CN111416114A - Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111416114A CN111416114A CN202010328877.9A CN202010328877A CN111416114A CN 111416114 A CN111416114 A CN 111416114A CN 202010328877 A CN202010328877 A CN 202010328877A CN 111416114 A CN111416114 A CN 111416114A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sio
- calcium carbonate
- microspheres
- multilayer structure
- hollow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical class [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 calcium carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011806 microball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is realized by the following steps: calcium carbonate microspheres are used as a template, a silicon source is used for hydrolyzing the surface of the calcium carbonate microspheres and wrapping the calcium carbonate microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2(ii) a Calcium carbonate @ SiO2Putting the microspheres into high-concentration polymer solution, and coating a layer of polymer material on the surfaces of the microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2@ macromolecular compound; calcium carbonate @ SiO2@ high scoreTransferring the product to a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, performing high-temperature sintering at 800-1200 ℃ in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, transferring the product to an acid solution, and further washing to remove impurities to obtain the hollow Si @ C composite structure material; respectively coating the hollow Si @ C composite structure material with SiO2And treating the layer and the oligomer layer under the hydrothermal condition of 160-200 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, washing the product with water to obtain the multilayer structure composite microsphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery cathode materials, in particular to a nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microBall and its preparation method and application.
Background
The lithium ion battery has good safety, economy and stability. In recent years, the battery pack has been widely used in the fields of mobile phones, computers, power batteries and the like. However, the conventional lithium ion battery has a low energy density limit, so that the improvement of the simple graphite-based negative electrode material is urgently needed. For the improvement strategy, the currently studied method is to carry out compounding, for example, silicon-carbon composite materials represented by silicon element show better application prospect.
Specifically, chinese patent CN108899484A discloses a method for preparing a carbon-coated hollow silicon tube as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: preparing a zinc oxide nanorod, adding sodium alginate into a zinc acetate solution, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH, and performing hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nanorod zinc oxide; coating a silicon dioxide layer on the surface of the zinc oxide by utilizing the hydrolysis action of tetraethoxysilane, and dissolving the zinc oxide by using acid; coating a carbon layer on the surface of silicon dioxide by using acetylene as a carbon source through a chemical vapor deposition method, and reducing the silicon dioxide into monocrystalline silicon through a magnesiothermic reduction method to obtain the carbon-coated hollow silicon tube. For example, CN106450192A discloses a silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion batteries, and a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the field of materials science. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, silicon powder and a template agent are filled in a carbon precursor, the template agent is dissolved after the carbon is pyrolyzed, and a large number of holes are left in the carbon precursor, so that the silicon is uniformly dispersed in the porous carbon matrix. CN105006549A discloses a carbon-silicon composite lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein Si is used as a core, and the outer surface of the Si is tightly coated with a layer of SiO2Layer of SiO2The hollow layer is arranged between the layer and the outermost layer C cladding layer, the mass percentage of the inner core Si in the composite material is 30-70%, and the composite material is published in 2016 by Xuelian university Xuelian L iu2The @ Chollow sphere elastomers for lithium-ion batteries uses template agent, then coats a layer of silicon oxide on the template agent, coats a layer of high molecular material after passing through a template agent, and finally carries out high-temperature pyrolysis treatmentCarbonizing the high molecular material into a carbon coating layer to obtain hollow SiO2@ C hollow sphere.
In addition, there is a need for similar work to study the structure of silicon carbon composites and their properties. However, the above documents do not solve the cycling stability and specific capacity of the silicon-carbon composite material well, which is far from the theoretical capacity of silicon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2The target product prepared by the method has a nano structure, a hollow structure is introduced, a multi-layer surface composite structure is adopted, and the prepared silicon-carbon composite material is applied to a lithium ion battery cathode.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere comprises the following steps:
step 1: calcium carbonate microspheres are used as a template, a silicon source is used for hydrolyzing the surface of the calcium carbonate microspheres and wrapping the calcium carbonate microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2;
Step 2: calcium carbonate @ SiO obtained in step 12Putting the microspheres into high-concentration polymer solution, and coating a layer of polymer material on the surfaces of the microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2@ macromolecular compound;
and step 3: calcium carbonate @ SiO in step 22The @ polymer is transferred into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace and is sintered at high temperature of 800-1200 ℃ in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere;
and 4, step 4: transferring the high-temperature sintering product obtained in the step 3 into an acidic solution, and further washing and removing impurities to obtain a hollow Si @ C composite structure material;
and 5: respectively coating the hollow Si @ C composite structure material obtained in the step 4 with SiO2The layer and the oligomer layer are treated under the hydrothermal condition of 160-200 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, the product is washed by water to obtain the target product nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C duoThe layer structure composite microsphere.
