CN111421132B - Aluminum powder protection method - Google Patents
Aluminum powder protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421132B CN111421132B CN201911097232.2A CN201911097232A CN111421132B CN 111421132 B CN111421132 B CN 111421132B CN 201911097232 A CN201911097232 A CN 201911097232A CN 111421132 B CN111421132 B CN 111421132B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple preparation method, stable and reliable aluminum powder protection method of product quality, which comprises the following steps: (1) weighing aluminum powder and a protective agent according to the proportion for later use; (2) adding the protective agent into the second solution at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate; (3) mixing and stirring aluminum powder and the first solution uniformly at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate; (4) dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at the temperature of 40-80 ℃; after the second intermediate is dripped, continuously stirring the solution until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated to obtain a third intermediate; (5) and dynamically drying the third intermediate at 40-90 ℃ to obtain the coated particles. The aluminum powder protective coating can effectively protect aluminum powder, the proportion of the protective agent and the aluminum powder can be well controlled, the prepared product is uniformly coated, and the problem of agglomeration of the protective agent cannot occur.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to an aluminum powder protection method.
Background
The aluminum powder has the advantages of low melting point, moderate metal activity, good storage stability, low oxygen consumption, high density, rich raw materials and low cost, and is an ideal energetic metal fuel. At present, aluminum powder is widely applied to high-energy explosives, and the detonation performance of the high-energy explosives can be improved, so that the formula has the characteristics of high detonation heat and high power.
However, in the use process of the aluminum powder, a water-containing use environment is sometimes involved, and the aluminum powder has high surface activity, and is easily oxidized and inactivated when being contacted with water, so that the activity is greatly reduced, and the performance of the aluminum powder used as an energetic material is greatly reduced. Therefore, a layer of waterproof inert film is required to be coated on the surface of the aluminum powder to isolate the metal aluminum powder body from water so as to avoid the inactivation of simple substance aluminum.
Therefore, the application provides an aluminum powder protection method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the aluminum powder protection method which is simple in preparation method, stable in product quality and reliable. The aluminum powder coating device can effectively protect aluminum powder, can better control the proportion of the protective agent to the aluminum powder, and can uniformly coat the prepared product without the problem of agglomeration of the protective agent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aluminum powder protection method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing aluminum powder and a protective agent according to the proportion for later use;
(2) adding the protective agent into the second solution at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate;
(3) mixing and stirring aluminum powder and the first solution uniformly at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate;
(4) dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at the temperature of 40-80 ℃; after the second intermediate is dripped, continuously stirring the solution until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated to obtain a third intermediate;
(5) and dynamically drying the third intermediate at 40-90 ℃ to obtain the coated particles.
The first solution and the second solution are mutually soluble, and the protective agent can be fully dissolved in the second solution.
The first solution, the second solution and the protective agent do not react with the aluminum powder chemically.
The third intermediate was not able to delaminate.
The protectant is insoluble in water.
The protective agent is one or more of paraffin, resin, esters and rubber.
In the steps 2, 3 and 4, the stirring speed is 60-1200 rpm.
And in the step 5, sieving the obtained coated particles to obtain the product.
As mentioned above, in the using process of the aluminum powder, a water-containing using environment is sometimes involved, and since the aluminum powder has high surface activity and is easily oxidized and inactivated when contacting with water, it is important to coat a waterproof inert film on the surface of the aluminum powder.
In order to solve this problem, studies have been made on a method for coating aluminum powder. In the prior art, solid paraffin is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, and then aluminum powder is added into the solution; and then, separating the metal aluminum powder from the liquid phase, passing the separated aluminum powder through a screen, and drying to obtain the aluminum-based composite material. However, this method causes agglomeration to occur, and has a problem of non-uniform packing of the aluminum powder.
Therefore, the application provides a novel aluminum powder protection method. In the method, firstly, aluminum powder and a protective agent are weighed according to the proportion; adding the protective agent into the second solution at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate; mixing and stirring aluminum powder and the first solution uniformly at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate; then, dropwise adding a second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at 40-80 ℃, and after dropwise adding of the second intermediate is completed, continuously stirring the solution until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated to obtain a third intermediate; and finally, dynamically drying the third intermediate at 40-90 ℃ to obtain the coated particles.
In this application, first solution, second solution are as the carrier, and the protective agent is only a wrapping material, as long as satisfy that first solution, second solution are mutual soluble, and the protective agent can fully dissolve in the second solution, can. In the application, the components of the protective agent correspond to the system of the solution, and the selection of the protective agent depends on the use environment; if the final product needs to have oxidation resistance and waterproof performance, paraffin can be used as a protective agent; if the second solution is an organic solvent, the repellent needs to be an organic solvent-insoluble component, for example: if gasoline is used as the second solvent, gasoline-insoluble rubber can be selected as the protective agent. In other words, the types of the first solution and the second solution are not important, as long as the two solutions can form a solution system coated by the aluminum powder and the protective agent, and the aluminum powder does not have the problem of mutual solubility. Preferably, the protective agent is one or more of paraffin, resin, ester, rubber and other water-insoluble substances.
In the application, on one hand, the aluminum powder does not chemically react with the first solution, the second solution and the protective agent, and due to the metal characteristics of the aluminum powder, the aluminum powder is easy to deposit on the premise that the aluminum powder is not coated by the protective agent, so that the aluminum powder needs to be stirred in the process of preparing the first intermediate and the third intermediate; on the other hand, fully dissolving the protective agent in the second solution under the stirring condition to obtain a second intermediate, and dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate; meanwhile, after the second intermediate is dripped, stirring is continuously carried out for a period of time (which can be 0.1-500 hours), so that the protective agent can be completely coated with the aluminum powder; through the improvement, the protective agent can be uniformly coated with the aluminum powder. Meanwhile, the third intermediate cannot be layered, i.e. a block cannot be formed in the solution, mainly cannot be layered, and a homogeneous solution is formed. Preferably, the stirring speed is 60 to 1200 rpm.
