CN111411922B - Horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation equipment and method - Google Patents
Horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/04—Gravelling of wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
- E21B43/084—Screens comprising woven materials, e.g. mesh or cloth
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of energy and environment, and provides horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation equipment and a method. The equipment comprises a pressure monitoring system, a horizontal well fracturing and filling system, a sand control system and an automatic control feedback system. The problem of difficult pressure transmission caused by the muddy hypotonic characteristic of the sediment in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process is solved, and further the conditions of secondary generation of the hydrate and icing and blocking are caused. Meanwhile, a fracturing filling system is utilized to effectively enlarge the pressure permeation range, and the stability of a fracturing area and a gas migration channel is realized through the solidification of a propping agent in the fracturing area, so that the hydrate decomposition process is obviously strengthened. The gas collecting port is effectively prevented from being blocked by fine sand in the fracturing process through the sand control system in the gas production process, and the sand control system is washed by the fracturing system in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process, so that the problem that the sand control system is easy to block is solved. The set of equipment and the method promote safe, efficient and large-scale exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy and environment, and relates to a device and a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate resources
Background
Along with the rapid development of economy in China, the demand on energy is increasingly outstanding, the dependence degree on energy such as foreign natural gas, petroleum and the like is also increased, and the price and the transportation volume of the international energy market fluctuate due to political and military reasons, so that the economic development in China is greatly influenced. Therefore, the energy supply and the energy safety of China are ensured, and the method is urgent. The natural gas hydrate is a clean energy with huge reserves, the reserves of south China sea resources reach 800 million tons of oil equivalent, and the realization of safe and efficient development of the natural gas hydrate is a great energy strategic demand in China. The natural gas hydrate is a crystalline compound generated from natural gas and water under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, and the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate can be realized by methods such as depressurization, heat injection, agent injection and the like, wherein the depressurization method is a well-known mining method with the most development prospect and high feasibility. However, different from traditional oil and natural gas resource development, the natural gas hydrate mining process is accompanied by phase state conversion and violent heat and mass transfer, and the natural gas hydrate mineral deposit has the characteristics of argillaceous quality, low permeability, weak cementation and the like, and the problems of slow pressure permeation, unstable reservoir collapse and the like are often faced in the mining process, so that the mining process is seriously influenced. Therefore, on the premise of deep understanding of reservoir characteristics and hydrate decomposition characteristics, it is important to provide reservoir permeability enhancement equipment and method suitable for marine natural gas hydrate reservoir characteristics. The natural gas hydrate exploitation usually adopts a vertical well, and the arrangement has the problems of short pressure transmission distance and small decomposition area, and is not suitable for natural gas hydrate deposits with small thickness and wide distribution. The fracturing technology is a technical means for realizing compact rock stratum fragmentation by means of high-pressure liquid, is widely applied to shale gas development in recent years, but cannot be directly applied to a marine natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum due to the fact that the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum has the characteristics of argillaceous property, weak cementation, transportability and the like. In addition, because the particle size of the marine sediment particles is small, and the diameter of the marine sediment particles is less than 10 microns, the particles can account for more than 40 percent, fine sand moves along with gas production and water production in the process of exploiting the hydrate, a wellhead is blocked, and the exploitation process is stopped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation device and method for solving the bottleneck problem in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation device comprises a pressure monitoring system, a horizontal well fracturing filling system, an automatic control feedback system and a sand prevention system;
