CN111413472A - Method for measuring transpiration rate of fruit tree canopy structure - Google Patents
Method for measuring transpiration rate of fruit tree canopy structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111413472A CN111413472A CN202010332767.XA CN202010332767A CN111413472A CN 111413472 A CN111413472 A CN 111413472A CN 202010332767 A CN202010332767 A CN 202010332767A CN 111413472 A CN111413472 A CN 111413472A
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- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001339 epidermal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/28—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the transpiration rate of a fruit tree canopy structure, which comprises the following steps: (1) sampling: selecting a branch on the canopy of the fruit tree to be tested, winding a wire on the branch of the branch so as to be hung conveniently, and then quickly cutting off the branch; (2) weighing, namely rapidly placing the cut branches on a weighing instrument for weighing, and recording time and weight; (3) transpiration: and quickly putting the weighed branches back to the original positions, clamping the branches on the original mother branches through clamps, or fixing the branches on the original mother branches through wire ends connected to the branches in a winding manner, so that the branches are transpired in the original environment. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure is simple, convenient to operate, low in cost and convenient to popularize and use, the transpiration rate is measured quickly, measured data are accurate, a user can know the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy conveniently, irrigation is carried out reasonably, reasonable utilization of water resources is guaranteed, waste is avoided, and normal growth of fruit trees is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transpiration rate, in particular to a method for measuring the transpiration rate of a fruit tree canopy structure.
Background
Transpiration is the process by which water on the surface of a plant (mainly leaves) is released into the air in the form of water vapor. Transpiration is different from evaporation in physics, the transpiration effect is influenced by the external environment and also can be regulated and controlled by plants, so the transpiration effect is more complicated than the evaporation effect, the transpiration effect is irrelevant to the size of the plants, and even if seedlings still can transpire, the process that moisture is dissipated outwards from the overground part of the plants in a water vapor state is called the transpiration effect. There are two ways of losing water from the plant body to the atmosphere, one is to escape the body in a liquid state, e.g. spitting water; another way is to escape the gas phase from the body, i.e. transpiration, which is the main way a plant loses water, transpiration occurs in three places, stomata: the air holes are distributed on the leaves and the green stems, water is evaporated from plant cells, water vapor diffuses to the outside through the air holes, and about 90% of water is dissipated through the air holes in dense plants; horny layer: water evaporates at the cell wall of the epidermal cell and passes through the stratum corneum covering the leaves and green stem, and depending on the thickness of the stratum corneum, about 10% of the water is lost through this pathway; skin hole: even though the water vapor is dissipated through the bark holes on the wood stems, the water vapor is the main dissipation path of the water of the trees after leaves fall, the water vapor has small water dissipation proportion under the general condition, and the plants can be prevented from being burnt by the transpiration in the unusual hot weather, but the plants suitable for the hot weather have other more effective heat-resistant means.
In the prior art, a method for measuring the transpiration rate of a fruit tree canopy structure is lacked, so that the water loss of the fruit tree canopy cannot be determined, the fruit tree cannot be irrigated reasonably, the waste of water resources is easily caused, and the growth and development of the fruit tree are easily influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for measuring the transpiration rate of a crown layer structure of a fruit tree, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure comprises the following steps:
(1) sampling: selecting a branch on the canopy of the fruit tree to be tested, winding a wire on the branch of the branch so as to be hung conveniently, and then quickly cutting off the branch;
(2) weighing, namely rapidly placing the cut branches on a weighing instrument for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(3) transpiration: quickly putting the weighed branches back to the original positions, clamping the branches on the original mother branches through clamps, or fixing the branches on the original mother branches through wire ends connected to the branches in a winding manner, so that the branches are transpired in the original environment;
(4) weighing: after 3-5 minutes, quickly taking down the branches, putting the branches on an electronic top-loading balance again for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(5) area measurement: calculating the leaf area of the measured branches by a leaf area meter, and recording the numerical value of the leaf area;
(6) calculating the transpiration rate: by the formula:and calculating the transpiration rate of the blade.
Preferably, the weight of the branches is 20-30 g when the samples are taken in the step (1), so that the transpiration water amount of the branches is close to 1 g in 3-5 minutes, and the water loss amount is not more than 10% of the water content.
Preferably, the weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) can be one of an electronic top load balance and a tray torsion balance, and the sensing quantity of the weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) is 0.01 g.
Preferably, in the weighing process in the step (2) and the step (4), a weighing instrument needs to be placed in a windproof glass box for use, so that the wind power is not influenced during weighing, and the weighing accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the leaf area meter in the step (5) is a hand-held leaf area meter, consists of a grab handle, a scanner, a scanning plate and a QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system, is a portable leaf area meter which is convenient to use and can work in the field, can accurately, quickly and harmlessly measure the leaf area and related parameters of leaves, and can also measure the area of picked plant leaves and other flaky objects.
Preferably, the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can accurately and quickly measure leaf area, leaf circumference, leaf length and leaf width indexes, the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can intelligently measure single leaves and multiple leaves, count parameters such as total leaf area, average leaf length, average leaf width, average length-width ratio and average leaf circumference, and can quickly determine lesion leaf area and insect damage leaf area in a grading manner and perform grading analysis on leaf color.
