CN111414661B - Design method for forming strip-shaped curved surface building skin by using straight line profile - Google Patents
Design method for forming strip-shaped curved surface building skin by using straight line profile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a building deviceThe technical field of meters provides a design method for forming a strip-shaped curved building skin by using a linear profile. The method comprises correspondingly projecting upper boundary projection and lower boundary projection of upper boundary line and lower boundary line of strip curved surface on XY plane, and measuring length L of the upper boundary projection and lower boundary projection Upper part And L Lower part(s) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N+1 cutting points which are correspondingly connected with the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line by straight line segments are used for obtaining N+1 profile axes; the axial line and the long side direction of each section bar are determined, a series of continuously-changed section bars can be generated by arranging in an XYZ space coordinate system, and the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated; by adopting the design method, the installation position of the section bar can be determined by analyzing the geometric information of the strip-shaped curved surface, a series of continuously-changed section bar sequences are formed, and the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated, so that the strip-shaped curved surface building skin is formed, the linear section bar is convenient to produce and disassemble, and curved surface building skins with different forms can be conveniently assembled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building design, and particularly relates to a design method for a strip-shaped curved building skin formed by linear profiles.
Background
In some building design types, such as temporary exhibition buildings or ornamental buildings, in order to improve ornamental and overall visual effects, the building skin is not a single upright type, but a strip-shaped curved surface with high modeling sense and artistry is adopted, the strip-shaped curved surface is ribbon-shaped and consists of an upper boundary line, a lower boundary line and two side edges, the upper boundary line is close to the lower boundary line in length, the strip-shaped curved surface extends along the length direction and consists of a plurality of sections of curved surfaces with different curvatures, the strip-shaped curved surface can be generated through model software, and the strip-shaped curved surface is much more complicated than the conventional single plane or cambered surface in shape. At present, the design of the curved building skin has limitation, even if a strip-shaped curved surface can be modeled in a computer, the actual surface area is large, and even if the surface area can be covered by an elastic integrally-formed skin material, the surface area has the problem of weak durability or poor visual smoothness and attractiveness, and a unit body which is easy to produce in batches and has strong durability needs to be searched for and spliced together in a specific mode. In the prior art, linear sectional materials are commonly used for splicing to form a planar building skin, but how to adopt the linear sectional materials to splice the strip-shaped curved surface building skin with high quality is a technical problem to be solved; and how to design and display patterns on the formed strip-shaped curved building skin is also a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method for forming a strip-shaped curved surface building skin by using linear sectional materials, which adopts sectional materials to assemble and form the strip-shaped curved surface building skin.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a design method for constructing a strip-shaped curved building skin by using a linear profile comprises the following steps:
in an XYZ space coordinate system, the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface correspondingly project an upper boundary projection and a lower boundary projection on an XY plane, and the length of the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection is measured to be L Upper part And L Lower part(s) ；
Let the width of the profile be w and the gap between the profiles be s, then the spacing of the profile axes d=w+s, the strip-shaped curved surface can be divided into N parts by the profile, n= (L) Upper part +L Lower part(s) ) 2d, wherein N is rounded down;
n equally dividing the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection to obtain N-1 equally dividing points respectively, taking a normal plane of the equally dividing points, correspondingly dividing an upper boundary line and a lower boundary line by the normal plane of the equally dividing points of the upper boundary projection and the normal plane of the equally dividing points of the lower boundary projection, obtaining N-1 dividing points respectively on the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line, adding respective starting points and dead points, and obtaining N+1 dividing points respectively on the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line;
n+1 cutting points which are correspondingly connected with the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line by straight line segments are used for obtaining N+1 profile axes;
in the XYZ space coordinate system, the tangent vector of each tangent point of the upper boundary line is obtained to be t i (i=1, 2, 3..n+1), the tangent vector of the lower boundary line at each of the cut points is found to be r i (i＝1，2，3...N+1)；
v i ＝t i /|t i |+r i /|r i I, a plane perpendicular to the ith axis is made in the XYZ space coordinate system such that v i The direction obtained by projection on the plane is the long side direction of the section bar;
the axial line and the long side direction of each section bar are determined, a series of continuously-changed section bars can be generated by arranging in an XYZ space coordinate system, and the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated.
