CN111420467A - Polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111420467A
CN111420467A CN202010240092.6A CN202010240092A CN111420467A CN 111420467 A CN111420467 A CN 111420467A CN 202010240092 A CN202010240092 A CN 202010240092A CN 111420467 A CN111420467 A CN 111420467A
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China
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
layer
cellulose acetate
air filter
fiber
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Withdrawn
Application number
CN202010240092.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
侯豪情
程楚云
王�琦
侯翔宇
吕晓义
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JIANGXI ADVANCE NANOFIBER S&T CO Ltd
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JIANGXI ADVANCE NANOFIBER S&T CO Ltd
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Priority to CN202010240092.6A priority Critical patent/CN111420467A/en
Publication of CN111420467A publication Critical patent/CN111420467A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/02—Layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
    • A41D31/245—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof using layered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/02—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/04—Cellulosic plastic fibres, e.g. rayon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, the first layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber powerful supporting layer, the thickness of the supporting layer is 10-50 micrometers, the fiber diameter is 1-5 micrometers, the second layer is an electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber functional supporting layer, the thickness of the supporting layer is 5-10 micrometers, the fiber diameter is 0.5-1.0 micrometers, the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filtering functional layer, the thickness of the supporting layer is 0.5-3.0 micrometers, the fiber diameter is 0.05-0.5 micrometers, the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet has excellent thermal stability and excellent structural design, the differential pressure of the air filter sheet under the air flow velocity of 85L/min is about 205Pa, the thermal decomposition temperature is about 318 ℃, the softening temperature is 182 ℃, the water washing friction resistance is achieved, the average pore size is about 93%, and the interception rate of the functional layer is greater than 0.23 micrometer and the 0.9 micrometer interception rate is greater than 9 micrometer.

Description

Polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Air pollution can not only generate destructive influence on surrounding objects through physical, chemical and biological erosion, but also generate serious toxic action on respiratory tract systems, nervous systems, immunity, skin and the like of people through parts such as respiratory systems, skin epidermis and the like of people. When people live or work in an environment with poor air quality for a long time, the respiratory function is reduced, the respiratory symptoms are aggravated, diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and the like can be caused, and the prevalence rate of lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be increased seriously. For this reason, people often use protective masks to filter and purify inhaled air. At present, the filter sheets of the protective mask are mainly classified into two categories, namely dust prevention and gas defense. They all function to absorb and block harmful aerosols, including dust, smoke, droplets and toxic gases, from human inhalation through the filter. For a good respirator filter, the following three conditions should be present: firstly, the filtering efficiency is high under the condition that the mask is well sealed with the face of a user; secondly, the respiratory resistance is small; thirdly, the user feels comfortable.
However, the conventional protective mask is generally made of polypropylene, polyethylene and the like, and is prepared into a three-layer or single-layer structure in an SM mode, and the effect of filtering micro particles and microorganisms in air is achieved mainly through pores formed by non-woven fabrics. In addition, the filtration is passive filtration, and because the materials are nonpolar raw materials, the filtration effect cannot be further improved by electrostatic force, polar adsorption and other modes for various polar particles. Moreover, conventional SM protective masks are generally symmetrical structures and cannot meet the requirements of high filtration efficiency and low respiratory resistance at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet, which comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber strong support layer, the thickness of the first layer is 10 to 50 μm, and the fiber diameter is 1 to 5 μm; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 5-10 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.5-1.0 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filtering functional layer, the thickness of the third layer is 0.5-3.0 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.05-0.5 mu m.
As a preferable technical scheme, the average pore diameter of the composite fiber functional supporting layer is not higher than 0.3 μm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose acetate, wherein the acetyl content is 38-42 wt%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the preparation raw materials of the first layer and the second layer comprise polyurethane and cellulose acetate, and the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the cellulose acetate is (1: 2) - (2: 1).
As a preferable technical scheme, the hardness of the polyurethane is 90-100 Shore A.
As a preferred technical scheme, the polyurethane is PU98A and/or PU95A of Pasteur Germany.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a spinning solution: respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to a weight ratio, respectively dissolving the raw materials in an organic solvent, or mixing the two raw materials, dissolving the mixture in the organic solvent, and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution and a cellulose acetate spinning solution, or defoaming to obtain a mixed spinning solution;
(2) preparation of three-layer nonwoven fabric: three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on a line in sequence, electrostatic spinning is extruded, and fibers formed by the electrostatic spinning fall on a steel conveyor belt in sequence in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters;
(3) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) introducing the three-layer non-woven fabric obtained in the last step into a drying furnace through a conveyor belt, and removing residual solvent in the fibers at 100-150 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric.