the pressure monitoring system comprises a computer and a pressure sensor array arranged outside the pipe wall of the horizontal pipe, and the computer is used for receiving, monitoring and processing data and signals; the pressure sensor array is arranged along the axial direction of the horizontal well, and is used for detecting the pressure change and the pressure transmission of a reservoir near the pressure sensor and transmitting a pressure signal to the automatic control feedback system;
the horizontal well fracturing filling system comprises a hydraulic system, a liquid conveying system and a fracturing filling nozzle arranged around an outer gas collecting port of the wall of the horizontal well; the fracturing filling nozzle can spray fracturing fluid and propping agent to fracture the reservoir and maintain the stability of fractures, so that the permeability of the reservoir is increased, the instability of the reservoir is prevented, and the pressure transmission is promoted; the gas collecting port is positioned on a horizontal well pipe, is outwards communicated with the reservoir stratum and inwards communicated with the inside of the well shaft, and is used for collecting gas produced by natural gas hydrate and conveying the gas to a production platform; the nozzle is of an annular double-port structure concentric with the gas collection port, the center of the nozzle is the gas collection port, the inner ring from inside to outside is a propping agent nozzle area, the outer ring is a fracturing fluid nozzle area, the propping agent is sprayed out from the inner ring of the nozzle, and the fracturing fluid is sprayed out from the outer ring of the nozzle; the hydraulic system is used for providing pressure for the fracturing fluid and the proppant; pressure sensors are arranged near the nozzles to form a sensor array for detecting the fracturing filling effect;
the automatic control feedback system is arranged on a drilling platform/a drilling ship and used for monitoring the processes of pressure, temperature, liquid conveying and the like, managing the fracturing filling system and generally controlling the hydrate decomposition process;
the sand control system is a mining sand control device arranged on the gas collecting port and used for preventing the gas collecting port from being blocked.
The fracturing fluid is high-concentration concentrated seawater with salinity of 8-10%, and is obtained by evaporating and concentrating seawater through solar photo-thermal equipment on a drilling platform or a drilling ship, wherein abundant ions can play a role in promoting hydrate decomposition; the proppant is a degradable porous expanded polymeric material, is a fluid at normal temperature, can be quickly cured after being cooled to the temperature of the local seabed, has more than 30% of porosity and more than 1D of permeability after being cured, can support fractured cracks, transfers pressure by utilizing high porosity and high permeability, maintains stable reservoir, is degradable and has environmental friendliness.
The liquid conveying system is used for conveying fracturing fluid and propping agent, and is provided with a temperature compensation module, the temperature control range is 0-50 ℃, and the temperature compensation module is used for controlling the liquefaction temperature of the propping agent and preventing the propping agent from being solidified in the conveying system.
The sand control system is a mining sand control device arranged at the air collecting port and consists of a double-layer screen; through sampling measurement, the particle size of the soil in the south sea is concentrated at 15-30 micrometers, so that the outer layer of the double-layer screen is selected to have a pore size of 15 micrometers and is used for preventing coarse sand from entering a shaft; the inner-layer screen mesh has the aperture of 10 microns and is used for preventing fine sand, and gravels with the particle size of 20-100 microns are filled in the double-layer screen mesh and are used for maintaining the permeability of the screen mesh; in the exploitation of natural gas hydrate, fine sand grains can be transported to a sand prevention device and block a screen due to the characteristics of sludge and silt. In order to solve the problem, the fracturing fluid sprayed from the fracturing fluid nozzle area scours the periphery of the screen, removes sand blocked outside the screen and ensures the normal work of a sand control system.