Optionally, the strip-shaped curved surface is generated by the following steps:
drawing an intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XY plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XY plane, and drawing an intended upper boundary XZ plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XZ plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XZ plane;
extruding the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary of the intention along the Z direction to form a first curved surface, extruding the projection line of the XZ plane of the upper boundary of the intention along the Y direction to form a second curved surface, and intersecting the first curved surface to obtain an upper boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface;
directly lofting the upper boundary line and the projection line of the XY plane of the intention lower boundary to obtain a curved surface III;
extruding the projection line of the XZ plane of the lower boundary of the intention into a fourth curved surface along the Y direction, cutting the lower section of the third curved surface of the fourth curved surface, and finally generating a strip-shaped curved surface.
Optionally, the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line are each formed by a plurality of arc segments and straight line segments, the total number of the arc segments and the straight line segments of the two is the same, wherein the straight line segments are discontinuously arranged, the adjacent two arc segments are tangentially arranged, the adjacent arc segments and the straight line segments are tangentially arranged, the intersection point of the adjacent two arc segments is a cutting point, the intersection point of the adjacent arc segments and the straight line segments is also a cutting point, the normal line of the cutting point of the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line is intersected with the cutting point of the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line, or the normal line of the cutting point of the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line is intersected with the cutting point of the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line.
Optionally, an array hole is arranged on gaps among the plurality of sections and the sections for displaying the display pattern, the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern is determined, the transverse quantity h and the vertical quantity i of the holes are corresponding to the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern and are in direct proportion to the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern, the transverse quantity h and the vertical quantity i of the holes are used as the resolution to carry out gray sampling in the display pattern, and the diameter of the holes is in direct proportion to the gray sampling value.
Optionally, the radius of the holes is r, m rows of holes are formed in the surface of the profile, gaps among the profiles blank 1 row of holes, and the transverse distance between the centers of the holes is a;
wherein a= (w+s)/(m+1), r < [ w-a ] (m-1) ]/2.
Optionally, the included angle θ between the axis of the profile and the XY plane is obtained from the position of the axis of the profile in the XYZ space coordinate system, and the vertical distance between the centers of the holes is b=a/sin θ.
Compared with the prior art, the method for designing the strip-shaped curved surface has the advantages that the geometric information analysis is carried out on the strip-shaped curved surface, the installation position of the section bar can be determined, the section bars with different lengths are adopted, the inclination angle and the length of each section bar are adjusted to enable the section bars to be arranged along the strip-shaped curved surface, a series of continuously-changed section bar sequences are formed, the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated, and accordingly the strip-shaped curved surface building skin is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of intent projection lines in the XY plane and XZ plane;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upper boundary line obtained by intersecting a curved surface I and a curved surface II;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a curved surface;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a curved surface with four cut curved surfaces;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a resulting ribbon-shaped curved surface;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an intended upper boundary XY-plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XY-plane projection line portion;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of upper and lower boundary projections of a strip surface;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a boundary line on a normal plane cut of an bisection point of an upper boundary projection;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of defining a profile axis;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the longitudinal direction of the section of the definite form;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a profile placement hole and a gap blanking hole between profiles;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the vertical spacing arrangement of the centers of the holes;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an array of holes in a curved building skin.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be understood that the depicted embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a design method for forming a strip-shaped curved surface building skin by using a linear profile, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, generating a strip-shaped curved surface:
as shown in fig. 1, drawing an intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XY plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XY plane, wherein the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line extend along the X direction and fluctuate in the Y direction, and the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line are adjacently arranged and can intersect; drawing an intention upper boundary XZ plane projection line and an intention lower boundary XZ plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XZ plane, wherein the intention upper boundary XZ plane projection line and the intention lower boundary XZ plane projection line extend along the X direction and fluctuate in the Z direction; drawing appearance characteristics conforming to the strip-shaped curved surface through the intended upper boundary XY plane projection line, the intended lower boundary XY plane projection line, the intended upper boundary XZ plane projection line and the intended lower boundary XZ plane projection line, thereby determining the contour of the strip-shaped curved surface;
as shown in fig. 2, extruding the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary in the Z direction to form a first curved surface, extruding the projection line of the XZ plane of the upper boundary in the Y direction to form a second curved surface, and intersecting the first curved surface to obtain an upper boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface;
as shown in fig. 3, directly lofting the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary line and the lower boundary of the intention to obtain a curved surface III;
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the projection line of the intended lower boundary XZ plane is extruded into a fourth curved surface along the Y direction, and the fourth curved surface is cut from the lower section of the third curved surface, so as to finally generate a strip-shaped curved surface.