As a preferable technical scheme, the organic solvent comprises acetone, and the weight of the acetone accounts for 40-60 wt% of the weight of the organic solvent.
As a preferable technical scheme, the organic solvent also comprises one or more of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mass concentration of a spinning mixed solution of polyurethane and cellulose acetate for preparing the composite fiber strong supporting layer in the spinning solution in the step one is 24-35 wt%.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fibre air filter as described above in a medical protective mask.
The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet has excellent thermal stability and excellent structural design, so that the air filter sheet has a pressure difference of about 205Pa at an air flow rate of 85L/min, a thermal decomposition temperature of about 318 ℃, a softening temperature of 182 ℃, water boiling resistance, water washing friction resistance, a porosity of about 93 percent, a functional layer average pore diameter of 0.23 micrometer, an interception rate of particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.3 micrometer of more than 99.9 percent, a size structure of the air filter sheet before and after 2 hours of water boiling does not change, and the interception rate of the particles with the particle diameter of more than 0.3 micrometer is still more than 99 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted to include the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.
The invention provides a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc which comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber strong supporting layer, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 10-50 mu m, and the diameter of the fiber is 1-5 mu m; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 5-10 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.5-1.0 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filtering functional layer, the thickness of the third layer is 0.5-3.0 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.05-0.5 mu m.
In some embodiments, the composite fibrous functional support layer has an average pore size of no greater than 0.3 μm.
The diameter of each layer of fiber can be observed by a microscope, and at least 5 groups of average values are measured; the average pore diameter of the functional support layer can be measured by a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope. The specific operation steps are not particularly limited and may be performed according to a method known to those skilled in the art.
The polyurethane in the present invention is a polymer material obtained by polymerization of an isocyanate (e.g., diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)) with a macromolecular polyol (e.g., polyester polyol, polyether polyol, etc.) and a chain extender. The molecular structure of the material is formed by alternately reacting a rigid block obtained by reacting diphenylmethane diisoate (MDI), Toluene Diisoate (TDI) and a chain extender and a flexible chain segment obtained by reacting diphenylmethane diisoate (MDI), Toluene Diisoate (TDI) and macromolecular polyol, has the characteristics of excellent high tension, high tensile force, toughness and aging resistance, and is a mature environment-friendly material. The polyurethane in the invention is a spinning-grade polyurethane material, and can be purchased from the market.
In some embodiments, the polyurethane has a hardness of from 90 to 100Shore A. The hardness in the present invention is measured according to ASTM D2240.
In some embodiments, the polyurethane is selected from PU98A and/or PU95A of basf, germany.
The cellulose acetate CA is a chemically modified natural high polymer obtained by esterifying hydroxyl in cellulose molecules with acetic acid. Acetate cellulose product is warm to the touch, sweat resistant, and self-luminescent, a traditional polymer with a bright color and a syrupy transparent feel. The properties depend on the degree of acetylation.
In some embodiments, the cellulose acetate is an acetylated cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 38 to 42 wt%. Such acetylated cellulose acetates are commercially available, for example, acetyl cellulose 132E018, 132E022, and the like, manufactured by Istman, USA.
The acetyl content of the acetylated cellulose acetate of the present invention is measured as follows:
weighing about 2.0g of the product, precisely weighing, placing in a conical flask,adding 30ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 100ml of acetone, sealing a plug, stirring for 16 hours by using a magnetic stirrer, precisely adding 30ml of sodium hydroxide titration solution (1.0 mol/L), continuously stirring for 6 minutes, standing for 60 minutes, heating 100ml of water, washing the inner wall of an erlenmeyer flask, continuously stirring for 2 minutes, cooling to room temperature, adding 4-5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, titrating to an end point by using hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5 mol/L), precisely dropwise adding 0.5ml of excess hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5 mol/L), stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 30 minutes, titrating to pink by using sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.5 mol/L), and correcting the titration result by using a blank test, wherein each 1ml of hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5 mol/L) is equivalent to 21.525mg of C2H3O。
In some embodiments, the raw materials for preparing the first layer and the second layer comprise polyurethane and cellulose acetate in a mass ratio of (1: 2) to (2: 1).