The method for performing the synergistic exploitation of the natural gas hydrate by adopting the synergistic exploitation equipment for filling the natural gas hydrate by fracturing the horizontal well comprises the following steps:
drilling in a natural gas hydrate target area, drilling a shaft provided with a fracturing and sand control system into a hydrate reservoir to form a horizontal well with a well inclination angle of 80-90 degrees, completing joint debugging of all systems, and collecting temperature and pressure data around the shaft;
secondly, the mining platform sets mining pressure, and a gas collection pump and a water collection pump are started to carry out initial pressure reduction mining gas collection; adopting a gradient depressurization method, and gradually feeding back and regulating the mining pressure according to the gas production rate until the gas production rate is lower than a target rate;
thirdly, performing fracturing synergistic exploitation on the natural gas hydrate; conveying fracturing fluid and proppant to each fracturing filling nozzle through the hydraulic system and the liquid conveying system; then, the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are sprayed out successively, the pressure of the fracturing fluid is increased step by taking 5MPa as a unit, and the initial spraying angle is 45 degrees to the horizontal well; after fracturing for 5 minutes, liquid proppant is sprayed out, and the proppant is rapidly solidified in the low-temperature environment of the seabed to form a porous expansion structure, so that pressure transfer is effectively promoted, the stability of a reservoir is effectively maintained, and the decomposition of natural gas hydrate is strengthened;
fourthly, closing the fracturing system, performing synergistic gas collection, and performing step-by-step gas collection by adopting a gradient depressurization method; when the gas production rate is lower than the target rate, performing secondary fracturing, increasing the fracturing pressure, adjusting the fracturing direction, expanding the fracturing range and strengthening the gas production of the natural gas hydrate; during the period, a sand control system is adopted to prevent the silt blockage of the gas collection port, the pressure sensor array is utilized to monitor the pressure around the gas collection port, whether the gas collection port is blocked or not is judged, and if the blockage occurs, the fracturing fluid sprayed out of the fracturing fluid nozzle area is adopted to wash and unblock the gas collection port;
fifthly, ending mining; the proppant is made of degradable materials, so that the proppant can be buried in submarine sediments and cannot cause environmental pollution; if the proppant is recovered, the fracturing fluid with the temperature of more than 30 ℃ can be sprayed by a fracturing system to liquefy the proppant, and the proppant is recovered through the gas collecting port and the shaft; and then, tripping and recovering the well to finish the exploitation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a set of marine natural gas hydrate efficient mining equipment and method suitable for horizontal well fracturing filling and sand prevention of marine argillaceous sediments. The device and the method solve the problem of difficult pressure transmission caused by the low permeability characteristic of sediment argillaceous during the exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate, and further avoid the conditions of reduction of gas production rate, slow heat transmission of a reservoir stratum, secondary generation of the hydrate and icing and blockage caused by the conditions. According to the equipment and the method, the fracturing filling system is arranged at the gas collecting port of the horizontal well, the pressure permeation range can be effectively enlarged, the fracturing area and the gas migration channel are stabilized through solidification of the liquid porous expansion propping agent in the fracturing area, the fracture healing problem caused by the argillaceous and flow state characteristics of a natural gas hydrate deposit layer is solved, the natural gas hydrate reservoir layer is effectively maintained to be depressurized in a large range, and the hydrate decomposition process is remarkably strengthened. In addition, the sand control system can effectively prevent fine sand from blocking the gas collecting port in the fracturing process, and can utilize the fracturing system to scour the sand control system in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process, thereby solving the problem that the sand control system is easy to block. The set of equipment and the method can powerfully promote safe, efficient and large-scale exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing natural gas hydrates.
In fig. 1: 1, automatically controlling a feedback system; 2, a hydraulic system; 3 a liquid delivery system; 4, a sand control system; 5 fracturing the filling nozzle; 6 array of pressure sensors.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the frac packing nozzle and production sand control device.
In fig. 2: 7 fracturing fluid nozzles; 8, proppant nozzles; and 9, exploiting the sand control device.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The method for performing the synergistic exploitation on the marine natural gas hydrate by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
drilling in a natural gas hydrate target area, drilling a shaft provided with a fracturing and sand control system into a hydrate reservoir to form a horizontal well with a well inclination angle of 80-90 degrees, completing joint debugging of all systems, and collecting temperature and pressure data around the shaft;
secondly, the mining platform sets mining pressure, and a gas collection pump and a water collection pump are started to carry out initial pressure reduction mining gas collection; and adopting a gradient depressurization method to feed back and regulate the production pressure step by step according to the gas production rate until the gas production rate is lower than 5000 square/day.
And thirdly, performing fracturing synergistic exploitation on the natural gas hydrate. And delivering the fracturing fluid and the propping agent to each nozzle 5 through the hydraulic system 2 and the liquid delivery system 3. And then, the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are sprayed out successively, the fracturing fluid pressure is increased step by taking 5MPa as a unit, and the initial spraying angle is 45 degrees to the horizontal well. After fracturing for 5 minutes, liquid proppant is sprayed out, and the proppant is rapidly solidified when meeting the seabed low-temperature environment (about 4-8 ℃) to form a porous expansion structure, so that pressure transfer is effectively promoted, the reservoir stability is effectively maintained, and the decomposition of natural gas hydrate is strengthened.