Preferably, the silicon source in the present invention is one selected from TEOS and sodium silicate.
Preferably, the polymer in the present invention is one of PVA, PVP and PS.
Preferably, the acidic solution in the present invention refers to one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
Preferably, the oligomer in the present invention refers to one of glucose, sucrose or fructose.
Preferably, the hydrothermal treatment time in the invention is 16-28 h.
Preferably, the silicon source in the present invention is hydrolyzed on the surface of calcium carbonate, specifically by the following steps:
uniformly mixing deionized water, ammonia water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then uniformly mixing the absolute ethyl alcohol and TEOS; slowly adding the latter solution into the former solution, stirring at room temperature for reaction, washing, and drying to obtain the calcium carbonate compound wrapped with silicon oxide.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the deionized water to the ammonia water to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 5-8: 1-2: 80-90; the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the TEOS is 20-30: 1.
In this step, the above-mentioned parameter ratios are interrelated, and any deviation from the above-mentioned ratios will not result in a uniform coating, or even if a uniform coating is obtained, a coating of appropriate thickness will not be obtained, too thin a coating will result in too small a void volume to buffer the volume change, too thick a coating will result in not good mechanical stability of the final silicon carbon structure and a reduction in the volumetric specific energy density of the composite.
Preferably, when the hydrogen-argon mixed gas is used for carbonizing the high polymer material, due to the existence of the reducing atmosphere, silicon oxide can be reduced into a silicon simple substance, the condition that a large amount of energy is needed in a traditional magnesium thermal reduction method is avoided, the internal template agent calcium carbonate can be heated and decomposed, and due to overflow of a product carbon dioxide, a plurality of mesoporous and microporous structures are formed on a surface coating layer for pore forming, so that the hydrogen-argon mixed gas plays a good role in transmission of electrolyte, and the improvement of the performance of the battery is facilitated.
Preferably, the invention is followed by coating with SiO2Layer and after forming the coated carbon layer, the composite material is made to exist Si/SiO2Composite structure, but different from the conventional Si/SiO2A carbon layer is arranged between the inner parts of the composite structure, and the carbon layer can improve the conductivity of the composite material and inhibit the volume expansibility of the composite material in the circulation process on the one hand, so that the composite structure has a good effect.
Preferably, after acid washing, the template agent which is not removed from the hollow interior is further washed out, and the perfect hollow structure can preferentially relieve the volume expansion effect.
In a word, the product can effectively improve the capacity and the cycling stability of the product due to the buffer effect of the hollow structure and the surface carbon on the volume change and the multilayer composite nano structure, so that the product is applied to the field of lithium ion batteries and shows good cycling stability and specific capacity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention takes calcium carbonate as a template agent to prepare nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO through multilayer coating carbonization2The @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere has good cycle stability and specific capacity.
2. The preparation method is simple and efficient, and is easy to realize large-scale production.
3. The invention uses hydrogen-argon mixed gas for reduction, avoids the traditional magnesium thermal reduction method and uses different carbon sources, and is beneficial to the formation of a carbon coating layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of calcium carbonate as a templating agent used in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a battery performance test map of the product in the example of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail for the purpose of making the technical content of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, but it should be noted that the description is illustrative only and not construed as limiting the present invention.
Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere comprises the following steps:
step 1: calcium carbonate microspheres are used as a template, a silicon source is used for hydrolyzing the surface of the calcium carbonate microspheres and wrapping the calcium carbonate microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2;
Step 2: calcium carbonate @ SiO obtained in step 12Putting the microspheres into high-concentration polymer solution, and coating a layer of polymer material on the surfaces of the microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2@ macromolecular compound;
and step 3: calcium carbonate @ SiO in step 22The @ polymer is transferred into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace and is sintered at high temperature of 800-1200 ℃ in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere;
and 4, step 4: transferring the high-temperature sintering product obtained in the step 3 into an acidic solution, and further washing and removing impurities to obtain a hollow Si @ C composite structure material;
and 5: respectively coating the hollow Si @ C composite structure material obtained in the step 4 with SiO2The layer and the oligomer layer are treated under the hydrothermal condition of 160-200 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, the product is washed by water to obtain the target product nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Example 1
Adding 50M L deionized water, 10M L ammonia water and 800M L absolute ethyl alcohol into calcium carbonate microspheres serving as a template agent, then mixing 200M L absolute ethyl alcohol and 10M L TEOS, then dropwise adding the mixed solution into the solution at the speed of 5M L/min, filtering out a product after the reaction is finished, mixing the product to be dry, transferring the product into a PVP solution with the concentration of 20% by weight, continuously stirring and dispersing and wrapping, then separating and placing the product into a high-temperature sintering furnace, performing high-temperature carbonization and reduction at 1200 ℃ under a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, taking out the product after the reaction is finished, placing the product into a 1M hydrochloric acid solution for further washing and removing impurities, drying the product, and wrapping SiO again2After the coating is finished, the mixture is transferred into a sucrose solution to be continuously stirred and coated, and after the mixture is stirred for 2 hours, the mixture is transferred into a hydrothermal reactionThe reaction is carried out in a kettle at 180 ℃ for 20 h. After the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the product is centrifugally washed and dried to obtain the final product of the nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Example 2