Further, the mass ratio of the polyurethane to the cellulose acetate is 1: 1.
according to the invention, polyurethane with a specific molecular structure and cellulose acetate with a specific acetylation degree are compounded, and an air filter sheet with a three-layer composite fiber structure is prepared in an electrostatic spinning mode under the action of a specific mixed solvent, meanwhile, the prepared polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet has excellent thermal stability and excellent structural design by changing the thickness and the fiber diameter of each layer and the arrangement mode of each layer, so that the air flow rate of the air filter sheet under 85L/min is 205Pa, the thermal decomposition temperature is about 318 ℃, the softening temperature is 182 ℃, the water boiling and water washing friction resistance, the porosity is 93%, the average pore diameter is 0.23 micrometer, the air flow rate of the air filter sheet is larger than 0.3 micrometer, the interception rate of the air filter sheet is larger than 0.3 micrometer, and the size of the air filter sheet is not smaller than 3.99 micrometers.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a spinning solution: respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to a weight ratio, respectively dissolving the raw materials in an organic solvent, or mixing the two raw materials, dissolving the mixture in the organic solvent, and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution and a cellulose acetate spinning solution, or defoaming to obtain a mixed spinning solution;
(2) preparation of three-layer nonwoven fabric: three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on a line in sequence, electrostatic spinning is extruded, and fibers formed by the electrostatic spinning fall on a steel conveyor belt in sequence in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters;
(3) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) introducing the three-layer non-woven fabric obtained in the last step into a drying furnace through a conveyor belt, and removing residual solvent in the fibers at 100-150 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric.
The spinning solution can be prepared by separately dissolving polyurethane and cellulose acetate in an organic solvent, mixing the solution, standing and defoaming. Or mixing the polyurethane and the cellulose acetate raw materials, adding a solvent, dissolving, standing and defoaming to obtain the spinning solution. The type of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and any solvent capable of dissolving cellulose acetate and polyurethane together can be selected.
In some embodiments, the organic solvent comprises acetone in an amount of 40 to 60 wt% based on the weight of the organic solvent.
Further, the organic solvent also comprises one or more of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
Further, the organic solvent is a mixture of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone, and the mass ratio of the mixture is 1: 1; or a mixture of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and acetone in a mass ratio of 1: 1; or a mixture of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture is 1: 1.
in some embodiments, the mass concentration of the spinning mixture of polyurethane and cellulose acetate used for preparing the composite fiber strong support layer in the spinning solution of the first step is 24-35 wt%.
Further, the absolute viscosity of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution used for preparing the composite fiber strong supporting layer in the spinning solution in the first step is 3.0-8.0 Pa.S.
In some embodiments, three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on one line in sequence, and the second group has two ends, the mass concentration of the mixed liquid of polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite spinning is about 20%, and the absolute viscosity is 1.5-2.5 Pa.S.
In some embodiments, three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on one line in sequence, and the third group of heads has the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution of about 8% and the absolute viscosity of 0.5-1.4 Pa.S.
Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber and polyurethane fiber that the electricity spins and forms fall the non-woven fabrics that forms the three-layer composite structure that the fibre diameter is different on the steel conveyer belt in proper order by layer, remove residual solvent in the fibre under 100 ~ 150 ℃ through the conveyer belt introduction drying furnace, form polyurethane/cellulose acetate composite fiber super air filter, filter area size: 120 x 150-200 x 250cm2。
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fibre air filter as described above in a medical protective mask.
According to the invention, the electrostatic spinning film layers with different fiber sizes are stacked according to fibers with specific diameter sizes, the thicker fiber layer is used as a strong supporting layer as a first layer, the functional superfine fiber is used as a functional supporting layer, and then the nanofiber layer is arranged on the functional superfine fiber to obtain the super air filter, so that the interception rate of the super air filter on particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is more than 99.9 percent, the super air filter is far superior to the filtering effect of an N95 mask on 95 percent interception rate of 0.3 micrometer particles, and the super air filter is suitable for filtering and protecting various particles.