And fourthly, closing the fracturing system, performing synergistic gas collection, and performing step-by-step gas collection by adopting a gradient depressurization method. And when the gas production rate is lower than 5000 square/day, performing secondary fracturing, increasing the fracturing pressure, adjusting the fracturing direction, expanding the fracturing range and strengthening the gas production of the natural gas hydrate. During, adopt sand control system 4 to prevent that gas collection mouth silt from blockking up, utilize pressure sensor array 6 monitoring gas collection mouth surrounding pressure, judge whether the gas collection mouth blocks up, if take place to block up, adopt fracturing fluid of fracturing fluid nozzle district (7) spun to erode the unblock gas collection mouth.
And fifthly, ending the mining. The proppant is made of degradable material, so that the proppant can be buried in submarine sediments without causing environmental pollution. If the proppant is recovered, a fracturing system can be used for spraying high-temperature fracturing fluid (more than 30 ℃) to liquefy the proppant, and the proppant is recovered through the gas collecting port and the shaft. And then, tripping and recovering the well to finish the exploitation process.
Claims (5)
1. The synergistic exploitation equipment for filling the natural gas hydrate in the horizontal well fracturing is characterized by comprising a pressure monitoring system, a horizontal well fracturing filling system, an automatic control feedback system and a sand prevention system;
the pressure monitoring system comprises a computer and a pressure sensor array (6) arranged outside the wall of the horizontal well pipe, wherein the computer is used for receiving, monitoring and processing data and signals; the pressure sensor array (6) is arranged along the axial direction of the horizontal well, is used for detecting the pressure change and the pressure transmission of a reservoir near the pressure sensor and transmitting a pressure signal to the automatic control feedback system;
the horizontal well fracturing filling system comprises a hydraulic system (2), a liquid conveying system (3) and fracturing filling nozzles (5) arranged around the gas collecting port outside the wall of the horizontal well pipe; the fracturing filling nozzle (5) can spray fracturing fluid and propping agent to fracture the reservoir and maintain the stability of the fracture, so that the permeability of the reservoir is increased, the reservoir is prevented from being unstable, and the pressure transmission is promoted; the gas collecting port is positioned on a horizontal well pipe, is outwards communicated with the reservoir stratum and inwards communicated with the inside of the well shaft, and is used for collecting gas produced by natural gas hydrate and conveying the gas to a production platform; the nozzle is of an annular double-port structure concentric with the gas collection port, the center of the nozzle is the gas collection port, the inner ring from inside to outside is a propping agent nozzle area (8), the outer ring is a fracturing fluid nozzle area (7), the propping agent is sprayed out from the inner ring of the nozzle, and the fracturing fluid is sprayed out from the outer ring of the nozzle; the hydraulic system (2) is used for providing pressure for fracturing fluid and proppant; pressure sensors are arranged near the nozzles to form a sensor array for detecting the fracturing filling effect;
the automatic control feedback system (1) is arranged on a drilling platform/drilling ship and used for monitoring the pressure, temperature and liquid conveying process, managing a fracturing filling system and generally controlling the hydrate decomposition process;
the sand control system (4) is a mining sand control device (9) arranged on the gas collecting port and used for preventing the gas collecting port from being blocked.
2. The horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation device of claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid is high-concentration concentrated seawater with salinity of 8-10%, and is obtained by evaporating and concentrating seawater through solar photo-thermal equipment on a drilling platform or a drilling ship, wherein abundant ions can play a role in promoting hydrate decomposition; the proppant is a degradable porous expanded polymeric material, is a fluid at normal temperature, can be quickly cured after being cooled to the temperature of the local seabed, has more than 30% of porosity and more than 1D of permeability formed inside after being cured, can support a fracturing crack, and is degradable.