In addition to the above-described method of producing a strip-shaped curved surface, the strip-shaped curved surface may be produced by producing a first curved surface intersection surface to obtain an upper boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface, extruding an intended lower boundary XY plane projection line in the Z direction to produce a fifth curved surface, extruding an intended lower boundary XZ plane projection line in the Y direction to produce a sixth curved surface, producing a lower boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface by extruding the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line directly, and producing a strip-shaped curved surface by lofting the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line.
As shown in fig. 6, the intended upper-boundary XY plane projection line and the intended lower-boundary XY plane projection line are each composed of a plurality of arc segments or a plurality of straight line segments, the total number of the arc segments and the straight line segments of the two are the same, wherein the straight line segments are not continuously arranged, the adjacent two arc segments are tangentially arranged, the adjacent arc segments and the straight line segments are tangentially arranged, the intersection point of the adjacent two arc segments is a cutting point, the intersection point of the adjacent arc segments and the straight line segments is also a cutting point, and the purpose of the arrangement is that the inflection points of the intended upper-boundary XY plane projection line and the intended lower-boundary XY plane projection line do not appear, if the inflection points appear, the inflection points are unfavorable for generating smooth and smooth curved surfaces, and the intended upper-boundary XZ plane projection line and the intended lower-boundary XZ plane projection line can be drawn according to the description above; the normal line of the tangent point of the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary is intersected with the tangent point of the projection line of the XY plane of the lower boundary, or the normal line of the tangent point of the projection line of the XY plane of the lower boundary is intersected with the tangent point of the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary, so that each section of the projection line of the XZ plane of the upper boundary and each section of the projection line of the XZ plane of the lower boundary can be corresponding, the strip-shaped curved surface can be intercepted by any horizontal plane, and the obtained curved surface is approximate to an arc, which is beneficial to the subsequent profile arrangement.
The axis and the long side direction of the profile are then determined in the strip-shaped curved surface:
as shown in fig. 7, in the XYZ space coordinate system, the strip-shaped curved surface extends in the X direction as the length direction, the strip-shaped curved surface fluctuates in the Y direction, the strip-shaped curved surface extends in the Z direction as the height direction, the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface correspondingly project an upper boundary projection and a lower boundary projection on the XY plane, the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection are close to the start and stop point of the XY plane, and the length of the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection is measured to be L Upper part And L Lower part(s) ；
Let the width of the profile be w and the gap between the profiles be s, then the spacing of the profile axes d=w+s, the strip-shaped curved surface can be divided into N parts by the profile, n= (L) Upper part +L Lower part(s) ) And/2 d, wherein N is rounded downwards, i.e. if the obtained N value is 100.5, N is 101, and if the effect of the building skin formed by the profile is expected to be more similar to that of a strip-shaped curved surface, the corresponding w value and s value are required to be relative to L Upper part +L Lower part(s) The value is lower, so that the value of N is higher;
as shown in fig. 8, N equally dividing the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection to obtain N-1 equally divided points, and making a normal plane of the equally divided points, where the normal plane of the equally divided points of the upper boundary projection and the normal plane of the equally divided points of the lower boundary projection correspondingly divide the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line, the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line obtain N-1 dividing points, and the starting point and the dead point are added, and the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line obtain n+1 dividing points;
as shown in fig. 9, n+1 cutting points, which are correspondingly connected with the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line, are used for obtaining n+1 profile axes, and the strip-shaped curved surface is divided in this way, so that the position of the profile axes is obtained;
as shown in fig. 10, in the XYZ space coordinate system, the tangent vector of each tangent point giving rise to the upper boundary line is t i (i=1, 2, 3..n+1), the tangent vector of the lower boundary line at each of the cut points is found to be r i (i＝1，2，3...N+1)；
v i ＝t i /|t i |+r i /|r i I, in XYZ space coordinate SystemMaking a plane perpendicular to the ith axis, |t i I is t i Is |r i I is r i Is t i /|t i I is unit vector, r i /|r i I is also the unit vector, v i At t i And r i In the middle direction of (c) such that v i The direction obtained by projection on the plane perpendicular to the ith axis is the long side direction of the section bar;