Examples
Example 1: provides a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber airThe filter disc comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is a strong supporting layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 30 micrometers, and the diameter of the fibers is 3.0 micrometers; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 7 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.6 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the third layer is 1.2 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.15 mu m. The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then, three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are sequentially arranged on one line, the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 28 wt% and the absolute viscosity is 5.3 Pa.S; the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 20 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 2.2 Pa.S; and at the third group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 1.0 Pa.S. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter in the embodiment has the advantages that the thermal decomposition temperature is about 318 ℃, the softening temperature is 182 ℃, the water vapor boiling resistance is realized, the water washing friction resistance is realized, the porosity is about 93%, the average pore diameter of the functional layer is 0.23 micrometer, the pressure difference under the air flow rate of 85L/min is about 205 Pa., the interception rate of particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is more than 99.9%, the size structure is not changed before and after the water boiling for 2 hours, and the interception rate of the particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is still more than 99%.
Example 2: the air filter sheet comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is a strong supporting layer of electrospun polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 50 micrometers, and the fiber diameter is 1.5 micrometers; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 5 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.7 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the third layer is 3.0 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.35 mu m. The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then, three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are sequentially arranged on one line, the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 24 wt% and the absolute viscosity is 3.8 Pa.S; the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 22 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 2.4 Pa.S; and at the third group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 12 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 1.4 Pa.S. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc in the embodiment has the advantages that the thermal decomposition temperature is about 322 ℃, the softening temperature is 184 ℃, the water vapor boiling resistance is realized, the water washing friction resistance is realized, the porosity is about 95%, the average pore diameter of the functional layer is 0.20 micrometer, the pressure difference under the air flow rate of 85L/min is about 197 Pa., the interception rate of particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is more than 99.9%, the size structure is not changed before boiling for 2 hours and after boiling, and the interception rate of particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is still more than 99%.
Example 3: the air filter sheet comprises a two-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is a strong supporting layer of electrospun polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 30 micrometers, and the fiber diameter is 3.0 micrometers; the second layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the second layer is 1.2 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.15 mu m. The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then two groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on one line in sequence, the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 28 wt% and the absolute viscosity is 5.3 Pa.S; and at one end of the second group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 1.0 Pa.S. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with two layers of composite structures with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc in the embodiment is resistant to water washing friction, the interception rate of the particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer under the air flow rate of 85L/min is about 86.5% under the pressure difference of 152 Pa., and the interception rate of the particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer after being boiled in water for 2 hours is 81.0%.
Example 4: the air filter sheet comprises a two-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is a functional support layer of electrospun superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers, the thickness of the support layer is 7 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.6 mu m; the second layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the second layer is 1.2 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.15 mu m. The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then two groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on a line in sequence, the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 20 wt% at the first group of two heads, and the absolute viscosity is 2.2 Pa.S; and at one end of the second group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%, and the absolute viscosity is 1.0 Pa.S. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with two layers of composite structures with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The water boiling and washing friction capability of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc in the embodiment is greatly influenced, the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc is not resistant to washing friction, the pressure difference under the air flow rate of 85L/min is about 260 Pa., the interception rate of particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is more than 99.9%, and the interception rate of particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer after 2 hours of water boiling is still more than 88.5%.
Example 5: the preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight proportion, dissolving the raw materials in a 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then, arranging three groups of electrostatic spinning heads on a line in sequence, wherein the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution in the first group is 28 wt%; the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 20 wt% in the second group of two ends; and at the third group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA. The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter in the embodiment is easy to block holes and perform nonuniform spinning in the electrostatic spinning process.
In the air filter sheet of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber in the embodiment, the pressure difference under the air flow rate of 85L/min is about 277 Pa., the interception rate of the particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer is about 82.0%, and the interception rate of the particles with the particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer after being boiled in water for 2 hours is still more than 76.5%.
Example 6: provides a polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc which comprises a three-layer fiber composite structureWherein the first layer is a strong supporting layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 30 mu m, and the diameter of the fibers is 3.0 mu m; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 7 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.6 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the third layer is 1.2 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.15 mu m. The polyurethane is PU98A of Pasteur Germany; the cellulose acetate was acetyl cellulose CA-398-3 (acetyl content 39.8 wt%, viscosity b (sec) 3.00, Tg 180 ℃ C.) manufactured by Istman, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then, arranging three groups of electrostatic spinning heads on a line in sequence, wherein the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution in the first group is 28 wt%; the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 20 wt% in the second group of two ends; and at the third group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter disc in the embodiment has a pressure difference of about 226 Pa. at an air flow rate of 85L/min, and has an interception rate of about 96.5% for particles with a particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer, and the interception rate of the particles with a particle size of more than 0.3 micrometer after being boiled in water for 2 hours is still more than 92.0%.