3. The horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation device of claim 1, wherein: the liquid conveying system (3) is used for conveying fracturing fluid and propping agent, and is provided with a temperature compensation module, the temperature control range is 0-50 ℃, and the temperature compensation module is used for controlling the liquefaction temperature of the propping agent and preventing the propping agent from being solidified in the conveying system.
4. The horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation device of claim 1, wherein: the sand control system (4) is a mining sand control device (9) arranged at the air collecting port and consists of a double-layer screen; the outer layer of the double-layer screen mesh has the aperture of 15 microns and is used for preventing coarse sand from entering a shaft; the inner-layer screen mesh has the aperture of 10 microns and is used for preventing fine sand, and gravels with the particle size of 20-100 microns are filled in the double-layer screen mesh and are used for maintaining the permeability of the screen mesh; the periphery of the screen is washed by fracturing fluid sprayed from the fracturing fluid nozzle area (7), sediment blocked outside the screen is removed, and the normal work of the sand control system is ensured.
5. The method for performing the synergistic exploitation of the natural gas hydrate by applying the horizontal well fracturing filling natural gas hydrate synergistic exploitation equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drilling in a natural gas hydrate target area, drilling a shaft provided with a fracturing and sand control system into a hydrate reservoir to form a horizontal well with a well inclination angle of 80-90 degrees, completing joint debugging of all systems, and collecting temperature and pressure data around the shaft;
secondly, the mining platform sets mining pressure, and a gas collection pump and a water collection pump are started to carry out initial pressure reduction mining gas collection; adopting a gradient depressurization method, and gradually feeding back and regulating the mining pressure according to the gas production rate until the gas production rate is lower than a target rate;
thirdly, performing fracturing synergistic exploitation on the natural gas hydrate; conveying fracturing fluid and proppant to each fracturing filling nozzle (5) through the hydraulic system (2) and the liquid conveying system (3); then, the fracturing fluid and the propping agent are sprayed out successively, the pressure of the fracturing fluid is increased step by taking 5MPa as a unit, and the initial spraying angle is 45 degrees to the horizontal well; after fracturing for 5 minutes, liquid proppant is sprayed out, and the proppant is rapidly solidified in the low-temperature environment of the seabed to form a porous expansion structure, so that pressure transfer is effectively promoted, the stability of a reservoir is effectively maintained, and the decomposition of natural gas hydrate is strengthened;
fourthly, closing the fracturing system, performing synergistic gas collection, and performing step-by-step gas collection by adopting a gradient depressurization method; when the gas production rate is lower than the target rate, performing secondary fracturing, increasing the fracturing pressure, adjusting the fracturing direction, expanding the fracturing range and strengthening the gas production of the natural gas hydrate; during the period, a sand control system (4) is adopted to prevent the silt blockage of the gas collection port, the pressure sensor array (6) is utilized to monitor the pressure around the gas collection port, whether the gas collection port is blocked or not is judged, and if the blockage occurs, the fracturing fluid sprayed out of the fracturing fluid spray port area (7) is adopted to scour the gas collection port for unblocking;
fifthly, ending mining; the proppant is made of degradable materials, so that the proppant can be buried in submarine sediments and cannot cause environmental pollution; if the proppant is recovered, jetting fracturing fluid with the temperature of more than 30 ℃ by using a fracturing system to liquefy the proppant, and recovering the proppant through a gas collecting port and a shaft; and then, tripping and recovering the well to finish the exploitation process.
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| CN112709552B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-03-08 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Device and method for developing marine natural gas hydrate system based on hydrate method |
| CN113417596B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Theory for reinforcing and preventing collapse and sand in natural gas hydrate stratum layer and implementation method |
| CN114718521A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-08 | 大连理工大学 | Based on CO2Fractured natural gas hydrate exploitation system and method |
| CN115680573B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-03-22 | 大连理工大学 | Natural gas hydrate exploitation device and method based on thermodynamic driving force optimization |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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