ratio of 1: 4.
4. The polymer for whisker toughening and reinforcement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the dispersant is any one of sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate and sodium dodecylsulfonate.
5. A method for preparing a whisker toughening and reinforcing polymer according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, which is characterized in that whiskers and a dispersing agent are added into an exciting agent, mechanically stirred and then ultrasonically dispersed uniformly to obtain a suspension; adding the silicon-aluminum material into the suspension, slowly stirring for 2-3min at the rotating speed of 10-50r/min, then quickly stirring for 2-3min at the rotating speed of 100-200r/min to obtain slurry, injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, then curing for 20-40h at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95%, demolding, and then continuously curing for 3-28d at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95% to obtain the silicon-aluminum composite material.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112028654A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 深圳大学 | Baking-free geopolymer composite refractory material and preparation method thereof |
CN112390576A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-23 | 武汉工程大学 | Potassium titanate whisker modified high-strength high-hydrophobicity porous geopolymer thermal insulation material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112456890A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-03-09 | 成都含蓬娄环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of durable anti-freezing geopolymer composite material |
CN112979223A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 上海力阳道路加固科技股份有限公司 | Heat-conducting anti-cracking high-ductility geopolymer composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN113480271A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南中大设计院有限公司 | Concrete pavement repairing material |
CN113716908A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-11-30 | 盐城工学院 | Modified calcium sulfate whisker reinforced geopolymer and preparation method thereof |
CN115849783A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-28 | 云南云天化股份有限公司 | Alkali-activated geopolymer cemented gypsum whisker filling material and preparation method thereof |
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CN109987892A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-09 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | One kind is based on flyash-iron tailings geo-polymer fibre reinforced materials and preparation method thereof |
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US20140264140A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | The Catholic University Of America | High-strength geopolymer composite cellular concrete |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112028654A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 深圳大学 | Baking-free geopolymer composite refractory material and preparation method thereof |
CN112028654B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | 深圳大学 | Baking-free geopolymer composite refractory material and preparation method thereof |
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US11873247B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2024-01-16 | Shenzhen University | Uncalcined geopolymer-based refractory material and method for its preparation |
CN112390576A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-23 | 武汉工程大学 | Potassium titanate whisker modified high-strength high-hydrophobicity porous geopolymer thermal insulation material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112456890A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-03-09 | 成都含蓬娄环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of durable anti-freezing geopolymer composite material |
CN112979223A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 上海力阳道路加固科技股份有限公司 | Heat-conducting anti-cracking high-ductility geopolymer composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN113480271A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-08 | 湖南中大设计院有限公司 | Concrete pavement repairing material |
CN113480271B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南中大设计院有限公司 | Concrete pavement repairing material |
CN113716908A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-11-30 | 盐城工学院 | Modified calcium sulfate whisker reinforced geopolymer and preparation method thereof |
CN115849783A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-28 | 云南云天化股份有限公司 | Alkali-activated geopolymer cemented gypsum whisker filling material and preparation method thereof |
CN115849783B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2024-04-12 | 云南云天化股份有限公司 | Alkali-activated geopolymer cemented gypsum whisker filling material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200717 |