Example 7: a polyurethane-acetic acid is providedThe cellulose composite fiber air filter comprises a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber strong supporting layer, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 30 mu m, and the diameter of the fiber is 3.0 mu m; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 7 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.6 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filter function layer, the thickness of the third layer is 1.2 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.15 mu m. The polyurethane is Germany Bayer 588E; the cellulose acetate is acetyl cellulose 132E018, manufactured by Istmann, USA.
The preparation method of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter comprises the following steps:
preparing a spinning solution: according to the following steps of 1: 1, respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to the weight ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a mixed solvent (the mass ratio is 1: 1) of 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) and acetone, standing and defoaming to obtain mixed spinning solutions with different mass concentrations; dissolving polyurethane in an NMP organic solvent, standing and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution; then, arranging three groups of electrostatic spinning heads on a line in sequence, wherein the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution in the first group is 28 wt%; the mass concentration of the polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning solution is 20 wt% in the second group of two ends; and at the third group, the mass concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 8 wt%. Polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fibers formed by electrospinning and polyurethane fibers sequentially fall on a steel conveyor belt in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters, the non-woven fabric is introduced into a drying furnace through the conveyor belt to remove residual solvent in the fibers at 130 ℃ to form a polyurethane-cellulose acetate super air filter, and the area size of the filter is as follows: 160 x 200cm2。
In the embodiment, the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet 85L/min has a pressure difference of 218 Pa. and an interception rate of more than 0.3 micron particles of more than 98.5%, and the interception rate of more than 0.3 micron particles after 2 hours of water boiling is still more than 92.5%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may modify or change the technical content of the above disclosure into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but all those simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The air filter disc is characterized by comprising a three-layer fiber composite structure, wherein the first layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane and cellulose acetate composite fiber strong supporting layer, the thickness of the strong supporting layer is 10-50 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 1-5 mu m; the second layer is a functional support layer of composite fibers of electrostatic spinning superfine polyurethane and cellulose acetate, the thickness of the second layer is 5-10 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.5-1.0 mu m; the third layer is an electrostatic spinning polyurethane nanofiber filtering functional layer, the thickness of the third layer is 0.5-3.0 mu m, and the fiber diameter is 0.05-0.5 mu m.
2. The polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter of claim 1 wherein the composite fiber functional support layer has an average pore size of not greater than 0.3 μm.
3. The air filter of claim 1, wherein the cellulose acetate is an acetylated cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 38 to 42 wt%.
4. The air filter sheet of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first layer and the second layer are prepared from raw materials comprising polyurethane and cellulose acetate in a mass ratio of (1: 2) to (2: 1).
5. The air filter of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyurethane has a hardness of 90 to 100Shore A.
6. The method for preparing the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a spinning solution: respectively taking polyurethane and cellulose acetate raw materials according to a weight ratio, respectively dissolving the raw materials in an organic solvent, or mixing the two raw materials, dissolving the mixture in the organic solvent, and defoaming to obtain a polyurethane spinning solution and a cellulose acetate spinning solution, or defoaming to obtain a mixed spinning solution;
(2) preparation of three-layer nonwoven fabric: three groups of electrostatic spinning heads are arranged on a line in sequence, electrostatic spinning is extruded, and fibers formed by the electrostatic spinning fall on a steel conveyor belt in sequence in a layering manner to form a non-woven fabric with a three-layer composite structure with different fiber diameters;
(3) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) introducing the three-layer non-woven fabric obtained in the last step into a drying furnace through a conveyor belt, and removing residual solvent in the fibers at 100-150 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric.
7. The method for preparing the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter sheet according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent comprises acetone, and the weight of the acetone accounts for 40-60 wt% of the weight of the organic solvent.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the organic solvent further comprises one or more of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
9. The method for preparing the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the mass concentration of a polyurethane and cellulose acetate spinning mixture used for preparing the composite fiber strong support layer in the spinning solution of the first step is 24 to 35 wt%.
10. The use of the polyurethane-cellulose acetate composite fiber air filter according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a medical protective mask.
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112877917A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-06-01 上海工程技术大学 Method for manufacturing double-layer efficient air filtering material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112877917A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-06-01 上海工程技术大学 Method for manufacturing double-layer efficient air filtering material

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