Adding 50M L deionized water, 10M L ammonia water and 800M L absolute ethyl alcohol into calcium carbonate microspheres serving as a template agent, then mixing 200M L absolute ethyl alcohol and 10M L TEOS, then dropwise adding the mixed solution into the solution at the speed of 5M L/min, filtering out a product after the reaction is finished, mixing the product to be dry, transferring the product into 15% wt PVA solution, continuously stirring and dispersing and wrapping, then separating and placing the product into a high-temperature sintering furnace, performing high-temperature carbonization and reduction at 1100 ℃ under the mixed atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, taking out the product after the reaction is finished, placing the product into 1M hydrochloric acid solution, further washing and removing impurities, drying the product, and wrapping SiO in a wrapping mode again2And after the coating is finished, transferring the mixture into a sucrose solution, continuously stirring and coating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 2 hours, and transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to react for 20 hours at 180 ℃. After the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the product is centrifugally washed and dried to obtain the final product of the nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Example 3
Adding 60M L deionized water, 10M L ammonia water and 900M L absolute ethyl alcohol into calcium carbonate microspheres serving as a template agent, then mixing 200M L absolute ethyl alcohol and 10M L TEOS, then dropwise adding the mixed solution into the solution at the speed of 5M L/min, filtering out a product after the reaction is finished, mixing the product to be dry, transferring the product into a PS solution with the concentration of 10% by weight, continuously stirring, dispersing and wrapping, then separating and placing the product into a high-temperature sintering furnace, performing high-temperature carbonization and reduction at 1200 ℃ under a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, taking out the product after the reaction is finished, placing the product into a 1M hydrochloric acid solution for further washing and removing impurities, drying the product, and wrapping SiO again2After the coating is finished, the mixture is transferred into a sucrose solution to be continuously stirred and coated, and after the mixture is stirred for 2 hours, the mixture is transferred into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to react for 18 hours at 190 DEG C. After the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the product is centrifugally washed and dried to obtain the final product of the nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Example 4
Adding 50M L deionized water, 15M L ammonia water and 850M L absolute ethyl alcohol into calcium carbonate microspheres serving as a template agent, mixing 300M L absolute ethyl alcohol and 10M L TEOS, dropwise adding the mixed solution into the solution at the speed of 3M L/min, filtering out a product after the reaction is finished, drying the product, transferring the dried product into a PVP solution with the concentration of 20% by weight, continuously stirring, dispersing and wrapping the product, separating the product, placing the product into a high-temperature sintering furnace, performing high-temperature carbonization and reduction at 1200 ℃ under a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, taking out the product after the reaction is finished, placing the product into 1M nitric acid solution for further washing to remove impurities, drying the product, and wrapping SiO in the product again2And after the coating is finished, transferring the mixture into a sucrose solution, continuously stirring and coating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 2 hours, and transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to react for 20 hours at 180 ℃. After the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the product is centrifugally washed and dried to obtain the final product of the nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Example 5
Adding 60M L deionized water, 10M L ammonia water and 800M L absolute ethyl alcohol into calcium carbonate microspheres serving as a template agent, then mixing 200M L absolute ethyl alcohol and 10M L TEOS, then dropwise adding the mixed solution into the solution at the speed of 3M L/min, filtering out a product after the reaction is finished, mixing the product to be dry, transferring the product into a PVP solution with the concentration of 20% by weight, continuously stirring and dispersing and wrapping, then separating and placing the product into a high-temperature sintering furnace, performing high-temperature carbonization and reduction at 1200 ℃ under a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, taking out the product after the reaction is finished, placing the product into a 0.5M sulfuric acid solution for further washing and removing impurities, drying the product, and wrapping SiO again2And after the coating is finished, transferring the mixture into a sucrose solution, continuously stirring and coating the mixture, stirring the mixture for 2 hours, and transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle to react for 20 hours at 180 ℃. After the reaction is finished, the reaction is carried outNaturally cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, centrifugally washing and drying the product to obtain the final product of the nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
Claims (9)
1. Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: calcium carbonate microspheres are used as a template, a silicon source is used for hydrolyzing the surface of the calcium carbonate microspheres and wrapping the calcium carbonate microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2;
Step 2: calcium carbonate @ SiO obtained in step 12Putting the microspheres into high-concentration polymer solution, and coating a layer of polymer material on the surfaces of the microspheres to form calcium carbonate @ SiO2@ macromolecular compound;
and step 3: calcium carbonate @ SiO in step 22The @ polymer is transferred into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace and is sintered at high temperature of 800-1200 ℃ in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere;
and 4, step 4: transferring the high-temperature sintering product obtained in the step 3 into an acidic solution, and further washing and removing impurities to obtain a hollow Si @ C composite structure material;
and 5: respectively coating the hollow Si @ C composite structure material obtained in the step 4 with SiO2The layer and the oligomer layer are treated under the hydrothermal condition of 160-200 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, the product is washed by water to obtain the target product nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
2. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 12The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the silicon source is selected from one of TEOS or sodium silicate.
3. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 12The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the polymer is one of PVA, PVP and PS.
4. A nanohole as in claim 1Core Si @ C @ SiO2The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the acidic solution is one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
5. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 12The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the oligomer refers to one of glucose, sucrose or fructose.
6. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 12The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment time is 16-28 h.
7. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 12The preparation method of the @ C multilayer structure composite microsphere is characterized in that the volume ratio of deionized water to ammonia water to absolute ethyl alcohol is 5-8: 1-2: 80-90; the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the TEOS is 20-30: 1.
8. The nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 72@ C multilayer structure composite microspheres.
9. The nano-scale hollow Si @ C @ SiO of claim 82The application of the @ C multilayer structure composite microspheres in the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010328877.9A CN111416114A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010328877.9A CN111416114A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111416114A true CN111416114A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
Family
ID=71493613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010328877.9A Pending CN111416114A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111416114A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112038618A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-04 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | Nano silicon powder polymeric sphere composite negative electrode material with hollow structure and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112044372A (en) * | 2020-09-19 | 2020-12-08 | 复旦大学 | Hollow titanium dioxide @ carbon composite microsphere and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-04-23 CN CN202010328877.9A patent/CN111416114A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112038618A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-04 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | Nano silicon powder polymeric sphere composite negative electrode material with hollow structure and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112044372A (en) * | 2020-09-19 | 2020-12-08 | 复旦大学 | Hollow titanium dioxide @ carbon composite microsphere and preparation method thereof |
CN112044372B (en) * | 2020-09-19 | 2022-06-21 | 复旦大学 | Hollow titanium dioxide @ carbon composite microsphere and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108172787B (en) | Monodisperse hollow nano silicon/carbon sphere and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN106887569A (en) | A kind of new structure graphene coated nano silicon particles and preparation method thereof | |
CN112582615A (en) | One-dimensional porous silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof | |
Yang et al. | Carbon dioxide solid-phase embedding reaction of silicon-carbon nanoporous composites for lithium-ion batteries | |
CN110137465B (en) | Carbon @ Fe2O3@ carbon microsphere composite material and application thereof | |
CN107611416A (en) | A kind of Si-C composite material, its preparation method and application | |
CN110729480A (en) | Nitrogen-doped porous hollow carbon sphere and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN112310377B (en) | Battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof | |
CN114122397B (en) | Carbon nanotube-connected double-carbon-layer-coated mesoporous silica composite material and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN110429264B (en) | Method for preparing rice hull-based negative electrode material | |
CN103779544A (en) | Preparation method of porous silicon/carbon composite material | |
CN111446431A (en) | Method for enhancing interface contact of silicon-oxygen-carbon cathode material of lithium ion battery through oxygen transfer reaction | |
CN111416114A (en) | Nano hollow Si @ C @ SiO2@ C multilayer structure composite microsphere and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN104091952A (en) | Novel negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method of negative electrode material | |
CN114975976B (en) | Nano-silicon-inlaid three-dimensional honeycomb carbon composite anode material and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN112607741A (en) | Titanium oxide coated porous hollow silicon ball, preparation method and application thereof | |
CN112768672A (en) | Method for preparing graphite-based Si @ C negative electrode material by taking micro silicon powder as Si source | |
CN106848282B (en) | Negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN114023948B (en) | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery | |
CN113611826B (en) | Silicon-tin/carbon embedded porous composite anode material and preparation method thereof | |
CN111584838B (en) | Porous silicon/silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN113998700A (en) | Method for preparing Si/SiC @ C anode material by using micro silicon powder as raw material | |
WO2023217240A1 (en) | Cavity-customized carbon-silicon composite material, and preparation method therefor and use thereof | |
CN114975924B (en) | Two-dimensional mesoporous silicon@carbon negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof | |
CN114105145B (en) | Carbon-coated three-dimensional porous silicon anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200714 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |