CN111416980A - High-resolution camera imaging method based on compressed coded aperture - Google Patents

High-resolution camera imaging method based on compressed coded aperture Download PDF

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CN111416980A
CN111416980A CN202010437720.XA CN202010437720A CN111416980A CN 111416980 A CN111416980 A CN 111416980A CN 202010437720 A CN202010437720 A CN 202010437720A CN 111416980 A CN111416980 A CN 111416980A
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孙瑾秋
孙巍
张�成
朱宇
张艳宁
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-resolution camera imaging method based on a compressed coded aperture, which is used for solving the technical problem of lower imaging resolution of the existing high-resolution imaging method. The technical scheme includes that a set of frequency domain complementary coding aperture templates which enable the evaluation index to be maximum is searched by constructing the evaluation index of the frequency domain complementary coding aperture diaphragm and utilizing a template sequence to perform the processes of selection, intersection and variation, and the templates are mutually complementary among frequency domains, so that images shot through different designed coding aperture diaphragms are guaranteed to retain high-frequency detail information of different components in a scene, and support is provided for detail information recovery. The invention optimally designs a group of coding aperture combinations with complementary frequency domains to replace a single Gaussian coding form at the aperture diaphragm of the traditional optical system, thereby not only widening the spectral range of the aperture of the camera, but also removing redundant information of the coding aperture in frequency response, realizing the acquisition of the maximum information image at the sensing stage and improving the imaging resolution of the image.

Description

High-resolution camera imaging method based on compressed coded aperture
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-resolution imaging method, in particular to a high-resolution camera imaging method based on a compressed coded aperture.
Background
In the camera imaging process, the point spread function formed by the traditional camera aperture is generally of a gaussian-like shape, which shows that high-frequency components are lost in a frequency domain and more points with zero frequency domain are contained. Scene information is incident on the detector through the aperture, and due to the low-pass characteristic of the aperture frequency domain, high-frequency information in the scene can be filtered out, so that the resolution capability of acquiring image details is reduced. However, only the high-frequency information lost in the image capturing stage is recovered by the back-end reconstruction method, which often injects unreal information into the reconstructed image, even causes reconstruction errors such as information confusion. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively design the aperture diaphragm of the camera and an effective reconstruction method, and to recover more high-frequency detail information of the scene by a computational imaging means. At present, the mainstream camera coding aperture design mainly obtains a relatively excellent coding aperture template through random or subjective judgment, and widens the spectrum range of a filter, however, frequency domain response of the coding aperture designed through random or subjective judgment has more redundant information, mutual frequency complementarity is not considered, and the retention capability of scene high-frequency information cannot be maximized. In addition, image reconstruction through sparse representation of an external dictionary generally requires a large amount of external data to train the dictionary, and correlation information between images inside the images and images of coded sequences is not considered, so that reconstruction accuracy is reduced.
The document 'Robust All-in-focus Super-Resolution for Focal Stack Photography [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2016: 1-1.' discloses a focus Stack-based full-focus high-Resolution imaging method, which is based on the data requirement of the rear end and proposes to acquire a scene sequence Image by utilizing complementary information among different sizes of camera aperture frequency domains, utilizes triple interpolation parametric fuzzy kernel projection and applies randon transformation to reconstruct a defocusing fuzzy kernel with any depth, and simultaneously uses L1 norm suppression noise to perform high-Resolution Image reconstruction on the sequence Image, thereby effectively improving the Image Resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the imaging resolution of the conventional high-resolution imaging method is low, the invention provides a high-resolution camera imaging method based on a compressed coded aperture. The method comprises the steps of constructing a frequency domain complementary coding aperture diaphragm evaluation index, utilizing a template sequence to carry out selection, intersection and variation processes, searching a group of frequency domain complementary coding aperture template sets which enable the evaluation index to be maximum, wherein the templates are mutually complementary among frequency domains, so that images shot through different designed coding aperture diaphragms are guaranteed to retain high-frequency detail information of different components in a scene, detail information contained in different image sequences are mutually complementary, and support is provided for detail information recovery. The invention optimally designs a group of coding aperture combinations with complementary frequency domains to replace a single Gaussian coding form at the aperture diaphragm of the traditional optical system, thereby not only widening the spectral range of the aperture of the camera, but also removing redundant information of the coding aperture in frequency response and realizing the acquisition of the maximum information image at the sensing stage. The method fully utilizes the correlation between different coded images and the correlation of image internal blocks to establish a back-end high-resolution image self-similarity reconstruction model, thereby improving the reconstruction precision. The limitation of physical imaging in the aspects of resolution ratio and the like is broken through, and the imaging resolution ratio of the image is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-resolution camera imaging method based on compressed coded aperture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, designing a coded aperture template.