the axial line and the long side direction of each section bar are determined, and the inclination angle of the section bar in the XYZ space coordinate system is determined so that the section bar is as close to the arrangement of the strip-shaped curved surface as possible, and a series of continuously-changed section bars can be generated in the XYZ space coordinate system, so that the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 13, after the curved building skin is generated, the following method may be used to present a display pattern on the curved building skin: setting array holes on gaps among a plurality of sectional materials for presenting a display pattern, determining the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern, wherein the transverse quantity h and the vertical quantity i of the holes are in direct proportion to the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern, if the actual pixel resolution of the display pattern is 1000 x 1000, the quantity of the holes can be 500 x 500, 500 x 500 pixel points are correspondingly acquired on the display pattern, gray sampling is carried out in the display pattern by taking the transverse quantity h and the vertical quantity i of the holes as the resolution, and the diameter of the holes is in direct proportion to the gray sampling value; the holes are arranged in an array on the building skin, the diameters of the holes are related to the gray sampling value of the display pattern, if the gray sampling value is larger, the diameters of the holes are larger, and because gaps exist between the sections, a part of the holes are in a blanking state in the gaps between the sections, and the display pattern is displayed only by the holes on the sections.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 11: the radius of the holes is r, m rows of holes are formed in the surface of the profile, gaps among the profiles blank 1 row of holes, and the transverse distance between the centers of the holes is a;
wherein a= (w+s)/(m+1), r < [ w-a ] (m-1) ]/2, the holes cannot intersect, and the holes cannot extend from the profile. Holes are formed in the plurality of sections, the holes with different sizes are integrally displayed with a display pattern, the display pattern is necessarily discontinuous due to the existence of gaps between the sections, but the gaps between the sections cannot blank too many rows of holes, otherwise, the discontinuous pattern is particularly obvious, and the preferable scheme is that the gaps between the sections blank 1 row of holes, so that the discontinuous display pattern can be relieved, and if the display effect of the display pattern is better, the m can be correspondingly and properly increased.
Further, as shown in fig. 12, the included angle θ between the axis of the profile and the XY plane is obtained from the position of the axis of the profile in the XYZ space coordinate system, and the vertical distance between the centers of the holes is b=a/sin θ. The inclination angles of the plurality of sectional materials forming the curved surface building skin are inconsistent, if the vertical opening intervals of the different sectional materials are kept equal, the finally presented display pattern locally generates a visual effect of uneven compression or stretching in the vertical direction, so that in order to restore the original image as much as possible from the visual effect, when each sectional material is vertically opened, the vertical interval is adjusted according to the included angle theta between the axis of the sectional material and the XY plane, and the vertical interval of the center of the hole presents an effect of interval a on the vertical plane.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A design method for forming a strip-shaped curved surface building skin by using a linear profile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
in the XYZ space coordinate system, the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface correspondingly project an upper boundary projection and a lower boundary on an XY planeProjection, measuring the length L of the two Upper part And L Lower part(s) ；
Let the width of the profile be w and the gap between the profiles be s, then the spacing of the profile axes d=w+s, the strip-shaped curved surface being divided by the profile into N parts, n= (L) Upper part +L Lower part(s) ) 2d, wherein N is rounded down;
n equally dividing the upper boundary projection and the lower boundary projection to obtain N-1 equally dividing points respectively, taking a normal plane of the equally dividing points, correspondingly dividing an upper boundary line and a lower boundary line by the normal plane of the equally dividing points of the upper boundary projection and the normal plane of the equally dividing points of the lower boundary projection, obtaining N-1 dividing points respectively on the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line, adding respective starting points and dead points, and obtaining N+1 dividing points respectively on the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line;
n+1 cutting points which are correspondingly connected with the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line by straight line segments are used for obtaining N+1 profile axes;
in the XYZ space coordinate system, the tangent vector of each tangent point of the upper boundary line is obtained to be t i (i=1, 2, 3..n+1), the tangent vector of the lower boundary line at each of the cut points is found to be r i (i＝1，2，3...N+1)；
v i ＝t i /|t i |+r i /|r i I, a plane perpendicular to the ith axis is made in the XYZ space coordinate system such that v i The direction obtained by projection on the plane is the long side direction of the section bar;
the axial line and the long side direction of each section bar are determined, a series of continuously-changed section bars can be generated by arranging in an XYZ space coordinate system, and the visual effect of the strip-shaped curved surface is simulated.