Meanwhile, the obtained third intermediate is dynamically dried at 40-90 ℃, and then the coated particles can be obtained. In the application, the prepared product can be coated more compactly by adopting a low-temperature drying mode. By controlling the drying temperature, the drying time can be determined based on the amount of liquid in the third intermediate (i.e., when the drying temperature is determined, the drying time is only related to the evaporation of the solvent). Preferably, the obtained coated particles are sieved to obtain the product.
Here, the inventor takes paraffin as an example of the protective agent, and further explains the principle of the present application as follows: after the second intermediate is added in the form of solution, on a microscopic level, the paraffin and the solvent are mixed on a molecular level, so that the contact between paraffin molecules and aluminum powder is also on the molecular level; only when the concentration of the paraffin reaches a certain value, the paraffin can be completely coated on the surface of the aluminum powder, so that the uniformity of paraffin coating can be ensured; in addition, as the first intermediate forms a dispersed solution, the problem of paraffin agglomeration can be effectively solved, and the defects in the prior art are avoided.
Further, first solution, second solution in this application are because volatilized at the drying step, just can effectively control the proportion of protective agent and aluminite powder, can carry out the ration to the addition of protective agent for the cladding volume of protective agent is controllable on the aluminite powder, thereby guarantees product quality's stability.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of the active aluminum content tests of untreated aluminum powder and aluminum powder protected with the aluminum powder of the present application in water at 55 ℃.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
(I) preparation of the product
Example 1
(1) Aluminum powder and a protective agent are respectively weighed (paraffin is adopted as the protective agent in the embodiment), and the mass ratio of the aluminum powder to the protective agent is 98: and 2, standby.
(2) And adding the protective agent into the second solution (the second solution adopts alkane) at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate.
(3) And (3) mixing and stirring the aluminum powder and the first solution (the first solution adopts alkane) uniformly at 70-80 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate.
(4) And dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at the temperature of 70-80 ℃. And after the second intermediate is dripped, continuously stirring the solution for 2-6h until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated to obtain a third intermediate, wherein the third intermediate is not layered.
(5) And dynamically drying the third intermediate at 70-90 ℃ to obtain the coated particles. And sieving the obtained coated particles to obtain the product.
Wherein in the steps 2, 3 and 4, the stirring speed is 200-300 rpm.
Example 2
(1) Respectively weighing aluminum powder and a protective agent (in the embodiment, the protective agent adopts a titanate coupling agent), wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum powder to the protective agent is 99: 1, standby.
(2) And adding the protective agent into the second solution (the second solution adopts ethyl acetate) at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate.
(3) And (3) mixing and stirring the aluminum powder and the first solution (the first solution adopts alkane) uniformly at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate.
(4) And dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at the temperature of 70-80 ℃. And after the second intermediate is dripped, continuously stirring the solution for 5 hours until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated, so as to obtain a third intermediate, wherein the third intermediate is not layered.
(5) And dynamically drying the third intermediate at 80-90 ℃ to obtain the coated particles. And sieving the obtained coated particles according to the design requirement to obtain the product.
Wherein, in the steps 2, 3 and 4, the stirring speed is 300-500 rpm.
(II) Performance verification
In order to verify the protection performance of the aluminum powder in a short time, water at a certain temperature is adopted to soak the aluminum powder, and constant temperature measures are taken in the soaking process, which are specifically as follows.
Putting aluminum powder into water at 55 ℃, taking out a part of the aluminum powder at intervals, drying the aluminum powder, and measuring the activity of the aluminum powder, wherein the test result is shown in figure 1.
The test result shows that the activity of the untreated aluminum powder (i.e. the sample before treatment in figure 1) is reduced rapidly along with the increase of the storage time of the untreated aluminum powder in water within a certain period of time; with the present invention (i.e., the treated sample in fig. 1), the activity of the aluminum powder after the surface protection treatment is almost unchanged. This shows that this application can realize the effective protection to the aluminium powder.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification, and to any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of steps disclosed.
Claims (5)
1. The aluminum powder protection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing aluminum powder and a protective agent according to the proportion for later use;
(2) adding the protective agent into the second solution at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and fully dissolving the protective agent into the second solution to obtain a second intermediate;
(3) mixing and stirring aluminum powder and the first solution uniformly at 40-80 ℃ to obtain a first intermediate, and continuously stirring the first intermediate;
(4) dropwise adding the second intermediate into the first intermediate under the stirring condition at the temperature of 40-80 ℃; after the second intermediate is dripped, continuously stirring the solution until the protective agent and the aluminum powder are completely coated to obtain a third intermediate;
(5) dynamically drying the third intermediate at 40-90 ℃ to obtain coated particles;
the first solution and the second solution are mutually soluble, and the protective agent can be fully dissolved in the second solution;
the first solution, the second solution and the protective agent do not react with the aluminum powder chemically;
the third intermediate is not capable of delaminating.
2. The method for shielding aluminum powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shielding agent is insoluble in water.
3. The aluminum powder protection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protection agent is one or more of paraffin, resin, ester and rubber.
4. The aluminum powder protection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps (2), (3) and (4), the stirring speed is 60-1200 rpm.
5. The aluminum powder protection method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (5), the obtained coated particles are sieved to obtain a product.
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| CN201911097232.2A CN111421132B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Aluminum powder protection method |
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| CN102581272B (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2014-01-29 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Method for preparing nanometer aluminum composite powder coated with nitro-cotton |
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| CN108176851A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-06-19 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | A kind of metallic aluminium powder coats means of defence |
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