Randomly initializing M L× N binary coding template sequences, stretching each L× N binary coding template into line vectors with the length of L× N according to a line sequence to obtain kMThen repeating the iteration steps 1) -3) G times, after the iteration treatment is finished, selecting L× N coding templates with the maximum complementarity and the number of 0 in the binary codes being more than 50% of the total number as an optimal coding template combination K according to the step 1)MHere, M is 4000, L is 4, N is 169, and G is 1000.
1) And (4) selecting a template sequence.
For each L× N binary code line vector k of inputMIt is first decomposed into L vectors k of size 1 × NMiTransforming it to frequency domain by Fourier transformation to obtain KMiPairs of L KMiMethod for calculating frequency domain complementary size R (K) of coding template by using formula (1)M) Wherein, σ is the noise term value of 0.001, and A is the 1/f image frequency domain prior obtained by carrying out average statistics on the frequency domains of the T images.
Figure BDA0002502915710000021
From the calculated M R (K)M) The first P coding template combinations K corresponding to the binary codes with the maximum frequency domain complementarity and the number of 0 being more than 50 percent of the total number are selectedP400, the P coding template combinations are transformed into the space domain by inverse fourier transform, resulting in kP
2) The template sequences are crossed.
Combining k with the P coding templates selected in the step 1)PRandomly pick 2 sequences k from themi、kjAligning the two sequences according to bits, performing operations on the two sequences bit by bit from left to right, firstly generating a random number r1 of 0-1 before each bit is operated, exchanging the numerical value of the bit of the two sequences if the random number r1 is less than q1, and otherwise, operating the next bit. After each bit of the two sequences is operated from left to right, the operation result is reserved. Repetition ofThe sequence crossing process in the step 2) is carried out until the number of sequences is increased from P to M. Q1 is taken to be 0.2.
3) Template sequence variation.
For M sequences k obtained in step 2)MEach bit in the sequence is processed from left to right, a random number r2 of 0-1 is generated before each bit is processed, if r2 is less than q2, the bit is inverted, otherwise, the bit is not processed and is transferred to the next bit for processing until the whole sequence is processed. Q2 is taken to be 0.05.
And step two, processing the space-time coding camera system.
According to the optimal L× N coding template aperture set K obtained in the step oneMPerforming inverse Fourier transform on the k-space to obtain kMIt is decomposed into L coding templates k with N lengthMiL, each encoding template kMiIs converted into
Figure BDA0002502915710000031
Two-dimensional matrix H ofiL, cutting copper sheets with the same size according to the radius V of the aperture diaphragm of the camera lens, and carrying out encoding on the copper sheets according to L designed encoding aperture templates HiThe pattern is precisely processed, and a template HiPunching the copper sheet at the point with the median value of 1, wherein the side length of each hole is
Figure BDA0002502915710000032
And fixing the processed copper sheets at the aperture diaphragm of the L camera lens to form the coded aperture camera.
The whole set of space-time coding camera system comprises a coded aperture camera at a collecting end and a main control computer at a processing end. The operation process of the system is to transmit the compressed coded image collected by the processed coded aperture camera to a main control computer at the rear end, and the coded image is subjected to perception decoding reconstruction through the main control computer to obtain a high-resolution image.
And step three, collecting compressed coded data.
Fixing the encoding camera on the tripod, adjusting the relevant shooting parameters of the camera and keeping the shooting parameters unchangedAnd (3) L coded lenses of the processed z, wherein the z is 1, the z is used for shooting a real scene by using a coding camera, the scene is marked as I, and a coding template adopted by the z coded lens is kzThen the image acquisition process is
Figure BDA0002502915710000033
Where D is the down-sampling matrix of the camera, BzIn order to encode the image for the compression that is acquired,
Figure BDA0002502915710000034
representing the convolution operation and n is the sensor noise.
At each shooting, respectively using L encoding lenses to collect L compressed and encoded image sequences BzL, then the sequence of images acquired and the set k of encoding templates employed are combinedzAnd transmitting the data to a main control computer for decoding and reconstructing.
And fourthly, high-resolution perception reconstruction.
For compressed coded image sequence B transmitted to main control computerzAnd (5) carrying out step 4) -6) iteration processing, wherein the iteration number is Q-40.
4) And (4) PCA dictionary learning.
For image sequence BzExtracting image blocks with the size of n × n, clustering the image blocks into C classes by using a K-means algorithm, and establishing a PCA dictionary base psi for each classC. Wherein C is 70.
5) Non-local block sparse prior.
To BzThe image is processed to extract image blocks ρ of the image size n × ntFinding an image block ρtIn clustering, using PCA dictionary base psi of the class in which the cluster is locatedCFinding corresponding sparse representation coefficients
Figure BDA0002502915710000041
ΨC' representing dictionary base ΨCThe transposing of (1). For image block rhotAccording to exp (- | ρ) in the image where it is locatedtt,qI | l) find q, q ═ 1,., 12 similar image blocks ρt,qForm a set omegat. For q are similarImage block ρt,qCorresponding sparsity αt,qWeighted summation is carried out according to the formulas (2) and (3) to obtain non-local sparse prior βt. Wherein n is 7.
Figure BDA0002502915710000042
Figure BDA0002502915710000043
6) And solving sparse coefficients.
For each image BzSolving sparse representation coefficients α according to equation (4) optimizationZBased on the obtained coefficient αZThen, the image is reconstructed
Figure BDA0002502915710000044
If the number of iterations<Q, then go to step 4) and order
Figure BDA0002502915710000045
Wherein phiZFor coding a template kzThe convolution is converted into a matrix multiplication expression, and lambda is equal to gamma is equal to 0.5.
Figure BDA0002502915710000046
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of constructing a frequency domain complementary coding aperture diaphragm evaluation index, utilizing a template sequence to carry out selection, intersection and variation processes, searching a group of frequency domain complementary coding aperture template sets which enable the evaluation index to be maximum, wherein the templates are mutually complementary among frequency domains, so that images shot through different designed coding aperture diaphragms are guaranteed to retain high-frequency detail information of different components in a scene, detail information contained in different image sequences are mutually complementary, and support is provided for detail information recovery. The invention optimally designs a group of coding aperture combinations with complementary frequency domains to replace a single Gaussian coding form at the aperture diaphragm of the traditional optical system, thereby not only widening the spectral range of the aperture of the camera, but also removing redundant information of the coding aperture in frequency response and realizing the acquisition of the maximum information image at the sensing stage. The method fully utilizes the correlation between different coded images and the correlation of image internal blocks to establish a back-end high-resolution image self-similarity reconstruction model, thereby improving the reconstruction precision. The limitation of physical imaging in the aspects of resolution ratio and the like is broken through, and the imaging resolution ratio of the image is improved.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The high-resolution camera imaging method based on the compressed coded aperture specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a coded aperture template.
Randomly initializing M L× N binary (only containing 0,1) coding template sequences, stretching each L× N binary coding template into L× N-length row vectors according to a row sequence to obtain kMThen repeating the iteration steps 1) -3) G times, after the iteration treatment is finished, selecting L× N coding templates with the maximum complementarity and the number of 0 in the binary codes being more than 50% of the total number as an optimal coding template combination K according to the step 1)MHere, M is 4000, L is 4, N is 169, and G is 1000.
1) And (4) selecting a template sequence.
For each L× N binary code line vector k of inputMIt is first decomposed into L vectors k of size 1 × NMiTransforming it to frequency domain by Fourier transformation to obtain KMiPairs of L KMiMethod for calculating frequency domain complementary size R (K) of coding template by using formula (1)M) Wherein, σ is the noise term value of 0.001, and A is the 1/f image frequency domain prior obtained by carrying out average statistics on the frequency domains of the T images.
Figure BDA0002502915710000051
From the calculated M R (K)M) The first P coding template combinations K corresponding to the binary codes with the maximum frequency domain complementarity and the number of 0 being more than 50 percent of the total number are selectedP(P1.., 400), converting the P coding template combinations into a spatial domain by inverse fourier transformTo obtain kP(P=1,...,400)。
2) The template sequences are crossed.
Combining k with the P coding templates selected in the step 1)P(P1.., 400), from which 2 sequences k were randomly choseni、kjAligning the two sequences according to bits, performing operations on the two sequences bit by bit from left to right, firstly generating a random number r1 of 0-1 before each bit is operated, exchanging the numerical value of the bit of the two sequences if the random number r1 is less than q1, and otherwise, operating the next bit. After each bit of the two sequences is operated from left to right, the operation result is reserved. Repeating the sequence crossing process in the step 2) until the number of sequences is increased from P to M. Q1 is taken to be 0.2.
3) Template sequence variation.
For M sequences k obtained in step 2)MEach bit in the sequence is processed from left to right, a random number r2 of 0-1 is generated before each bit is processed, if r2 is less than q2, the bit is inverted, otherwise, the bit is not processed and is transferred to the next bit for processing until the whole sequence is processed. Q2 is taken to be 0.05.
And step two, processing the space-time coding camera system.
According to the optimal L× N coding template aperture set K obtained in the step oneMPerforming inverse Fourier transform on the k-space to obtain kMIt is decomposed into L coding templates k with N lengthMi(i ═ 1.. L), each encoding template k is codedMi(i ═ 1.. L) to
Figure BDA0002502915710000061
Two-dimensional matrix H ofi(i-1.. L.) copper sheets with the same size are cut according to the radius V of the aperture diaphragm of the camera lens, and the copper sheets are subjected to L designed coded aperture templates HiPattern (i ═ 1.. L) was subjected to precision machining, and a template H was usedi(i-1.. L) punching the copper sheet at a point with a median of 1, wherein each hole has a side length of one side
Figure BDA0002502915710000062
Square of (2). Respectively fixing the processed copper sheetsAt L camera lens aperture stops, a coded aperture camera is constructed.
The whole set of space-time coding camera system comprises a coded aperture camera at a collecting end and a main control computer at a processing end. The operation process of the system is to transmit the compressed coded image collected by the processed coded aperture camera to a main control computer at the rear end, and the coded image is subjected to perception decoding reconstruction through the main control computer to obtain a high-resolution image.
And step three, collecting compressed coded data.
Fixing the encoding camera on a tripod, adjusting relevant shooting parameters of the camera and keeping the camera unchanged, replacing a processed z (z is 1,.. L) encoding lens, and shooting a real scene by using the encoding camera, wherein the scene is I, and an encoding template adopted by the z (z is 1,.. L) encoding lens is kzThen the image acquisition process is
Figure BDA0002502915710000063
Where D is the down-sampling matrix of the camera, BzIn order to encode the image for the compression that is acquired,
Figure BDA0002502915710000064
representing the convolution operation and n is the sensor noise.
At each shooting, respectively using L encoding lenses to collect L compressed and encoded image sequences Bz(z 1.. L), and then the sequence of images acquired and the set k of encoding templates employedzAnd transmitting the data to a main control computer for decoding and reconstructing.
And fourthly, high-resolution perception reconstruction.
For compressed coded image sequence B transmitted to main control computerz(z-1.. L) performing the steps 4) -6) of iteration processing, wherein the number of iterations is Q-40.
4) And (4) PCA dictionary learning.
For image sequence Bz(z ═ 1.. L) image blocks of size n × n are extracted, the image blocks are grouped into classes C using the K-means algorithm, and a PCA dictionary base Ψ is established for each classC. Wherein C is 70.
5) Non-local block sparse prior.
To Bz(z 1.. L) image processing, and extracting image block ρ of n × n image sizetFinding an image block ρtIn clustering, using PCA dictionary base psi of the class in which the cluster is locatedCFinding corresponding sparse representation coefficients
Figure BDA0002502915710000071
ΨC' representing dictionary base ΨCThe transposing of (1). For image block rhotAccording to exp (- | ρ) in the image where it is locatedtt,q| | l) find q (q ═ 1.., 12) similar image blocks ρt,qForm a set omegat. For q (q ═ 1.., 12) similar image blocks ρt,qCorresponding sparse αt,qWeighted summation is carried out according to the formulas (2) and (3) to obtain non-local sparse prior βt. Wherein n is 7.
Figure BDA0002502915710000072
Figure BDA0002502915710000073
6) And solving sparse coefficients.
For each image Bz(z 1.. L) optimizing and solving sparse representation coefficients α according to equation (4)ZBased on the obtained coefficient αZThen, the image is reconstructed
Figure BDA0002502915710000074
If the number of iterations<Q, then go to step 4) and order
Figure BDA0002502915710000075
Wherein phiZFor coding a template kzThe convolution is converted into a matrix multiplication expression, and lambda is equal to gamma is equal to 0.5.
Figure BDA0002502915710000076

Claims (1)

1. A high resolution camera imaging method based on compressed coded aperture, comprising the steps of:
designing a coded aperture template;
randomly initializing M L× N binary coding template sequences, stretching each L× N binary coding template into line vectors with the length of L× N according to a line sequence to obtain kMThen repeating the iteration steps 1) -3) G times, and after the iteration treatment is finished, selecting L× N coding templates with the maximum complementarity and the number of 0 in the binary codes being more than 50 percent of the total number as an optimal coding template combination K according to the step 1)MWherein, M is 4000, L is 4, N is 169, G is 1000;
1) selecting a template sequence;
for each L× N binary code line vector k of inputMIt is first decomposed into L vectors k of size 1 × NMiTransforming it to frequency domain by Fourier transformation to obtain KMiL pairs of KMiMethod for calculating frequency domain complementary size R (K) of coding template by using formula (1)M) Wherein, the value of the noise term is 0.001 for sigma, and the frequency domain prior of the 1/f image obtained by carrying out average statistics on the frequency domains of the T images is A;
Figure FDA0002502915700000011
from the calculated M R (K)M) The first P coding template combinations K corresponding to the binary codes with the maximum frequency domain complementarity and the number of 0 being more than 50 percent of the total number are selectedP400, the P coding template combinations are transformed into the space domain by inverse fourier transform, resulting in kP
2) Crossing template sequences;
combining k with the P coding templates selected in the step 1)PRandomly pick 2 sequences k from themi、kjAligning the two sequences according to bits, operating the two sequences bit by bit from left to right, firstly generating a random number r1 of 0-1 before each bit is operated, and exchanging the number of the bit of the two sequences if the random number r1 is less than q1Value, otherwise, operating on the next bit; after each bit of the two sequences is operated from left to right, the operation result is reserved; repeating the sequence crossing process in the step 2) until the number of sequences is increased from P to M; taking q1 as 0.2;
3) template sequence variation;
for M sequences k obtained in step 2)MProcessing each bit from left to right, generating a random number r2 of 0-1 before each bit is processed, if r2 is less than q2, inverting the bit, otherwise, not processing the bit, and switching to the next bit for processing until the whole sequence is processed; taking q2 as 0.05;
step two, processing the space-time coding camera system;
according to the optimal L× N coding template aperture set K obtained in the step oneMPerforming inverse Fourier transform on the k-space to obtain kMIt is decomposed into L coding templates k with N lengthMiL, each encoding template kMiIs converted into
Figure FDA0002502915700000021
Two-dimensional matrix H ofiAnd i is equal to 1.. L, cutting copper sheets with the same size according to the radius V of the aperture diaphragm of the camera lens, and carrying out design on the copper sheets according to L coded aperture templates HiThe pattern is precisely processed, and a template HiPunching the copper sheet at the point with the median value of 1, wherein the side length of each hole is
Figure FDA0002502915700000022
Fixing the processed copper sheets at the aperture diaphragm of the L camera lens to form a coded aperture camera;
the whole set of space-time coding camera system comprises a coded aperture camera at an acquisition end and a main control computer at a processing end; the operation flow of the system is that the compressed coded image collected by the processed coded aperture camera is transmitted to a main control computer at the rear end, and the coded image is subjected to perception decoding reconstruction through the main control computer to obtain a high-resolution image;
thirdly, collecting compressed coded data;
fixing a coding camera on a tripod, adjusting relevant shooting parameters of the camera and keeping the camera unchanged, replacing processed z-th and z-1.. L coding lenses, and shooting a real scene by using the coding camera, wherein the scene is marked as I, and a coding template adopted by the z-th coding lens is kzThen the image acquisition process is
Figure FDA0002502915700000023
Where D is the down-sampling matrix of the camera, BzIn order to encode the image for the compression that is acquired,
Figure FDA0002502915700000024
representing a convolution operation, n is sensor noise;
at each shooting, respectively using L encoding lenses to collect L compressed and encoded image sequences BzL, then the sequence of images acquired and the set k of encoding templates employed are combinedzTransmitting to a main control computer for decoding and reconstruction processing;
step four, high-resolution perception reconstruction;
for compressed coded image sequence B transmitted to main control computerzCarrying out step 4) -6) iteration processing, wherein the iteration number is Q-40;
4) learning a PCA dictionary;
for image sequence BzExtracting image blocks with the size of n × n, clustering the image blocks into C classes by using a K-means algorithm, and establishing a PCA dictionary base psi for each classC(ii) a Wherein C is 70;
5) non-local block sparse prior;
to BzThe image is processed to extract image blocks ρ of the image size n × ntFinding an image block ρtIn clustering, using PCA dictionary base psi of the class in which the cluster is locatedCFinding corresponding sparse representation coefficients
Figure FDA0002502915700000025
ΨC' representing dictionary base ΨCTransposing; for image block rhotIn the image where it is locatedIn accordance with exp (- | ρ)tt,qI | l) find q, q ═ 1,., 12 similar image blocks ρt,qForm a set omegat(ii) a For q similar image blocks ρt,qCorresponding sparsity αt,qWeighted summation is carried out according to the formulas (2) and (3) to obtain non-local sparse prior βt(ii) a Wherein n is 7;
Figure FDA0002502915700000031
Figure FDA0002502915700000032
6) solving sparse coefficients;
for each image BzSolving sparse representation coefficients α according to equation (4) optimizationZBased on the obtained coefficient αZThen, the image is reconstructed
Figure FDA0002502915700000033
If the number of iterations<Q, then go to step 4) and order
Figure FDA0002502915700000034
L, where ΦZFor coding a template kzConverting from convolution to a representation of matrix multiplication, λ ═ γ ═ 0.5;
Figure FDA0002502915700000035
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