2. The design method for the strip-shaped curved building skin formed by using the linear profile according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: the strip-shaped curved surface is generated by the following steps:
drawing an intended upper boundary XY plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XY plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XY plane, and drawing an intended upper boundary XZ plane projection line and an intended lower boundary XZ plane projection line of the strip-shaped curved surface on an XZ plane;
extruding the projection line of the XY plane of the upper boundary of the intention along the Z direction to form a first curved surface, extruding the projection line of the XZ plane of the upper boundary of the intention along the Y direction to form a second curved surface, and intersecting the first curved surface to obtain an upper boundary line of the strip-shaped curved surface;
directly lofting the upper boundary line and the projection line of the XY plane of the intention lower boundary to obtain a curved surface III;
extruding the projection line of the XZ plane of the lower boundary of the intention into a fourth curved surface along the Y direction, cutting the lower section of the third curved surface of the fourth curved surface, and finally generating a strip-shaped curved surface.
3. The design method for the strip-shaped curved building skin formed by using the linear profile according to claim 2, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: the X-Y plane projection line of the upper boundary and the X-Y plane projection line of the lower boundary are respectively formed by a plurality of circular arc sections and straight line sections, the total number of the circular arc sections and the straight line sections of the X-Y plane projection line of the upper boundary and the X-Y plane projection line of the lower boundary is the same, the straight line sections are not continuously arranged, the adjacent two circular arc sections are tangentially arranged, the adjacent circular arc sections and the straight line sections are tangentially arranged, the intersection point of the adjacent circular arc sections is a cutting point, the intersection point of the adjacent circular arc sections and the straight line sections is also a cutting point, and the normal line of the cutting point of the X-Y plane projection line of the upper boundary is intersected with the cutting point of the X-Y plane projection line of the lower boundary or the normal line of the cutting point of the X-Y plane projection line of the lower boundary is intersected with the cutting point of the X-Y plane projection line of the upper boundary.
4. The design method for the strip-shaped curved building skin formed by using the linear profile according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that array holes are formed in gaps among a plurality of sectional materials and the sectional materials and used for displaying display patterns, actual pixel resolution of the display patterns is determined, the transverse quantity h of the holes and the vertical quantity i of the holes are corresponding to the actual pixel resolution of the display patterns and are in direct proportion to the actual pixel resolution of the display patterns, gray scale sampling is conducted in the display patterns by taking the transverse quantity h of the holes and the vertical quantity i of the holes as resolution, and the diameter of the holes is in direct proportion to the gray scale sampling value.
5. The method for designing the strip-shaped curved building skin by using the linear profile according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the radius of the holes is r, m rows of holes are formed in the surface of the profile, gaps among the profiles blank 1 row of holes, and the transverse distance between the centers of the holes is a;
wherein a= (w+s)/(m+1), r < [ w-a ] (m-1) ]/2.
6. The design method for the strip-shaped curved building skin formed by using the linear profile according to claim 5, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: the included angle theta between the axis of the profile and the XY plane is obtained from the position of the axis of the profile in the XYZ space coordinate system, and the vertical distance between the centers of the holes is b=a/sin theta.
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