Preferably, in the process of measuring the transpiration rate, the branches of the canopy of the fruit tree to be measured can be collected for multiple times, the steps (1) to (6) are repeated, the transpiration rate is calculated, the average value is obtained, the accuracy of the measured value is improved, and then when the transpiration rate is measured, the measurement can be carried out in multiple time periods, such as the measurement in the morning, at noon, at evening and at night.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure is simple, convenient to operate, low in cost and convenient to popularize and use, the transpiration rate is measured quickly, measured data are accurate, a user can conveniently measure and know the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy, irrigation is carried out reasonably, reasonable utilization of water resources is guaranteed, waste is avoided, and normal growth of the fruit tree is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure comprises the following steps:
(1) sampling: selecting a branch on the canopy of the fruit tree to be tested, winding a wire on the branch of the branch so as to be hung conveniently, and then quickly cutting off the branch;
(2) weighing, namely rapidly placing the cut branches on a weighing instrument for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(3) transpiration: quickly putting the weighed branches back to the original positions, clamping the branches on the original mother branches through clamps, or fixing the branches on the original mother branches through wire ends connected to the branches in a winding manner, so that the branches are transpired in the original environment;
(4) weighing: after 3-5 minutes, quickly taking down the branches, putting the branches on an electronic top-loading balance again for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(5) area measurement: calculating the leaf area of the measured branches by a leaf area meter, and recording the numerical value of the leaf area;
(6) calculating the transpiration rate: by the formula:and calculating the transpiration rate of the blade.
When the sampling in the step (1) is carried out, the weight of the selected branches is 20-30 g, so that the transpiration water volume of the branches is close to 1 g in 3-5 minutes, and the water loss is not more than 10% of the water content.
The weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) can be one of an electronic top load balance and a tray torsion balance, the sensing quantity of the weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) is 0.01 g, and in the weighing process in the step (2) and the step (4), the weighing instrument needs to be placed in a windproof glass box for use, so that the weighing is not influenced by wind power, and the weighing accuracy is improved.
The leaf area meter in the step (5) is a handheld leaf area meter and comprises a grab handle, a scanner, a scanning board and a QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system, and the portable leaf area meter is convenient to use and can work in the field, can accurately, quickly and nondestructively measure the leaf area and related parameters of leaves, and can also perform area measurement on picked plant leaves and other sheet-shaped objects, the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can accurately and quickly measure the leaf area, the leaf circumference, the leaf length and the leaf width indexes, the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can intelligently measure single leaves and multiple leaves, count the parameters such as the total leaf area, the average leaf length, the average leaf width, the average length-width ratio and the average leaf circumference, and can also quickly measure the lesion leaf area, the worm damage leaf area and perform grading analysis on leaf color.
In the process of measuring the transpiration rate, the branches of the canopy of the fruit tree to be measured can be collected for multiple times, the steps (1) to (6) are repeated, the transpiration rate is calculated, the average value is obtained, the accuracy of the measured value is improved, and then when the transpiration rate is measured, the measurement can be carried out in multiple time periods, such as the measurement is carried out in the morning, at noon, at evening and at night.
In the application of the invention, the method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure is simple in distribution, convenient to operate, low in cost and convenient to popularize and use, the transpiration rate is quickly measured, the measured data is accurate, a user can conveniently connect the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy, irrigation is reasonably carried out, reasonable utilization of water resources is guaranteed, waste is avoided, and normal growth of the fruit tree is guaranteed.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) sampling: selecting a branch on the canopy of the fruit tree to be tested, winding a wire on the branch of the branch so as to be hung conveniently, and then quickly cutting off the branch;
(2) weighing, namely rapidly placing the cut branches on a weighing instrument for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(3) transpiration: quickly putting the weighed branches back to the original positions, clamping the branches on the original mother branches through clamps, or fixing the branches on the original mother branches through wire ends connected to the branches in a winding manner, so that the branches are transpired in the original environment;
(4) weighing: after 3-5 minutes, quickly taking down the branches, putting the branches on an electronic top-loading balance again for weighing, and recording time and weight;
(5) area measurement: calculating the leaf area of the measured branches by a leaf area meter, and recording the numerical value of the leaf area;
2. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the step (1) is used for sampling, the weight of the selected branches is 20-30 g, so that the transpiration water volume of the branches is close to 1 g in 3-5 minutes, and the water loss is not more than 10% of the water content.
3. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) can be one of an electronic top load balance and a tray torsion balance, and the sensing quantity of the weighing instrument in the step (2) and the step (4) is 0.01 g.
4. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the weighing process in the step (2) and the step (4), a weighing instrument needs to be placed in a windproof glass box for use, so that the weighing instrument is not influenced by wind power during weighing, and the weighing accuracy is improved.
5. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the canopy structure of the fruit tree according to claim 1, wherein the leaf area meter in the step (5) is a hand-held leaf area meter which comprises a handle, a scanner, a scanning board and a QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system, and is a portable leaf area meter which is convenient to use and can work in the field.
6. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the canopy structure of the fruit tree as claimed in claim 5, wherein the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can accurately and rapidly measure the leaf area, the leaf circumference, the leaf length and the leaf width, the QT-L S02 plant leaf analysis system can intelligently measure single leaves and multiple leaves, count parameters such as total leaf area, average leaf length, average leaf width, average aspect ratio and average leaf circumference, and rapidly measure the lesion leaf area, the insect damage leaf area and perform grading analysis of leaf color.
7. The method for measuring the transpiration rate of the fruit tree canopy structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the process of measuring the transpiration rate, the branches of the canopy of the fruit tree to be measured can be collected for multiple times, the steps (1) to (6) are repeated, the transpiration rate is calculated, the average value is obtained, the accuracy of the measured value is improved, and then when the transpiration rate is measured, the measurement can be carried out in multiple time periods, such as the measurement is carried out in the morning, at noon, at evening and at night.
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CN202010332767.XA CN111413472A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Method for measuring transpiration rate of fruit tree canopy structure |
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Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN115545519A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-12-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Crop transpiration rise scale measurement and evaluation method oriented to different water and soil environments |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
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CN115545519A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-12-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Crop transpiration rise scale measurement and evaluation method oriented to different water and soil environments |
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